Tin aro zvivako, netini mhangura

Tin - a fuma runotaurwa chiratidzo uye Sn kungova boka chiedza simbi. Chaiye (nzvimbo) tembiricha asingadi sei pamwe kana yakachena kana mvura. Nokufamba kwenguva, kukwanisa kufukidza chaiyo firimu, iro inodzivirira simbi kubva ngura.

The arambe achirema kuti gaba ndiyo 20 ° C, 7,3 giremu pa cubic sendimita, panguva utsotso pana ambient tembiricha (231,9 ° C) - 6,98 magiramu muzana cubic sendimita.

Tin rinoratidza zvinotevera oxidation rinoti: +2, +4. Vakawanda pamwero 4, asi ane mwero gaba 2 ane simba achidzikisa zvaanoda.

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, tini akatsiga kusvikira okisijeni uye mvura pa nzvimbo tembiricha, asi zvisinei oxidize anogona - at tembiricha pamusoro 150 ° C.

Nenharo gaba ikasakendenga navazhinji non-nesimbi vanogona sei pamwe sulfuric acid, asi chete kana pfungwa.

In kuitisa zvakaitwa pakati netini kuisa nitric asidhi akava maitiro hunhu vasiri nesimbi, inoumbwa maitiro gaba acid.

Anogona sei pamwe alkalis rakasanganiswa nemvura nokuda muchidziisa netini hydroxide iri yaora kupinda oxide uye mvura.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana, tini vakawana kwete zvakafanana siyana, somugumisiro utsotso uye wokunatswa gaba esimbi.

Tin mhangura kunokosha chaizvo kuti munhu, kunyange dererei Zvisaririra. MuRussia, chikuru rwangu mhangura iri riri Eastern Siberia, uyewo vanogona kuwanikwa gaba yokuYakutia.

The inonyanya gaba mhangura muchimiro netini ibwe, aizivikanwawo cassiterite. Anofungidzirwa kuti cassiterites vokutanga akawanikwa panguva Homer, uye dzawanikwa mu Greece - nekuti shoko cassiterite ndiye Greek mavambo.

Ungangove, tini ibwe kwave anodzorerwa netini netsaona, uye wakanaka simbi uchifarira zvikuru kuvanhu. Asi zviri pachena kuti zvakanga zvisingawanzoitiki uye zvinodhura - pakati kupukunyuka Greek uye Antiquities weRoma mugaba zvinhu zvaitika, asi kashoma.

Pari netini haasi kukodzera mari yakawanda, asi ikozvino zvigadzirwa akaita izvozvo chaizvo zvisingawanzoitiki.

Deposits kuti gaba ibwe akawana mhando mbiri: nesekondari. Chokutanga gaba mhangura rwuripowo girenayiti nezvimwe matombo, uye chechipiri ndiye zviyo diki, hwakakanyiwa nevhu.

For yakaisvonaka simbi gaba mhangura unonyauka rinokosha muovheni kwemazuva matatu, zvichiteverwa resimbi singi. Chii kunakidza, kana iwe tanga kupinda zvaimutambisira mugomba gang, netini ishoma, uye kana netini runoyerera pakarepo, achisiya gang, mari ndiyo yakakura zvakakwana.

gaba Kwakachena - yakanaka, silvery-chena, nyoro simbi - rinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji. Pairi dzinoitwa madhishi, chikafu netini, chinwiwa midziyo. Uyewo, chicherwa chikamu solder uye yokuvirisa, rinoshandiswa yokunamisa nyaya dzakawanda simbi. Netini bemhapemha ndiko kuchengetedza nyaya kubva ngura uye kuvandudza ayo chitarisiko.

Uyezve, gaba zviri nyore kuti vaumbe alloys akasiyana nevamwe nesimbi, izvo zvinosanganisira zvose anozivikanwa uye sezvo yendarira. Uyezve, tini, zvemakemikari ehupfumi izvo pasina mubvunzo kushamisa, anokwanisa pokubatana chiwanikwa pamwe kabhoni - mune mamwe mashoko ane organometallic akakura.

Basa organometallic (zvimwe - organotin) yeimwe yakakwirira kwazvo: kushandiswa mune zvaAtemisi stabilizers nokuda PVC, zvokurima makemikari, pendi huni.

Uyezve, dzimwe gaba alloys inoshandiswa kuderedza flammability uye toxicity utsi kwakaita panguva combustion kuti mapurasitiki zhinji uye muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari.