Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Brief Biography Butlerova AM

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, pfupi Biography iyo zvinowanikwa zvinenge zvose mabhuku wekemisitiri - yakakurumbira Russian kemisiti, muvambi chikoro esayenzi makemikari kemisitiri, muvambi dzidziso sechivako Organic yeimwe, vakafanotaura uye akatsanangura isomerism vakawanda Organic yeimwe uye synthesized vamwe vavo (methenamine, formaldehyde polymer uye pr.). Uyewo, Alexander, vane mupiro zvesayenzi akarumbidza D. I. Mendeleev, akanyorwa mabasa pamusoro nyuchi uye kurima.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: pfupi Biography

musayendisiti The ramangwana akaberekwa September 15, 1828 mumhuri aimbova nemauto, panguva iyoyo, muridzi. baba vake Mikhail chaibatanidzwa 1812 hondo, uye mushure yokurega mhuri yake yaigara yemadzitateguru musha Butlerovka. Amai, Sophia Alexandrovna, akafa ava nemakore 19, pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa. Ake pauduku kupedzerwa Butlerovke Alexander uye sekuru vake bwedu - musha Podlesnaya Shantala, uko vanatete pamusoro dzidzo. At makore 10 mukomana wemakore akatumwa kuti chebhodhin'i kuchikoro private, kwaakanga Inoziva French uye German. Muna 1842, pashure zvinotyisa moto Kazan, bhodhi yakavharwa, uye Sasha hwakatamisirwa 1 ST Kazan jimunasiyamu. kuunganidza zvipembenene zvinomera, kufarira zvakasimba mune kemisitiri uye kuitwa kuedza ake yokutanga muzvikoro izvi Butlerov. Mugumisiro mumwe wavo aiva kuputika, uye chirango zvaakaitira Alexander - ". Zviri kemisiti kukuru" mhedziso iri kutonhora ane nebheji pachipfuva chake,

mudzidzi makore

Muna 1844, Butlerov A. M., ane Biography ari zvapararira nokuda kemisitiri, akava mudzidzi paUniversity of Kazan, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva musimboti yepanyama kwesainzi. Pakutanga, mukomana akatakurirwa zvemhuka uye bhotani, asi zvino ake kufarira pasi pokudzora hurukuro KK Klaus uye N. N. Zinina chakapararira kemisitiri. On zano ravo vechiduku vakaronga musha rabhoritari, asi musoro tenzi wacho, zvichida nokuti Zinin akatamira St. Petersburg, paiva kungozvifunga.

Ndapedza kubva yunivhesiti muna 1849 Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, izvo akateterera N. I. Lobachevsky uye K. K. Klaus, akazvipira kudzidzisa uye zvokuita panyaya jogirafi, wefizikisi uye kemisitiri. Uye Alexander aiva shasha anoziva, kukwanisa kubata vateereri ratidza kuonga zvachose kuti zvakajeka uye nehasha. Kuwedzera hurukuro payunivhesiti Butlerov zvokuita pachena iripo. zvesimba izvi Kazan vateereri dzimwe nguva vanosarudza mufashoni chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo. Vakagamuchira dhigirii tenzi muna 1851, ndiye gore akaroora Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - muzukuru Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. Iye akadzivirira ake doctorate chinyorwa muna 3 makore Moscow State University pamusoro waiti "On the zvinokosha anonhuwirira." Pashure paizvozvo akasarudzwa muna inoshamisa Kazan University, makore mashoma gare gare muzvinadzidzo rizere kemisitiri. Kubva 1860 kusvika 1863 pamusoro zvaanoda miviri Kuita Rector, kuti principalship aiva panzvimbo yakaoma yenhoroondo ari kuyunivhesiti: Curtin mariro uye bezdna nokusagadzikana yakakanganisa vadzidzi uye professorial marongerwo.

Trip kuti Europe

Alexander vaiitawo vachishingaira mu mabasa Economic Society weguta Kazan, yakabudiswa nyaya zvokurima, bhotani uye floriculture. Biography Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich ane nzendo nhatu kunze, okutanga yakaitika muna 1857-1858 gg. musayendisiti Russian akashanyira Europe, apo akanga ari zvemakemikari indasitiri uye akasangana achitungamirira namakemikari mumarabhoritari. Mune mumwe wavo, muParis, Akashanda anenge mitanhatu. Panguva iyoyowo Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich akateerera mharidzo akakurumbira pfungwa European sezvo Becquerel, E. Mitscherlich, J. van Liebig, Bunsen RV, uye akaita nekuvazikanwi pamusoro Friedrich August Kekule - German kemisiti.

On paakadzokera Kazan Butlerov AM, ane Biography iri kufarira kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kumwe, mudzoke makemikari rabhoritari, uye nokuramba zveBhaibheri pamusoro methyl akatangira Wurtz. Muna 1858, musayendisiti akawana nzira itsva synthesizing methyl iodide, uye akaita nhamba mabasa chokuita kuzoita nomukaka ayo. Mune kwetunhu methylene diacetate waiva formaldehyde polymer - saponification zvinobikwa pafuma, migumisiro kwakaita wakanga hexamethylenetetramine uye metileninat. Saka, Butlerov wokutanga zvachose kwetunhu yakabereka shuga.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: zvishoma pamusoro nebudiriro musayendisiti

Muna 1861 Butlerov yakaitwa Homan, panguva Congress of vanachiremba German uye masayendisiti, pamwe hurukuro "On makemikari maumbirwo kwenyaya", iro hwakavakirwa kujairirana mamiriro wekemisitiri kunze kuvakunda kufarira kunyatsogona kemisitiri kubva yokungotaura nemaonero uye yake kuedza anobudiswa nokuti basa zvose yesayenzi. dzidziso yake, raisanganisira pfungwa mano inotungamirwa kumaketeni kabhoni emaatomu ezvinhu A. Cooper uye Valence A. Kekule, vachifunga makemikari Zvivako mamorekuru, naro nzira remubatanidzwa musayendisiti vakanzwisisa maatomu pakati pachavo zvichienderana dzakananga chitsama makemikari simba (sungano), mumwe mamirire atomu.

zvinokosha dzidziso Butlerov

Masayendisiti Russian vawana hwepedyo yechivako chacho uye zvemakemikari zvivako kunzwisisa Organic yeimwe pane kukwanisa kutsanangura isomerism vazhinji vavo, kusanganisira pentanes vatatu, vaviri isomeric butanes, siyana alcohols. Uyewo Butlerov dzidziso zvaiita kuti kufanotaura zvinogona zvemakemikari kurapwa uye tsanangura navo.

Saka, muna dzidziso yake Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:

• akaratidza kukundikana hwaivapo panguva Chemistry dzidziso;
• Akasimbisa revane kukosha maatomu pfungwa;
• kunotsanangurwa namakemikari mamiriro sezvo kuparadzira mauto sungano isiri maatomu, apo maatomu achifurira (zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga) kune mumwe, vari chokuita makemikari marudzi;
• 8 Rudzi mitemo yakajeka makemikari;
• kutanga akateerera musiyano pakati reactivities ose dissimilar yeimwe, nokuda rezasi kana rokumusoro simba nako maatomu zvakabatana, uyewo kukwana kana zvachose zvekushandisa sungano vezvikwata pakuumba zvisungo.

mberi Scientific Russian kemisiti

Biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha muchidimbu inotsanangurwa mabhuku, pamwe mazuva ake upenyu uye mukurusa nokubudirira mune zvesayenzi. Nokuda Russian musayendisiti kuwanda kuedza zvakagadzirirwa kuzosimbisa dzidziso yake. Scientist, pre-synthesized, kuzivikanwa muna 1864, sechivako tertiary butyl doro muna 1866 - isobutane, muna 1867 - isobutylene. Akadzidzawo vanoverengeka maumbirwo ethylene uye kabhoni yakabereka polymerization yavo.

Muna 1867-1868 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, pfupi Biography iri zvechokwadi kufarira masayendisiti munyika yose, iye akagadzwa purofesa wekemisitiri pa St. Petersburg University. Kupa chikwata chake sangano iri, Mendeleev akasimbisa mavambo Butlerov kudzidzisa, kwete kuwedzera womumwe basa, asi ndezvaiye pachake.

Muna 1869 Butlerov vakagaramo muSt Petersburg, apo iye akasarudzwa kunoshamisa, uye ipapo vanhuwo academician of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Nguva muupenyu St. Petersburg aiva chaizvo: purofesa akaramba kuedza ake, wakanaka Tuning dzidziso kwemakemikari mamiriro, kubatanidzwa muupenyu paruzhinji.

Interests muupenyu musayendisiti

Muna 1873, akatanga kudzidza nezvenhoroondo kemisitiri , uye zvokuita panyaya iyi. Ndakanyora wokutanga munhoroondo management yesayenzi, uchifungidzira kwemakemikari maumbirwo - ". Nhanganyaya kudzidza makemikari kemisitiri zvakakwana" Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov ndiye muvambi wechikoro kuti maKemisiti Russian, akadana zvimwe "Butlerov chikoro." In kufanana nokudzidza kemisitiri iri vachishingaira kufarira kurima. Zvikurukuru, aifarira kurima tii kuCaucasus, mapindu uye nyuchi. Kabhuku ake "sei kudzinga nyuchi" uye "Bee, upenyu hwake uye zvikuru mirayiro musoro nenyuchi" kakawanda republished, uye magazini "Russian nyuchi pepa" sezvo rakaumbwa muna 1886.

Muna 1880-1883 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, pfupi Biography kuti rakazara zvinonakidza uye zvinokosha matongo nokuda nesayenzi, aiva purezidhendi weRussia Physico-rwokugadzira munharaunda. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, musayendisiti zvikuru vanofarira kwazvo mweya wamasvikiro, uyo akasangana muna Aksakov kuti kuchamuka muna 1854. Gare gare, Russian kemisiti achisonganira wake muzukuru Aksakovym A. N., rakabudiswa Journal of mweya wamasvikiro "zvendangariro Research" uye hotly akadzivirira asati mhosva Nevazikanwi vake neshamwari dzake chido.

Kukosha mabasa Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha mu kemisitiri

The yokurega Alexander aifanira kusiya muna 1875, pashure pemakore 25 ebasa. Council of St. Petersburg University vabva kaviri ichi izwi 5 makore. Wokupedzisira hurukuro Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova yakaitwa March 14, 1885. utano hwake vakakundikana, vasanyanya nokuda zvikuru basa chesayenzi uye kuwadzana nevamwe: pakarepo Butlerof akafa yavatezvara August 5, 1886. Nyanzvi akavigwa mumusha kumakuva chizvarwa Butlerovki, ikozvino defunct, mumhuri chapel.

Butlerova basa muupenyu hwake akapiwa yose pamutemo, chikoro chake kwesayenzi anonzi chinokosha kukura kemisitiri kuRussia, uye Biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha ndiye kufarira nyanzvi uye vadzidzi zvechokwadi. Alexander pachake akanga inofadza chaizvo uye ichiita mabasa akawanda murume ane kudzifarira, sedzisingasaruri, hunhu hwakanaka uye anozvideredza nemafungiro vadzidzi.