Alexander, Mukuru Duke. Nhoroondo Russian Empire

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich akaberekwa April 13, 1866 mu Tiflis. Most hwake kwave chokuita kukura Navy uye Air Force. nhengo iyi imba youmambo akayeuka zvavo zvakagadzirwa zvirongwa pfupi kutungamirira nepagungwa zvokutengeserana, uye kushingaira munguva kuenda kumwe pashure Civil War.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

The Grand Duke aiva mwanakomana uye muzukuru Emperor Nicholas I. chevaux pamusoro Mikhail Nikolayevich Alexander III, iye muzukuru. Yokupedzisira mambo, Nicholas II yakanga ake makuru-muzukuru. Amai Alexander - Olga Fedorovna - aiva German pakuberekwa. Aiva mwanasikana Duke Leopold pamusoro Baden.

Somwana, remangwana chevaux Nicholas II aiva neshamwari shoma pedyo. Mumwe wavo aifungidzirwa kuti Alexander. The Grand Duke uye mugari wenhaka pachigaro chaiva rinenge vezera ane musiyano makore maviri. Kufanana zviduku vamiririri House of Romanov vazhinji, Alexander akasarudza rechiuto basa. Iye wechi ari Marine Metropolitan College, uko kudzidza muna 1885. The jaya akagamuchira chinzvimbo warandi mukuru uye zvakazoonekwa kuti akanyoresa Guards. Kusarudza haana netsaona. Guards chinhu repamusoro wengarava chikamu chikamu Imperial Guard.

World rwokuparidza

Muna 1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich akaenda of circumnavigate panyika, kutangira sezvinoita midshipman. Grand Duke skirted nyika iri bronepalubnom corvette "bhero." On Christmas Eve, ngarava vakapinda miganhu mvura Brazil kure. Alexander kunyange kamari yepamutemo kushanya muna Flughafen Emperor Pedro II. Key akasangana muenzi wokuRussia yake Zvikwenzi dzokugara Petropolis, apo vakamirira pamusoro-soro kupisa wokumaodzanyemba zhizha. Just vaviri makore, Pedro abdicated, uye Brazil akava zvokuvhoterwa.

The Grand Duke akaita rurege kuSouth Africa. Ikoko akatanga kuziva upenyu uye zvakaoma basa Dutch varimi. From Cape Town vakatanga wakarebesa kuchinja "Rynda" - kuSingapore. The chikepe akapedza megungwa mazuva 45, panguva iyo nguva rikarira yake havana kuona munhu zvechokwadi kusvika munyika. Maererano netsamba Alexander Mikhailovich, imba imwe neimwe wechipiri kuSingapore raMwari Chinatown aiva chinodhaka kugomba, apo vanoda yakakurumbira ipapo zvinodhaka.

raakaberekwa rechi21 muzukuru akazosangana mambo achienda Hong Kong. Ipapo aitora anenge maviri makore Nagasaki, apo akaenda rwendo kuIndia, Australia uye kuPhilippines. MuJapan, Mukuru Duke akashanyira Flughafen mambo uye kunyange vakadzidza zvinokosha mutauro. "Rynda" vakadzokera Europe muchirimo 1889, pashure achipfuura ari neSuez Canal muIjipiti. Usati wawana mumba, Mukuru Duke akashanyira mueni Queen Victoria, uyo akatora Romanov uye mutsa, kunyange zvazvo yakaoma ukama British-Russian.

At Alexander Mikhailovich aiva rake Yacht "Tamara". Pairi, naiyewo akaita nzendo dzakawanda. Muna 1891, "Tamara" akashanyira India. Nguva pfupi pashure porwendo Alexander akava mukuru pamusoro muparadzi "vanotozvifarira" Muna 1893, iye, pamwe dzechikwata vakaenda North America. Frigate "Dmitry Donskoy" uye dzimwe ngarava Russian takaendeswa yeNyika Itsva pachiitiko ari 400th gore yakawanikwa yaro Columbus.

muchato

Muna 1894 kare raiva Alexander - ari Grand Duke - pamwe chinzvimbo refutenendi. Nguva pfupi pashure Kukwidziridzwa ichi akaroora. Alexander uye mudzimai wake akava Xenia Alexandrovna. The Grand Duchess aiva hanzvadzi muduku Nicholas II. Aiziva murume wake ramangwana kubva pauduku - aigara akashanyira Gatchina, kwaiva vana Alexander III.

Slim Brunette varefu ndiye chete wechidiki rudo Xenia. Wokutanga manzwiro ake, iye akaudza hanzvadzi yake Nicholas, akadana shamwari Alexander Sandro. Wedding of Grand Duke uye Grand Duchess kwakaitika July 25, 1894 mu Peterhof. Vaviri ava vakava nevana vanomwe - vanakomana vatanhatu uye mwanasikana mumwe (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav uye Basil).

Kutarisira Navy

Muna 1891 Alexander akatanga kubudisa Directory "zvikepe", rwakazokura mukurumbira chaizvo magazini mudzimai rengarava. Mugore iroro mai vake vakafa Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke akateerera zvikuru mamiriro yePacific Fleet. Kuti kukusimbisa, Alexander akapedza makore akawanda ari kugadzirira yakanakira hondo purogiramu yacho zvinhu. Gwaro chaipiwa kuna Nicholas II muna 1895.

Nepo kuFar East akanga kudzikama - mu China maiva vachivavhiringidza uye Japan nokukurumidza modernized uye akatanga vanoti musoro mukuru masimba mudunhu. Kuti pasi izvi ezvinhu Ndakaita Alexander? Grand Duke zvinganaka zvinobva pakuti Japan iri kukura nokukurumidza, pakupedzisira kududzira hondo Russia. In hwake, akapedza makore maviri ari Kunyika Sunrise Sun, uye panguva iyi yaigona kuzvionera mberi kuti kwasvika munguva pfupi nguva chitsuwa umambo.

Zvisinei, nyevero Grand Duke racho varangana St. Petersburg bundu. More nechinzvimbo chepamusoro muchiuto uye nhengo youmambo vaiva Japan somunhu muvengi simba, uye havana kufunga kuti anofanira kugadzirira akaoma mushandirapamwe. Nguva yaratidza kuti vakanga vakarasika. Zvisinei, purogiramu yakanga kumbobvira vava. Mukuwedzera, pamusana nokusabvumirana nezveramangwana zvikepe pamudyandigere pachake Alexander akatumirwa zvishoma. The Grand Duke vakadzoka basa 1898, achiva mukuru pamusoro chigadzirwe coastguard "General-Admiral Apraksin".

ouinjiniya madambu

Service kuti "Apraksin" Grand Duke akapa kunokosha ruzivo, iyo yakaumbwa hwaro ake basa magadzirirwo. Muna 1900, mauto vakapedza gadzira seagoing chigadzirwe coastguard "Admiral Butakov". Akava rethinking kuti "Apraksin". Pamwe chete Alexander Mikhailovich yaaishandira racho mukuru injiniya ari muchikepe chiteshi guru Dmitriy Skortsov.

Chimwe muchero okugadzira mabasa Grand Duke - purojekiti yehondo ine misha matani 14,000. Akagamuchira gumi pfuti. An fanana purojekiti panguva imwe chete Alexander Mikhailovich kudzidza akakurumbira wengarava injiniya Vittorio Kunibert. gadzira ichi chakaita pakuvaka zvikepe mukirasi "Regina Elena". Musiyano pakati pfungwa Kunibert uye Grand Duke akanga chete ndechokuti pfungwa wokuItaly, mukusiyana kuti kushanduka Romanova, pashure zvose yave ichizadzika.

The Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri

Muna 1903, panguva Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich akasvika akanaka Palace. Akanga kusimudzirwa kuna Rear Admiral. Asati Grand Duke maviri makore aiva mukuru pamusoro yehondo "Rostislav". Zvino Alexander rinotarisa bureaucratic basa. Akaenda kuna Office Merchant Shipping Council. Alexander akanyengetedza mambo kutendeutsa inoshandiswa. Muna November 1902 Council akazova General Directorate of Merchant Shipping uye Zvengarava, uye chaizvoizvo - Ministry.

The neshasha uye mukuru mudziviriri inoshandiswa itsva yakanga pachake Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. The Russian zvikepe yakanga ichida imwe yoga sangano yaizodzivirira ayo zvokutengeserana zvarwo, akafunga Romanov. Zvisinei, pasinei nevavariro dzakanaka kana akatungamirira wamambo, aifanira kusangana shoma nokushorwa asara vashumiri. Havana kuita kuti imwe nhengo yemhuri youmambo akapindira mubasa hurumende. Rinenge rose Cabinet akatendeukira kushorwa Alexander Mikhailovich. nevamwe vake vakaita zvavaigona kunyengetedza Kesari wokuparadza General Administration. Izvi zvakaitwa muna 1905. Nokudaro, Grand Duke uye mwana havana kugara makore matatu.

The hondo Japan

C kwatombova Russian-Japanese War, nezvikepe yeRussian Empire nedambudziko chakakomba rakaoma. Alexander, uyo akamupa yakawanda hwake, akatora Zvinoshingaira mushandirapamwe kuti. Akatora mutariri remapazi uye kurovedza rutsigiro mudziyo muridzi neDare Volunteer Fleet. Ipapo vakanga vakananga komiti kuronga muunganidzwa Zvipo kusimbisa muchiuto squadrons.

Muna 1905, zvichitevera kubviswa pachake ushumiri hwake, Alexander akava mukuru yokuzviparadzanisa dzavaparadzi uye sevatsvaki vemapuranga yangu, basa iri zvavo mishonga. Kana mubvunzo akasimuka chokutumira yechipiri Pacific dzechikwata kuti pamhenderekedzo East Far, Mukuru Duke akataura kuzorwa Chisarudzo ichi, tichifunga zvikepe akagadzirira inadequately. Kunyange pashure kuguma Russian-Japanese War chikuru-babamunini mambo, akatora mugove ari kugadzirira zvirongwa uye anoronga kunovakazve putswa panguva wengarava rutsigiro.

Admiral uye vaichengetedza kuti avhiyesheni

Muna 1909 iri Grand Duke akava mutevedzeri Admiral. Mugore iroro baba vake vafa, Mikhail Nikolaevich. makumi maviri, akanga ari mubati Caucasus, kunyange 24 makore - sachigaro State Council. Mikhail aiva nevana vatanhatu, uye Alexander akararama nguva refu kupfuura hama dzake nehanzvadzi.

Muna 1915, Mukuru Duke akava Admiral. Zvisinei, mabasa ayo hanya kwete chete rengarava. Alexander akaita Mugove kukura National aeronautics. Rakanga riri danho rake 1910 rakaumbwa Sevastopol mukuru avhiyesheni chikoro. Uyezve, mukuru-babamunini wamambo aiva mukuru Imperial mhepo simba. Panguva World War Chokutanga, Grand Duke akaongorora zvikepe uye ndege.

The Revolution uye Civil War

The February chimurenga payakakurudzirwa kwakachinja upenyu vose Romanovs. vomuimba youmambo zvakabviswa kubva kuhondo. Alexander Mikhailovich akanga adzingwa basa, apo kuramba yunifomu. Hurumende zvokungoitawo amutendera kurarama kwake Crimean wemunda. Zvichida chete nenguva kuenda kumaodzanyemba anunura mugari Romanova. Pamwe naye kuCrimea yakatama Xenia Alexandrovna vavo nevana.

Alexander haana kusiya Russia kusvikira yokupedzisira. Panguva Civil War Crimea kakawanda vakapfuura paruoko kuisa. Kana simba pamusoro Peninsula chakamboti vakatamira Bolsheviks, ivo Romanovs vakanga aurayiwe. Zvino Crimea akauya pasi neGermany. Pashure Rugare Brest wayo refu dzaidzidziswa vatorwa vatsigiri ari Entente White. Ndipo apo Alexander nemhuri yake vakasarudza kusiya Russia. Muna December 1918, akaenda muchikepe British kuFrance.

kuenda kumwe

In Paris, Alexander akava nhengo musangano Russian enyika. mamiriro ichi rakavambwa Soviet hurumende vavengi kuti kumiririra zvido nyika yake panguva Versailles musangano. Pakupera 1918 ndokuguma War World Wokutanga ikozvino Kumukundi wenyika kuenda kusarudza njodzi Europe. Russia, iyo pamberi pamberi Bolsheviks vakauya simba nokutendeseka akaita ravo kusvikira Entente, akanga kunyimwa vamiririrwe Versailles kwenguva yoga rugare Germany. Vatsigiri chena sangano akaedza kubvuta mureza akadonha kunze, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Alexander pachake akashandisa mari yayo yose kunyengetedza masimba vatorwa kupidigura Bolsheviks, asi vakakundikana.

Kuedza vatama, sezvamunoziva, kana pasina zvazvakabatsira. Pakati vazhinji Grand Duke akaenda Europe, vachitarisira nokukurumidza kudzokera kumusha. Akanga asingori mutana, akapindira ichangobva pamusoro pachikumbaridzo makore makumi mashanu, uye vanotarisira ramangwana riri nani. Zvisinei, kufanana nezvimwe chena vatama, Alexander uye akaramba kusvikira parufu rwake munyika yokumwe. nzvimbo yake yokugara akasarudza France.

The Grand Duke aiva nhengo masangano akawanda mubvakure. Iye sachigaro ari Union wokuRussia vemauto vezvikepe, uye akatora chikamu mabasa akamisa Petrom Vrangelem Russian Military Union. Romanov akabatsira vana vakawanda vari muutapwa ari pangozi zvikuru chinzvimbo.

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hama Nicholas II akaenda mabasa pachavo netsamba dzavo. In papepa zvaigona Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Bhuku Memories") dzakabudiswa muna 1933 mune muparidzi Paris. nokukurumidza Munyori akafa pashure chimiro basa rake zvakachengetwa. Akafa musi February 26, 1933 iri dzisina mutaundi Roquebrune riri Cote d'waAzuri. Alpes-Maritimes uye akava nzvimbo yokuzorora pakati zvasara mukadzi Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Iye vasiya murume kwemakore 27, akafa April 20, 1960 muBritish Windsor.

Netsamba yacho Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich nhasi dzinonakidza Monument vakapoteredza nguva munyika kare. Mushure chakurirwa, kuyeuka Romanov kumba, uyewo mamwe vamiririri imba youmambo zhinji, akapedzisira yakadzorerwa. Muna 2012, muSt Petersburg waiva yendarira bust. munyori shongwe akava muvezi uye nhengo Presidium of Russian Academy of Arts Albert Charkin.