Electrolysis mvura. Chii muitiro uye nei uchifanira nayo

Akadana electrolysis kunyanya physico-makemikari mutoo apo mvura kana, mune mamwe mazwi, iyo electrolyte rinotsemuka kupinda akanaka uye kunaka ions. Izvi zvinoitika pasi pokudzora magetsi. Saka, anotora izvi?

Electrolysis mvura kunoitika nokuti kuti Magetsi nomunyika electrolyte kunokonzera maitiro panguva electrodes, ayo rakachengetedzwa uye zvakanaka uye kunaka ions. Panguva isakarurama mhosva electrode (cathode) vari iiswe cations ukuwo, mune zvakanaka (anode) - anions. The electrolyte anogona kuva mvura, kuti icho asidhi iri akawedzera, kana ane munyu. Disintegration munyu simbi uye iine acid vasara kunoitika pashure electrolyte iri vakayambuka magetsi. Mhosva dzakanaka magetsi simbi wakanyatsokodzera kuti cathode (isakarurama mhosva electrode), kureva kuti simbi anonzi nokuo- nga. Acid vakasara, mumwe isakarurama mhosva, kunoita kuti anode (the chokwadi mhosva electrode), uye anonzi anion. Electrolysis inoita okutambirwa munyu vari zvakanaka kucheneswa okunze, saka ari zvinowanzoshandiswa matavi siyana indasitiri ano.

Electrolysis kwemvura kunokosha nhasi, sezvo zviuru mabhizimisi vanoshandisa mvura kuti munhu zvokukura kwayo kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti pashure vakawanda kwemasayendisiti vari kuitwa mabhizimisi, mvura pashure kushandiswa inova nengozi vanhu nemhuka Urume. Water electrolysis rinoshandiswa kuti wastewater kurapwa, izvo haafaniri kupinda muvhu kana tsime remvura yakachena. wastewater ichi zvinofanira kucheneswa kutadzisa imwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza njodzi, mukana chiri kare chaizvo mukuru munyika dzakawanda Russia.

Nhasi kune nzira dzakawanda electrolysis mvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira electroextraction, electrocoagulation uye electroflotation. Electrolysis kwemvura inoshandiswa rokuchenesa wastewater, kugadzirwa electrolysis mumasero. Ava anokosha zvivako, umo Organic zvinhu zviri yaora kupinda nesimbi, acids uye zvimwe zvinhu zvaiva muchikwata che inorganic mavambo. Kukosha wastewater kurapwa mune ngozi maindasitiri akadai kwemakemikari maindasitiri, apo pane kushanda nendarira uye kutungamirira, uyewo miti, uchibereka pendi, lacquers, enamels. Chokwadi, ichi hachisi nzira yakachipa pashiri achinatsa mvura uchishandisa electrolysis, asi mari chokuita kurapwa mvura, haufaniri kupinda chero kuenzanisa dzoutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza mupfungwa.

An dzinonakidza chokwadi, asi zvinoita kuti tiite electrolysis mvura mumba. Izvi hazvirevi kutora nguva yakawanda uye mari uye kuchaita kuti kugadzirwa okisijeni uye rehydrogen. In mugaba remvura, sezvamakaropafadzwa pre-ichiputswa munyu (munyu zvakakodzera kutora asina kutapudza ¼ Vhoriyamu mvura), electrodes vaviri kusiyiwa. Vanogona kuitwa chero simbi. The electrodes chokuita kuti simba wedzerai ine simba kuitika vanenge 0.5 A. Mune rimwe electrodes vakaumba matema, izvo zvinoratidza kuti electrolysis mvura mudzimba ezvinhu kubudirira. Nzira iyi inogona kuwana caustic pasoda, kuiisa chlorine, uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana, zvichienderana zviri electrolyte. Plasma rinoshandiswa mvura electrolysis plazmoteplolizerah. Izvi Newest mudziyo ano anodawo modes yeplasma electrolysis nemvura yaro zvakananga kudziyisa dzimwe tembiricha. Plasma electrolysis mvura runoita kuti pave mhando itsva simba, iyo zuva zvakawanda vanoda mumunhu. The simba kuti inogona kugadzirwa kubva mumvura, achapa mukana kusika itsva, njodzi uye inobudirira mhando simba zvinyorwa. The mananara yeplasma electrolysis mvura haisati ainyatsonzwisisa, asi vane vimbiso huru uye saka kuzviita vakadzidza nenyanzvi ano.