Apo Gagarin nendege muchadenga? Mugore chii Gagarin vachimbundira muchadenga?

Yury A. akaberekwa musi wechipfumbamwe muna March 1934, uye wegumi muna April 1961 ava nemakore makumi manomwe makore Gagarin okutanga nendege muchadenga. Akaita mungarava "Vostok-1" ichibhururuka vakakomba Earth, uye kutanga akaona redu kubva muchadenga. Chii chaiva munzira kusvikira asitironati, apo Gagarin nendege muchadenga, sei upenyu hwake mushure kutiza - ndiwo inotevera.

Biography

Munhuwo mukomana akaberekerwa uye mumhuri imwe muSoviet munhuwo mumusha Klushino Gzhatsk mudunhu. baba vake - muvezi, uye mai vake tamboshanda romukaka papurazi.
Hondo yakatanga risina makore pauduku. Kwemakore anenge maviri kumusha yavaibatisa nemauto eNazi. Asi muna 1943 mumusha akasunungurwa, uye Jura duku akatanga kudzidza. Pashure pehondo, kwakabva mhuri yakatamira Gzhatsk, pashure zita Gagarin.

First Jura kudzidza makirasi nomwe, uye noruoko 1951 - chikoro yekosi ine dzakagadzirirwa zvichaparara-caster. Mugore iroro paakapinda Industrial College of Saratov, uye muna 1954, akatanga zvinobhururuka tsvimbo, apo zvadaro akaita zana namakumi mapfumbamwe namatanhatu voos, nezvechiitiko anenge makumi mana navaviri nehafu maawa mudenga. Mumakore manomwe Yuri Gagarin nendege muchadenga, asi sei ipapo kanenge kufunga nezvazvo?

Muna 1955, jaya akanzi kuhondo muna First Military Aviation School ainzi K. E. Voroshilova. Ndapedza pamwe kukuru akashanda makore maviri pedyo Murmansk ari murwi avhiyesheni hondo weboka kuNorthern Fleet, nezvechiitiko maawa maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu.

Pakusarudzwa asitironati

Muna 1959, chisarudzo ari CPSU Central Committee chisarudzo chakaitwa kusarudza muchadenga kunoongorora kutizirako. Boka nyanzvi kushandisa maviri musarudzo, pakati pavo pakange Yu. A. Gagarin. Navo uye kudzidziswa.
musarudzo All vakanga zvachose utano. Vakanga nenyanzvi uye panyama kugadzirira, kurangwa vezvikepe kuti ndege ndege. Kuwedzera vose vakasvika hapana anopfuura zana nemakumi manomwe masendimita, zera - kubva maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, uremu - kubva manomwe makumi maviri makirogiramu.
Pakati maviri navatatu musarudzo nokukurumidza vamire panze: Yuri Gagarin, Grigoriy Nelyubov uye German Titov.
Muna 1961 (gore umo Gagarin nendege muchadenga) pakusarudza cosmonaut wokutanga, kukurumidza, nokuti mashoko akanga kuti vokuAmerica vari kugadzirira kuti kutiza uye akanga akazvifunga musi April 20. Saka, muna Soviet Union nayo vakaronga kuti kutanga kubva regumi musi April 17.
Rorusere April musangano unokosha wedare, panguva Waanofarira rekutanga basa iri nzvimbo nendege uye akasarudza candidacy pakati Yuri Gagarin. German Titov akagadzwa chengetedza.

"Vostok-1" - Flight

Gagarin kwakatangwa muchadenga 12 musi April 1961, apo pa 9:07 kubva Baikonur Cosmodrome rakazova kutanga "Vostok-1". Mushure murayiro "On mavanga ako!" Akati Yuri A. akakurumbira "Handei!", Uye chikepe mhere skyward.

Gagarin vakapedza maminitsi zana masere muchadenga. In muchadenga, akadya uye akanwa, uye akatora manotsi. All zvakawanika uye nezvekufadza zvaakanyora patepi. Ipapo ndisingazikamwi sei vanhu psyche vazvibate muchadenga. Naizvozvo, kuti vakwanise Chinyorwa kudzora ngarava Gagarin zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuvhura hamvuropu, uye kupinda bumbiro riri control panel dzokuzarura.

Panoperera ndege, vasati vapinda mhepo, ngarava akadonha kwemaminitsi gumi, sezvo akaputsa injini hurongwa zvaisaririra anodiwa nomunhu. Asitironati, kwete kutyisidzira Mambokadzi akati chete nezvomumwe pakaita dambudziko. Mhepo yakanga pakupedzisira kuparadzana nezvikamu. Anoburukira zvinoitwa ne masere, kunyange zvakapetwa kagumi zadzisa. Asi Gagarin akanga agadzirira payo. Akaona yakanyungudutswa mvura simbi pamusoro Girazi mahwindo uye vakanzwa kwomurazvo mberi - tembiricha pamwero kusvikira zviuru zvishanu.
makiromita manomwe kubva pasi, iye vabudiswa. Akasvikira kwete vakaronga nzvimbo - zana makiromita gumi kubva Stalingrad, uye muna Saratov mudunhu.

Musangano muMoscow

Pakutanga, undosangana nomunhu asitironati pamwe chinokudza asina kuronga. Zvisinei, N. S. Hruschev aida kugadzirira wakakodzera welcome muMoscow uye akaramba kuti Gagarin akapiwa chinzvimbo Major.

Wokutanga asitironati nendege muMoscow IL-18, uye muna guru akanga akabatana nomukuru perekedza evadzimi nomwe. Ichibhururuka pamusoro peguta, iye tikamhara Vnukovo yendege, apo vakamirira nomufaro vanhu, vatori venhau, uye utungamiriri neSoviet. Gagarin aibva Ndege rakajeka dzvuku makapeti, vakafamba kusvikira pakagadzirwa nematanda, uye Khrushchev warondedzera pamusoro Implementation mabasa ose Party uye Soviet Government.

Pashure paizvozvo, akagamuchira vose, kutyaira pamusoro "žil-111B." Mhemberero akaramba ari Kremlin, apo Gagarin akava Hero of Soviet Union uye vakagamuchira hurongwa Lenin. Boys vakaberekwa musi iwoyo, vanaamai vakawanda ainzi Yuriyami.

Foreign nzendo uye mibayiro

Kwete dzedu nyika asi pose kuona wokutanga asitironati pashure Gagarin nendege muchadenga. Mumwe, vaviri, vatatu, iye akaenda "Miss World" kunze. In Czechoslovakia izvozvo paakavapa rokuti "Hero pakati Socialist Labor of Czechoslovakia", muBulgaria - akasarudzwa ane honorary mugari maguta Sofia uye Plovdiv, muEngland - akaita honorary havaoni, akapa menduru yegoridhe pamusoro pezvakasikwa, uye akasangana pachake pamwe Prime Minister uye Queen Elizabeth II.

Kuwedzera Munyika idzi akashanyira Finland, Cuba, Canada, Brazil, India, Afghanistan, Hungary, kuCeylon (Sri Lanka), United Arab Republic (Ijipiti), France nevamwe. In yose iye akashanyira nyika anenge makumi matatu, apo akamirira kuti noushamwari chaizvo kugamuchirwa uye mijenya kuhwina.

pashure ndege

Somugumisiro kugara nzendo uye mitambo Yuri A. akarega kuita dzose mitambo uye scored anenge mapfumbamwe imwe kilogram. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubva muna 1961, apo Gagarin nendege muchadenga, akanga ari Air Force Engineering Academy ainzi pashure Zhukovsky, uye muna 1968 akatsigira dhipuroma ake.
Studies, uyewo kuwadzana nevamwe havana kusiya nguva yokuti chirimo tsika. Aiva mutevedzeri Supreme Council, nhengo Koshanda Central Committee, mukuru weDhipatimendi astronautics "Red Star", purezidhendi Soviet-Cuban Friendship Society, nhengo "Finland-USSR" uye honorary nhengo Academy of Astronautics.

Muna 1966, akatanga kushanda papurogiramu "Soyuz". Akanga basa understudy Komarova (uyo ndege hwakaguma zvinosuruvarisa pakupedzisira).

Pakapera 1967 kokutanga pashure apo Gagarin nendege muchadenga, akagura zvakare, asi yagara zvakaipa. Nokuda utungamiri ichi anofanira kunetseka, kwete kurasikirwa gamba. Gagarin kugona kubhururuka mumwe murwi ndege pachavo, asi ndakawana mirayiridzo kudzorera unyanzvi.

Rufu Gagarin

The njodzi, iro akauraya asitironati, pakava maviri namanomwe March 1968, kana akaita kudzidzirwa ndege ane ruzivo murayiridzi V. S. Sereginym.
Zvikuru akasika State Commission yakabereka mushumo pamusoro zvinokonzera kuparara-maviri namapfumbamwe mavhoriyamu, izvo Classified. Chete 2013, zvinyorwa tava riwanikwe nevoruzhinji. Zvakaitika kuti vezvikepe ari kutiza mapazi zvisiri pamutemo kubatikana neimwe ndege, kuti Su-15. Kuva gumi namashanu metres, akadzingira ndege Seregina uye Gagarin rive zononoka kubva zvavakanga vasina nguva kubuda.

upenyu Personal

Chirikadzi Yuri aigara dzisisngaoni venhau. Gare gare akapa yekutaura kuti mwanasikana, Galina, umo iye akati kwaari mai vakatambura nenhamo huru, kutaura kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti.

Apo Valentine (zita rake mudzimai Gagarin) kutanga aona Yura, iye haana kunyanya kufanana. Asi ake chivimbo zvishoma akahwina, uye muna 1958 iye akauya kwaari North, uko akapedza kutiza chikoro. Muna 1960, apo vakanga mumwe gore rimwe mwanasikana, mhuri yakatamira Moscow.

After Yuri Gagarin akabhururuka muchadenga, Valentina saha murume chete Red Square, uye voga vakakwanisa kugara mazuva mashomanana gare gare. The Vaviri haana vakakavadzana pamberi pavana, uye kana mumwe wavo vakauya, mumwe haana kupindira.

Zuva zvakatanga jimunasitikisi apo Yuri vose vakasimudza, pasi pamatanho, achidanidzira dzose dzokugara. Uchiraira yakatora maminitsi makumi mana. Valentine Zvisinei, haana zvinobatanidzwa, nekuti yakanga vakabatikana nezvimwe zvinonetsa.

Munguva Soviet, zvichida, akanga asiri munhu asingadi kuziva mugore chii Gagarin nendege muchadenga. Zvisinei, chizvarwa chevechiduku haadi kurangarira zvikuru. Handizive kana pane vanhu nhasi vasingazivi, apo Gagarin nendege muchadenga uye vangani vavo?