Louvre Museum (Paris, France): mapikicha uye kuongororwa kwevashanyi

The Louvre Museum ndiyo yakakura zvikuru yemabasa anokosha eumhizha. Nekukura uye kukosha kwezviratidzwa, inokwikwidza chete nemamwe mabhuku akawanda asingazivikanwi uye asingakurumbidziki: iHermitage, British and Cairo museums. The Louvre muParis ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakashanyira zvikuru. Kufanana neEiffel Tower, ino musamuki chiratidzo cheguta guru reFrance.

Chiratidzo pane zvakaitika kare

The Louvre Museum ine nhoroondo yakareba uye inofadza. Vaya vaifarira nhoroondo dzeAlexandre Dumas, vanoziva kuti mavari anogara achitaura, asi seimba yamambo. Zvechokwadi, kwemakore akawanda Louvre yaiva nzvimbo yemadzimambo eFrance.

Yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12 muzasi reSeine sechikamu chekudzivirira kudzivirira kuparadza kwevavengi panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Firipi Augustus. Gare gare, apo kutyisidzirwa kwekurwa kweguta kubva kune rumwe rutivi kwakapfuura, muLouvre, mufananidzo waro unogona kuonekwa pasi, wakashandiswa seimba yamambo. Masara emasvingo ekare anokwanisa kuonekwa mu museum.

Muzana remakore rechi16, kubatanidza kukuru kweimba yekare yakatanga. Mapapiro maviri aisungirirwa, uye yakange yakabatana neTuileries palace. Kwemakore mazana matatu anotevera, nzvimbo yeLouvre yakapetwa katatu. Muna 1871 panguva yezvakaitika zviitiko imba yeTuileries yaipiswa nevaParisiti vaipanduka. Nzvimbo dzakasara pamasheni zvino yava chikamu chemuzinda weku museum.

Pakupera kwezana remakore re XVII, Louis XIV akakurumidza kufarira muzinda wacho uye akasarudza kuzvivakira musha mutsva wekugara-Versailles. Iyo Louvre yakasikirwa zvachose, uye kubva panguva ino kune zvirevo zvekushandura iyo musamu. Nokuti ikozvino, mahofisi ehutungamiri uye studio dzevashandi vakanga vari mairi. Pamusangano wekuMusamende yakakurudzirwa kushandiswa neGreat Gallery, yaimbogadzira denga rakaiswa mukati mawo kuitira chiedza chakaisvonaka chezviratidzwa.

Zvinoshamisa Louvre - France yakagamuchira musimamende yakamirira kwenguva refu

Apo Mambo Louis XV weFrance yakanyorerwa kuti ichinje iyo Louvre uye nekugadzwa kwemu museum mairi. Kwenguva yekutanga masuo ayo akazarurirwa kune vashanyi muna 1793, panguva ye Great French Revolution. VaParis vakangoona vakakwanisa kuona zvakagadzirwa zvakanakisisa zvezvinhu zvemifananidzo zvevatongi vavo.

Mushure mokuuya kwesimba raNapoleon Bonaparte mune imwe nzvimbo yekare yekugara kwemadzimambo eFrance, basa rekuvaka zvakare rakashanda zvikuru - kuvakwa kwechamhembe kuchamhembe kwemu museum kwakatanga.

The Louvre Museum inonyanya kukonzerwa nekuonekwa kwayo kune mambo wekutanga weFrance - Napoleon Bonaparte.

Mutevedzeri wezvematongerwo enyika, akanzwisisa kukosha kweunyanzvi uye kuti ingakanganisa sei vanhu. Munguva yokutonga kwaNapoleon, yeLouvre Museum yakamutumidza zita rake. Kufamba muEgypt uye kuMabvazuva kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira hukuru hwakakura hwezvinhu zvekudhika kubva munzvimbo idzi dzenyika. Kufambisa kwekukunda kwemauto eMambo weFrance muEurope kwaiperekedzwa nekupambwa kwetsika dze tsika dzenyika dzakundwa. Zvisarudzo zvemasikirwo zvakasarudzwa zvakatsigira kuunganidza kwe Louvre. Mushure memugwagwa weWallloo, France yaifanira kudzorera zvimwe zvezvinhu.

Pashure pezviitiko zveParis Commune, ye Louvre (mufananidzo wemu museum unogona kuonekwa pasi apa) unowana zvinhu zvakajairika kune vose.

Nzvimbo yekutarisira, iyo yaiva mu Louvre, yakadzingwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakazosvika 1980, musumamende yakanga yakagadzirirwa zvivako zvakawanda zvezvivako. Panguva imwecheteyo, yekupedzisira kusvika pakugadzirisa kushandiswa kwenharaunda yakatanga.

Piramidi - inodiwa kana isingadiwi?

The Louvre Museum muParis yakagara iri mukurumbira nokuda kwekuti isiri yepamusoro uye nzira itsva. Muna 1985, basa rakatanga pakuvakwa kwemukova mutsva wekuvaka. Vakatungamirirwa nemuumbi wehupfumi Yo Ming Pei, uyo, maererano nebasa racho, vashanyi vaifanira kupinda mu Louvre kuburikidza negiramu yegirasi yakawanda iri muchivanze cheNapoleon. Tatu mapiramidi maduku, ari kurutivi rumwe, anoshumira sezviedza.

Pakutanga chirongwa chacho chakasangana nekuvenga nevaParisiti uye chakatsoropodzwa zvakasimba. Mushure mekuvakwa kwepiramidi yakapera, zvakazoitika kuti zvisingatarisirwi zvakabatana zvakapinda mumusangano wemu museum ndokuzvipa zvakapedzisira, zvinakanaka, asi panguva imwechete avant-garde kutarisa.

Chiratidziro chemuumbi (Cheops piramidi) uye chisarudzo chekuiswa kwayo muchivanze cheNapoleon chinomiririra - mutongi wekutanga wekuFrance akaita zvakawanda kuti aite Louvre museri wenhau yepasi rose, uye zvipfeko zvake zvaibva kuEgipita zvikava chikonzero cheimwe yezvikamu zvakanakisisa.

Iye zvino piramidi yakakurumbira yeLouvre yava imwe chiratidzo cheFrance, uye kukakavadzana pamusoro pekukosha kwayo hakuna kumira kusvikira ikozvino. Mumwe munhu anotenda kuti anonyomba museumamu pamwe naye pamberi-garde uye zvisingawanzoitiki, asi vazhinji veFrance vaifarira kusanganiswa kwezvitsva uye zvekare. Mafungiro evashanyi haana kukwana - piramidi inoita kuti vafare. Kubvira pakatanga, nhamba yegore negore yevakashanyira ku Louvre yakawedzera kazhinji.

Nheyo yekusungirirwa kwemu museum

Vatongi vakawanda veFrance vaiva mazano makuru uye vanyori vemaitiro. Vakanounganidza zvikomborero zvakanakisisa zvemifananidzo nemifananidzo. Iko, kutanga kwezvose, Francis I, uyo aifarira mutsika weRenaissance uye akazvikomberedza nemasayendisiti uye artists. Paakakumbira, Leonardo da Vinci akauya kuFrance, uyo akava shamwari yepedyo yemutongi. Vazhinji vanyori vanozivikanwa veRaissance rekupedzisira vakagadzira mifananidzo pamirairo yake. Zvinyorwa zveItaly, zvikurukuru "La Gioconda" da Vinci, zvakabatanidzwa mumusangano weLouvre nokuda kwaFrancis I. Zvimwe zvezviratidzwa zvaive mifananidzo yevatenzi vakakurumbira, vakatengwa naLouis XIV.

Nhamba huru yezvinhu zvinokosha zvakasimbiswa musamuziyamu munguva yehondo yekukunda Napoleonic France. Izvo pamusoro pekuunganidza kweEgipita.

Iye zvino pane mazana anenge mazana matatu ezvinhu zvekudhiridzira mu Louvre. Pakati idzi, vanosvika 35 000 vashanyi varipo. Vakawanda zviratidzo zvinongogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzekuchengetedza uye zvinogona kuonekwa kwenguva pfupi. Nokudaro, Louvre kazhinji inoronga zviratidzo zvakasarudzwa, izvo zvisingasviki zvinhu zvisiri zvezvinhu zvisingawanikwi kuonekwa nekusingaperi. Kuongorora kwevatariri pamusoro pavo nguva dzose vanonyanya kufarira.

Zviratidzo: kukohwa kwepasi rose

Kupfuura mahofisi ese e Louvre apo kushanyira musimamende hakugoneki. Kuongorora kwekuona kwezviratidzwa kwake kunotora mazuva anoverengeka. Kana zvikasakwanika, unogona kufambira mberi nenzira yacho kuitira kuti uve nenguva yekuona zvimwe zvinhu zvakakurumbira zvezvinhu zvakachengetwa mairi:

1. "Mona Lisa" inyanzvi yebasa ra Leonardo da Vinci. Uyu mufananidzo unovanza zvakavanzika zvinopfuura imwe. Kune avo vanozviona kwenguva yekutanga, kushamiswa uku ndiko kukura kwemukati.

2. Zvifananidzo zve Louvre - mari chaiye yevatenzi vekare. Asi pakati pavo kune unyanzvi husingaenzaniswi - Venus de Milo. Yakawanikwa muna 1820 pachitsuwa cheTurkey cheMilos (naizvozvo zita racho) uye yakanga isina kutumirwa kuFrance. Hurumende yeTurkey yakazozvidemba kuti yakabvumira chifananidzo kuti chidzoke zvakare.

3. Nike Samothrace mumwe muenzaniso wehutano husingaenzaniswi hwevaGiriki vemafirimu vekare. Kufanana neVenus de Milo, chifananidzo chacho chakaipa zvakanyanya, asi kunyange muchimiro ichi chinoshora vashanyi ku musamuziyamu nekunaka kwayo.

4. Mifananidzo yakakurumbira yaJacques Louis David - nyanzvi yevanyori vekutanga mambo weFrance - "The Coronation of Napoleon" yakakosha kuti ishandise nguva yake. Iyo yakanakisa tambo yakakura uye inotyisa mumwero wayo.

Ndekupi musimamende iripo

Inowanikwa mumoyo weParis, mune nharaunda yayo. Rivoli Street pamhenderekedzo yakarurama yeSeine - kune hurukuro yakakura yemuziyamu.

Nzira yekupinda nayo

Kushanyira France uye kusaona Louvre ikanganiso isingakanganwirwi kune munhu mutsika. Iyi musamuziyamu ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinotonyanya kukosha. Izvi zvinoreva mutsara makuru umo iwe unogona kurasikirwa nemaawa akawanda. Zvinokonzerwa nekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza: kutarisa zvikwata nehanindira, frame-metal detectors. Mitikiti kuLouvre inogona kutengwa pahofisi yetikiti yemu museum kana kusati kwaitika. Nzira yechipiri inonyanya kukoshesa, nokuti inokutendera kupfuura usina kumirira. Mitikiti yakatengwa nguva isati yasvika ine nguva isingagumi yemvumo, iyo inokubvumira kusarudza yekushanyira museum zuva ripi zvaro rakanaka. Kune avo vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere, kubvumirwa kusununguka.

Nzvimbo inozivikanwa musimamende mu cinema nemabhuku

Iyo Louvre ine tsika yakadaro yakakura yematongerwo enyika iyo iye pachake ave kwenguva yakave chinhu chinokurudzirwa. Nhamba huru yemifananidzo yakaiswa kuna iye, inotaurwa mumabasa akawanda emabhuku uye mafirimu. Muenzaniso wakajeka ibhuku rakazova rakanakisa, "Da Vinci Code" naDan Brown. Kutanga kwezviitiko zvose mukati maro zvakabatana zvakananga ne museum. Uye nyaya inopera apa.

The Louvre chikamu chechizvarwa chikuru chekare, chinonyatsochengetedza pfuma yeunyanzvi hwehutano hwevanhu.