Avignon kwebasa raPapa. Kutanga Avignon vanapapa kubatwa

Chii Avignon kwebasa raPapa? Mune yenhoroondo yenyika, zviitiko izvi zvakaitika, yaiva mhaka kwavo uye chii zvose kutungamirira? Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvose chakajeka, asi panguva imwe chete, sezvakaita pamwe mumwe chiitiko dzakaitika, hapana mhinduro chete mibvunzo yakawanda, hapana mitemo, hapana mhosva. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Avignon kwebasa raPapa. Ayakaita?

Mukupera Middle Ages, muna 13-14 emakore, unotanga centralization kuEurope anoti. France pano ndozvakaitikawo. Panguva ino, vose vomuguta, kunyange vafundisi aiteerera mambo.

Naizvozvo, tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti muna 13-14 emakore vakasuwa simba chechi kwakatanga kuderera, sezvo madzimambo vava zvikuru nesimba kupfuura nguva feudal kusabatana. Sezvingatarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Korol Kuvshinov IV ndizvo hondo iri muvengi nemakore - England. Asi hondo huru - a mari zvikuru. Naizvozvo, kuti kufukidza mari kwokuramba boka remauto, Philippe akamutsa mitero uye kunyange akarayira vafundisi kupa chikamu mari muhomwe. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Philip akaita chikanganiso chakakura - asina kubvumirana panyaya iyi Papa. Achipindura, Papa akapa kushoropodza wamambo, uye akatyisidzira kuti aizoita vanotsvakurudza nezvekuporeswa vaya kumanikidza vafundisi kubhadhara mitero. Mambo haana kuramba chikwereti uye kurambidzwa aina achibva kunyika zvishongo. Somugumisiro, mashoko Vatican akarasikirwa mari vachibva kuFrance.

Kuchinja mutemo Papa sezvo yokuedza kuderedza makakatanwa ukama mambo

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi13, Pope Boniface VIII zvishoma achinja chinzvimbo uye akabvumira vafundisi nokuzvidira mutero maererano wehurumende. Asi panongovira Papa ane idzva rine mari, mambo mutsva kutsoropodza.

Pakutanga boka kuti pakaparadzwa Papa uye ahwo

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti nokukurumidza vakatanga mushandirapamwe vachipidigura Pope, uyo akarohwa somugumisiro uye akafa yaaigara. Pope Benedict XI, uyo akakwira chigaro pashure, muchetura mumwedzi 8 chete. Vafundisi 11 Kwapera mwedzi akasarudzwa Pope Bertrand of akasimuka. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Avignon akava mutsva papa dzokugara. Sezvineiwo, zvachakapiwa nomutsa King. Cherechedza kuti chinhu chokutanga kuti akaita papa itsva - France akadzokera pachipfuva chechi.

Avignon kwebasa raPapa - nguva kubva 1309 kusvika 1377, apo chokugara haana muRoma, asi muFrance, muna Avignon. Ipapo Pope ainzwa hwakanyarara zvikuru kupfuura muRoma, apo ose zvino uye ipapo airwisana aigara achirwa revatongi mhuri muItaly. Mukuwedzera, yemisangano States akanga chaizvoizvo akatanga dziparare.

Avignon kwebasa raPapa. Date: 1309

Hazvina zvakafanira kunzwisisa rokuti "chokunyengera" wo chaizvoizvo. Zvakanga, asi, kwete kubatwa zviri Avignon vanapapa senguva dzose mupfungwa, asi kuchinja mutemo vanapapa achitsigira France. Pakutsigira ichi ndicho chokwadi kuti zvose vanapapa kuti nguva vaiva French, kufanana vakawanda college vafundisi, uye kutaura zvazviri College of vafundisi ava akasarudzwa vanapapa. vafundisi vakawanda vaimboita akashanda mumuzinda French. Panguva iyo Avignon vanapapa kubatwa akaita zvinodiwa namambo, uye akaita nedzenyu siyana mishoni.

Sezvingatarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, enyika simba vanapapa simba. Zvisinei, mukati chechi vawana simba ravo zvechokwadi monarchical hunhu. Kana abbots akapfuura nemabhishopu vakasarudzwa, ikozvino - vakagadzwa napapa. Kwebasa raPapa, Chokwadi, aidzora zvose zvoupenyu.

Avignon pakutapwa - kupangidza mukuru kuitika pamusoro kwakaderera yeChechi

Zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa kwava kupangidza huru zvinoita kuti tizive nhoroondo Middle Ages - kureva, kurwisana dzanapapa dzakamira uye vatongi Mutsvene hweRoma utongi munyika yechiKristu. Pavanotaurirana kereke uye zvenyika vepamusoro, pamwe kusiyanisa kubudirira yakatora makore akawanda. Asi zvose akachinja zvinoshamisa kana vakakwira choushe Habsburgs. Vakachinja kutungamirira uye hunhu youmambo mutemo, kufunga kwete kukunda Italy, uye pamusoro yokupedza matambudziko zvokukurumidzira mune nyaya ndima German.

Pakutanga, vanapapa zvino mukana wakanaka kuita zvakananga nokusimbaradza ehurumende uye ayo zviremera. Asi chokwadi ndokudzokera zvose zvakasiyana. Italy pashure nokutyisidzirwa German akanga kubviswa, woga kuti mhirizhonga uye nenyonganyonga. Zvino, hapana zvadzorwa uye matunhu guta, iro kare raifanira vakabatana chiso muvengi ane wokunze. Ivo vakarwa pakati pavo, kunyange pedyo nemisha, tisingatauri nguva dzose anorwisana dzimba Italian vakakwirira. Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti vaRoma panhau uyu. Uyezve, Papa kakawanda kunyange aitofanira kutiza kuRoma, achitya vagari inopandukira, pedo mamiriro mauto, varwi vokunze madzinza utsinye.

The Eternal City aingova ngozi upenyu rokumusoro akanyatsorongwa yeRoma Church. Naizvozvo, vazhinji Papa reRoma pane kuita dzokugara dzavo Naples, L'naAkwira, naAnani nemamwe maguta, achitya kuti upenyu hwavo. Kutanga Avignon vanapapa kubatwa chete chokuita kuchinjwa kugara Avignon. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hazvishamisi kuti kunyange pakati vafundisi hakuna kubatana, uye kusarudza inova hondo chaiyo anorwisana nemhuri. The richangobva kusarudzwa Pope, Chokwadi, akaedza kuti vakombe pachake pamwe vatsigiri - hama neshamwari, saka akavaisa mukuru nzvimbo. Muruzi Mudunhu aiva dzakaoma, sezvo richangobva kusarudzwa papa vakatsvaka Kurumidza kugadzirisa nevavengi. Mune zvose izvi, mune mhirizhonga Baba vakaramba azviite kana achiri musoro wekereke, inomira kumusoro madzimambo uye vatongi. Sezvingatarisirwa, zvakadai mutemo kunongokonzera kuti kuwedzera ukama namambo.

The kwakaderera papa simba

Peak nharo, Sezvambotaurwa, akanga aona panguva yaitonga maFiripi Fair, apo Pope Boniface VIII vakapinda hayo kunetsana namambo. Munguva simba hukuru hwaPapa mugumisiro kurwa kwakanga foregone mhedziso. Achipindura kutyisidzira kuunza Pope King rushambwa, akatuma kune papa kumuzinda chanzera Guillaume Nogare. Nokuti pezvizuva pamberi rushambwa of chanzera pamwe Knights zana vakamhanyira mumuzinda Papa. Vakazvuzvurudzira mukweguru pachigaro, kurova uye kunyadzisa pake. Regai relegate zvakadaro, Boniface VIII afa, nokutuka uye Guillaume Nogare, uye Firipi. Zvisinei, mutsivi wake, Benedict IX akazivisa varwi vakanga vakarova papa yekare, mhosva. Zvakaitika chaizvo sakare, uye zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti pamuviri - weRoma Papa haana chete kurohwa, asi arohwa varayirwa King Christian. Yakaratidza kuti pasina kutsigira Panyanzvi simba Papa haagoni zvinobudirira nemabasa musoro Catholic Church.

France sezvo mutsigiri kwebasa raPapa

Pakadaro, Papa akataura mutongi ane simba kupfuura kuti nguva - Mambo French. Uyezve, paiva kudiwa kusarudza nzvimbo imwe chivako chitsva, apo Papa aigona kudzora kereke pasina kutya nechitarisiko uye dzimwe vavengi. Muchiitiko chino, nokuti mukuru kuchengeteka chigaro inofanira riri pedyo nomuganhu French, asi chero nyaya kwete munharaunda French.

Kana hazvisi kuFrance, uko achigara?

Akakodzera kuita kuti Avignon muna Provence, saka chii chiri kuitika uye akagamuchira munhoroondo zita "Avignon kwebasa raPapa." Panguva iyoyo, Papa akabatsira Mambo Naples kutora chigaro, saka zvazviri haana munharaunda utsinye mamiriro Italy, uye muumambo suzerain ake.

Avignon kwebasa raPapa akavabvumira kuti vakachengeteka kubata kereke kuti vakabatsirwa simba uye simba vanapapa uye vafundisi. Pandakangosvika Avignon, Papa Saka kataundi ichi guru Catholic nyika. Saka, kutanga Avignon kwebasa raPapa reRoma kwaisava chiitiko zvinotyisa zvakadai, sezvo zvingaita sokuti pakutanga.