X-nemwaranzi

Maekisirei, kubva pfungwa nemaonero wefizikisi, riri remagetsi nemwaranzi, ane wavelength kunosiyana-siyana mune zvakawanda kubva 0,001 kusvika 50 nanometers. It rakaonekwa muna 1895 maererano German yefizikisi V.K.Rentgenom.

Pachisikirwo, mwaranzi aya anesungano rezuva ultraviolet nemwaranzi. Mune chakarondedzera iri gwenya ranzi wakarebesa redhiyo mafungu vari. Shure kwavo kuri michini chiedza kuti maziso edu musaonesesa, asi tinonzwa sezvo kupisa. Next pakauya mwaranzi kubva tsvuku kuti Violet. Zvadaro - UV (A, B uye C). Uye zvakarurama shure kwake ari maekisirei uye wegamma mwaranzi.

X- nemwaranzi (maekisirei) kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri: kana braking mumashoko ari kuremedzwa nezvimedu uye maerekitironi ari kuchinja kubva kumusoro akaturikidzana pamusoro mukati pamwe kwebhuku simba kupfuura therethrough.

Kusiyana chiedza chinooneka, mwaranzi izvi vane guru chaizvo kureba, saka vanokwanisa munhumbi opaque zvokuvakisa, asina akaratidza, refracted, uye kwete pasina kuunganidza mavari.

Bremsstrahlung nyore. Mhosva nezvimedu panguva braking emit remagetsi nemwaranzi. Kunokonzera kumhanyisa pamusoro nezvimedu saka rakapinza braking, kunokonzera vanowanika X-ray nemwaranzi yaro wavelength kunova duku. Muzviitiko zvizhinji mune tsika pekuhwa- nda ranzi chizvarwa panguva deceleration kuti maerekitironi mune zvinhu zvakaoma. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kudzora anokonzera mwaranzi, kudzivisa ngozi nemwaranzi yokuwana nekuti maekisirei Zvibvisike zvachose kana simba dzikaita kure.

Vakawanda tsime nemwaranzi kwakadaro - X-ray chubhu. It chaibwinya nemwaranzi haisi yunifomu. It aripo uye akapfava (refu wave) uye vanachandagwinyira (pfupi-wave) nemwaranzi. Soft kunoratidzwa ndechokuti wefodya zvachose muviri, saka ndicho X-ray kukuvara nemwaranzi kunounza kaviri pane oma. Kana kunyanyisa remagetsi irradiation mune nyama dzevanhu ionization anogona kukuvadza masero uye DNA.

Tube - mumwe Vacuum chubhu ine electrodes maviri - akaipa cathode uye zvakanaka anode. Kana kudziyisa of cathode sasana kwazviri maerekitironi, ipapo vari nokukurumidza mune wemagetsi mumunda. Atarisana hwakasimba anodes, vanotanga chinovhiringidza riri anoteverwa akabuda remagetsi mwaranzi.

X-nemwaranzi vane ehupfumi vari zvinowanzoshandiswa mushonga, chakavakirwa pakuwana mumvuri mufananidzo bvunzo chinhu pamusoro inonyatsoshanda sikirini. Kana chirwere muviri chivhenekere danda kubva dzakafanana mwaranzi, ari fungidziro nomumvuri muviri kuti achapiwa chinopfuudzwa pasina kukanganiswa (proportionally). In tsika, kuti mwaranzi panobva yakafanana zvikuru pfungwa, saka riri kure murume uye kubva chidzitiro.

Kuti tiwane X-ray, munhu wakaiswa pakati X-ray chubhu uye chidzitiro kana firimu, sevapristi nemwaranzi michina. Somugumisiro irradiation ari mufananidzo pfupa nemamwe gobvu zvinyama zvinozarurwa muchimiro yakajeka mimvuri tsvaka mamwe Kusiyana tikafunga shoma kuratidza nzvimbo anoratidza zvinyama nezvishoma Absorção de Água. On maekisirei munhu anova "Semi-segirazi".

Kuparadzira, maekisirei zvinogona kuparadzirwa uye kunyura. Asati Absorção de Água mwaranzi runogona mazana metres mumhepo. In rizere nyaya iri raisangoita zvikuru nokukurumidza. Biological dzevanhu munyama vari heterogeneous, saka Absorção de Água pakati mwaranzi kunoenderana arambe achirema pakati zvinyama kwemiviri. Bone rinenge absorbs mwaranzi kupfuura zvinyoronyoro nyama, nokuti rine pfuma ane yakakwirira mabhomba nhamba. Photons (kuroora PARTICIPLE ranzi) vari yokuita zvinoitwa siyana dzomuviri womunhu muviri nenzira dzakasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwana musiyano mufananidzo ne X-ray.