Alpha nemwaranzi

Imwe mhando nemwaranzi yenyukireya, izvo zvinoshanda zvinenge zvose Parizvino rizivikanwe marudzi sayenzi mhando nemafungu, nezvimedu, ndiye Alpha nemwaranzi. Panobva Fani iyi anoita somunhu dzinongoitika kana artificially akasika (vakafurira) radioactivity. The mhando radioactivity iri initialized uye anobuda nomuzvarirwo kunzi dzinongoitika radioactivity zvayo "nhengo" - mumwe musimboti ane kusagadzikana womukati kutaurirana pakati zvepakutanga tudonhwe musimboti. Somuenzaniso, mashoko nuclei vakadaro radioactive zvinhu zvakadai uranium exchange kana Radium-235 anogona nomuzvarirwo emit Arifa, Beta uye wegamma inoramba. Saizvozvowo, pane uye mhando renyukireya mwaranzi: Arifa nemwaranzi, Beta nemwaranzi uye wegamma-nemwaranzi.

Zvisinei, ongororo dzakaratidza kuti Arufa nezvimedu zvinoitika hazvikuvadzi muviri nokuti vane zvakakwana kumhanya, vane vade rakapinza okufunga. Izvi hazvigoni akati mamwe marudzi nezvimedu - positrons, maerekitironi, Beta nezvimedu, vane kukuru simba raizoshandiswa, saka, zvakawanda rakapinza. Sezvo mukuru-kakawanda mwaranzi, wegamma nezvimedu, vane yakakwirira zvikuru kupinda mano uye upenyu pangozi.

Muchidimbu, Arufa nemwaranzi - rudzi ionizing mwaranzi, inova kwatangwa kana rinotungamirirwa Rwizi chokwadi mhosva nezvimedu kuva mukuru velocity uye kwemisha simba zvinogona.

Pachishandiswa aripo zuva zivo mumunda renyukireya simba, chikuru manyuko yeAlpha mwaranzi ndiyo radioactive isotopes pakati zvinhu kuti vane pokuwa pfuma nokuda kwekuneta maatomu zvisungo emit Arifa inoramba iri nedanho kuora ichi.

Sezvambotaurwa, chikuru chinhu Arifa mwaranzi, izvo kusiyanisa nevamwe mhando nemwaranzi yenyukireya, ndiye simba ravo vade rakapinza. Izvi rinotsanagurwa nokuti inoramba vane kumhanya, uye saka ionization nzira ivo akunde nokukurumidza. Munzira, "vachitevera" Arufa nezvimedu vanokwanisa pakusika chinokosha nhamba ions kuti vanoumba, akavapindurawo, yakakwirira ionization arambe achirema.

Kuvapo hombe ionization arambe achirema anosarudza zvipenyu kubudirira Arifa mwaranzi, izvo anenge gumi nguva kupfuura kuti kuchengetwa pamwe X-ray nemwaranzi. chiito chakadaro pasi kwevanhu muviri kunoratidzwa pakuti nokuda mukuru nokukurumidza nzira ayo pechiso zvingaitika kutsva. Kana Arifa-zvacho mukati mumuviri, semuenzaniso, kubudikidza muromo kana akazaruka maronda, ipapo dzakapararira muviri achibatsirwa ropa riyerere. Muchiitiko ichi pane zvemukati irradiation.

Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa Arifa mwaranzi mukurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zviri maitirwo dzinonzi Alpha mishonga.

Mumuviri makemikari yezvakaita Chiitiko yeAlpha mwaranzi ndechokuti ions zvinoberekwa kwemutemo Arifa nezvimedu nokukurumidza kushandisa simba rayo vangangova, pashure iyo ions izvi tinoshandurirwa kupfuura munhuwo nehelium maatomu. Saka, tinogona kutaura pamusoro mberi mune chaivo munyama kwevanhu muviri radiochemical siyana. Maitiro aya kubvumira kushandisa Arifa mwaranzi kwezvokurapa zvinangwa, nokuti yakaumbwa mukufamba isotopes - radon, thoron, ane pfupi hwake uye haagoni kukonzera zvakawanda kukuvadza muviri achiita zvaidiwa yakasimbiswa yakachengeteka chipimo chemushonga nezvimwe matanho okuzvidzivirira.

Huru nzira panguva Alpha kurapa zvinosanganisira basa radon kugeza, kushanda radioactive Arifa-anorumanya vawirwa nenjodzi womuviri, kushandiswa radon mvura, inhalation kuti radon-mupfumi mhepo.

Matanho aya kunobatsirawo pamusoro huta uye zvemwoyo hurongwa, vane marwadzo uye Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro.

Kuzivikanwa nzvimbo vanoshingaira kushandiswa Alpha mishonga pakurapa. zvinangwa ndivo plesieroorde pamusoro Pyatigorsk, Tskhaltubo, Brambach uye dzimwe nzvimbo uko dzinongoitika manyuko radon.