Katyamadza hwemvura turbine

Ndiani "mwoyo", unopa upenyu kune vakawanda murume-muchina ndicho chinhu womukati injini (Ice). Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nguva dzose.

Kubva kare kupa

Pamberi Nguva womukati injini kwenguva refu, pakona muzvigadzirwa mberi aiva hwemvura turbine. Izvi ndozvazvakaita chisingawanzowaniki apo nokugadzirwa akawanikwa kuti saka kubudirira kuti kuramba kushandiswa nhasi, kunyange ane vanoverengeka kuvandudza. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa iri vaviri kuti hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa chiutsi turbines uye chaiwo motokari (zvakafanana locomotive). Vane zvakasiyana kushanda musimboti, uye kushanda zvakanaka kuri isingaenzaniswi.

Steam turbine. kuvamba

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yokutanga nguva turbine kwakadaro kwakatanga uye rakatangwa muna simbi Swede P. Laval. Kare muna 1889 kwaidiwa kuti anobudirira injini mukaka separator, kukwanisa kusika kutenderera nokumhanya nokumukirana dzinenge 100 pasekondi yoga yoga. Nheyo nokushanda turbine raiva nyore: pamusoro pemvura wakaiswa kuti humburumbira akabatana pakati chipande woiswa rikarova ndege kubva chaipisa chiutsi kubva kunze pamberi bhaira. The zvinogona nesimba vaviri tinoshandurirwa kinetic simba, zvichiita humburumbira kuti tenderera. Laval empirically kwatemwa kuti Tinonyanya vakawana kana aibuda chiutsi richapukunyuka kubudikidza cône serin'i kamwene, pane kururamisa sepombi.

Zvisinei, munhu anozivikanwa hwemvura turbine wokuEngland C. A. Parsons. Akava koda kufanana Laval, asi kwete chete hwakavandudzika, asiwo wafungidzira zvakabatana kuti remagetsi (zvikabva yazvino ezvinhu GD).

Muna 1894, iye akasika chikepe, rinosundwa injini tichifunga hwemvura turbine (kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza inenge 60 km / h). Pfungwa rakabudirira zvokuti pashure 1900 vakawanda warships vakanga vakapakata zvakafanana injini.

nguva yedu

Chokwadi, sezvo chakatangwa uye wokutanga hwemvura turbine womuenzaniso kwave akagadziridzwa, uye magadzirirwo zvainovhiringidzawo zvinopedzwa. Classical hwemvura turbine hurongwa zvinosanganisira zvinoriumba maviri: a wakaiswa stator pamwe mokugezera uye kutenderera rotor chikwata (humburumbira) pamwe mashizha muNzvimbo kwayo dzimba. Zvichienderana kutungamirirwa hwemvura inofamba kusiyanisa mhando mbiri rotor kuvaka - TOUR uye axial. Aimbova ndivo Zvisaririra chepakutanga mhinduro: ivo vaviri kupararira Vector perpendicular kuti humburumbira akabatana, uye Vanes zvinofanana nayo. Mugore axial mirayiridzo vaviri rinobatana akabatana, uye kutenderera ari vanowanika nokuda chinokosha wezwi iri mashizha.

More zvokufambisa kushandisa simba may vakaroorana kuti chiutsi turbines wandei sepombi (multihull). Zvisinei, nokuda yainetsa hunhu uye kunzwisisa akagadzira apo avo kushandiswa iri mari mhosva yakadaro mhinduro anoshandiswa. Sepombi housings kunogona riri pamusoro vanhuwo akabatana uye kuva mechanically yakazvimirira. Negadziriro zvisimbiso diaphragms kudzivirira zvemamiriro kushanda yose ino (the zvokunze mhepo yaunodya, kuti leakage hwemvura pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda madhigirii uye nezvimwewo.).

Kukura hwemvura turbine michina

Yakaderera kwevari dzvinyiriro hwemvura uye pasi simba turbine dzenhoroondo insufficiently kunobudirira. Vakatsiviwa hwemvura sikuruwa muchina. budiriro iyi Russian wechisikigo Kushanduka muenzaniso yepakutanga. Inside dzimba vari akaronga rotors pamwe helical lobes. The kuuya hwemvura anozadza nzvimbo pakati pameno anotevera screws, pane turnover uye zvakare chikafu kwamira. Uyezve, mhango mugove chiutsi anobudiswa riri kuwedzerwa anoita basa vachishandisa kutenderera sikuruu rotor. zvakagadzirwa ichi rinobvumira nani kushandisa kuchengetwa simba chiutsi.