DNA kuberekana - huru matanho

Replicating DNA - deoxyribonucleic asidhi biosynthesis. The mashoko biosynthesis DNA ndiyo adenosine, uye guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornaya asidhi kana ATP, GTP, CTP uye ttp.

DNA kuberekana

Biosynthesis kuitwa pamberi vanonzi "mbeu" - svinga pakati pachishandurwa chete-nezano deoxyribonucleic asidhi tiwedzere. Nokuva gombedzero anoita somunhu DNA polymerase. enzayemu ichi rinobatanidzwa kunovhengana pamusoro nucleotide residues. Mune miniti imwe, richibatanidza zvinopfuura 1,000 nucleotide residues. The nucleotide residues mune morekuru deoxyribonucleic iine acid chomudziyo interconnected 3 ', 5'-phosphodiester zvisungo. DNA polymerase catalyzes kuwedzera mononucleotides residues kune vakasununguka 3-hydroxyl magumo-kushandurwa deoxyribonucleic acid. First synthesized duku chikamu morekuru reDNA. Ivo mhindu pachavo kuti zvinoitwa DNA ligase kuumba refu zvimedu deoxyribonucleic acid. Both zvimedu vari vemunyika vari muchitokisi nuclei. Kushandurwa deoxyribonucleic asidhi rinoshandiswa sezvo pfungwa nekukura ramangwana DNA molecules uye ari zvakare munhu chizvaro riri kuumbwa ane antiparallel remudunhu deoxyribonucleic asidhi riri rinochinjwa pamwe DNA ndiyo akafanana nemamiriro placement pamusoro nucleotide kutevedzana kwezviitiko residues. Kuberekana DNA kunoitika munguva interphase mitotic sero nokupesana. Deoxyribonucleic asidhi iri kusimbiswa muna okutodza uye chromatin. Yatangwa single- deoxyribonucleic asidhi vakaumba zvayo chesekondari uye tertiary ezvirevo. Two tambo zviri deoxyribonucleic asidhi vari interconnected ne rehydrogen zvisungo zviri complementarity utongi. DNA kuberekana kunoitika muchitokisi nuclei.

Pictures akasiyana kuti biosynthesis pamusoro RNA kwemarudzi uye simba-akapfuma remubatanidzwa ndiye ATP, GTP, CTP uye ttp. Ribonucleic asidhi anogona synthesized pakuri kubatanidzwa mumwe wevatatu zvimedu: DNA-zvaanoda RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases uye RNA-nemataundi RNA polymerase. Chokutanga yezvizvi huri nuclei masero ose rakazaruka uyewo vari mitochondria. RNA akanga synthesized uri DNA template pamberi ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mangan uye Magnesium ions. Yakabudiswa RNA Morekuru nopindirana kuti DNA template. To DNA kuberekana kwakaitika nuclei vari kuumbwa S.-RNA, t-RNA uye RNA-RNA uye priming. matatu okutanga zvifambiswe kusvika cytoplasm, apo ivo urimowo mapuroteni biosynthesis.

DNA kuberekana kunoitika anenge uyewo shanduro deoxyribonucleic acid. Kutapukirwa uyewo Kuchengetedzwa yokugara ruzivo rinoitwa matanho maviri: transcription uye shanduro. Chii zviratidzo? Gene - pfuma Unit, inova chikamu mamorekuru ose deoxyribonucleic asidhi (RNA mune dzimwe utachiona). Huri okutodza foni nuclei. Genetic mashoko chinopfuudzwa kubva DNA Via RNA kuti mapuroteni. Transcription rinoitwa mu muchitokisi musimboti uye ndowenyika kwetunhu mRNA pamusoro zvikamu deoxyribonucleic asidhi mamorekuru. Zvinofanira akati kuti kutevedzana kwezviitiko deoxyribonucleic asidhi nucleotides "rewritten" iri nucleotide kutevedzana pamusoro Morekuru uye RNA. RNA polymerase wanamatira kune runoenzanirana DNA mugove, "unwinds" ayo kaviri akamonyoroka marongerwo uye kutevedzera deoxyribonucleic asidhi nucleotides nokuti vakaiisa musimboti complementarity. Sezvo misha chinyorwa synthesized RNA beach runoita kubva chizvaro, uye miviri-nezano DNA shure enzayemu pakarepo rakadzorerwa. Kana RNA polymerase parichasvika kumugumo uye mugove vakakopa zvinofamba kubva RNA template mu karyoplasm ipapo zvinofamba mukati cytoplasm, apo zvinoda mugove mapuroteni biosynthesis.

Panguva yenhepfenyuro placement nucleotide kutevedzana ari Morekuru uye RNA rinoshandurwa mugomba kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino asidhi residues ari puroteni Morekuru. Izvi rinowanikwa muna cytoplasm uye RNA ikashandiswa uye akaumba polysomes.