Zvikomo Roma yekare: kadhi uye nhoroondo

Guta guru Italy - Rome ndiyo imwe vakawanda mumaguta ekare munyika. Pakutanga, zvakanga yaiva kumabvazuva kumahombekombe Tiber. Akanzi "nokusingaperi" kana "guta pazvikomo nomwe." Roma yakanga chaizvoizvo kuvakwa napazvikomo, izvo vakaparadzaniswa ne nekaupenyu yakadzika, asi mupfupi mumipata. Zvino guta guru rekare yakura uye yapamba nzvimbo kumativi maviri murwizi. Iye zvino atova pazvikomo gumi, asi pane mepu muRoma yekare, iyo chakaratidza nzvimbo wokutanga kugarwa, rinosanganisira zvikomo nomwe chete.

tsananguro

Asi sezvo nhoroondo Wokusingaperi City, akatanga nekuivaka kuruboshwe pamahombekombe of Tiber River. Zvikomo Roma yekare anyudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Chokutanga, hazvina paiva yokugara, ari nechepakati chete - Palatine, ipapo Eskvilin, ipapo Capitol uye Quirinal, gare gare neViminal, Caelian uye Aventine. Pashure pezvose, vakanga dziri miganhu guta, vaRoma vakatanga kamwe pagore musi December 11 kupemberera Day semiholmiya.

A nzvimbo yokugara yekare, ari kuputika mavambo rakaumbwa. Kukwirira zvikomo Avharenji kumativi 40-50 M pamusoro rwizi revarombo.

Palatine

Zvaiva naye uye vakatanga nhoroondo Wokusingaperi City. Maererano nengano, mujinga pachikomo pamusoro pemvura Tiber nechikepe nedengu vana - Romulus uye Remus, izvo akazova havaoni reRoma rekare. Pano pamahombekombe paiva bako, uko iye akararama bere uyo Dzakayamwisa uye nehama. chikomo ichi inonzi mukukudza mwarikadzi hapana zviripo - aiva musande aive vafudzi.

Kubvira guta rakaumbwa, muchikamu ichi Ancient Rome yagara musimboti simba, pane patricians, madzimambo uye madzimambo akararama. Vairemekedzwa pano akavaka dzavo dzoushe kwazvo - imba. Zvidimbu achiripo kusvikira nhasi.

Eskvilin

zita rayo anoshandura se "sabhabha". It watopiwa akataura pamusoro kuti zvikomo eRoma rakazvipira muchichinjana. Kutevera Palatine akava chikomo ichi. Panguva iyoyo, akanga chaizvoizvo akatendeukira muguta marara. Uyezve, pano yakatakurwa mutongo uye akaronga kumakuva uko vakavigwa murombo uye varanda. marinda avo vaiva Makomba zvikuru yakadzika apo zvitunha uye dumped.

Paitonga Augustus, kumakuva wazara, uye muminda yose Maecenas yakanaka akakurira panzvimbo yayo. Uyewo ari Aventine akavaka hurongwa yose pombi mvura.

Capitol

Zvose zvikomo reRoma rekare vaiva chinangwa chawo. chikomo uyu zvachose akavaka makereke. Zviri pano kuti mumwe wavo ari vakazvitsaurira kuna mwarikadzi Juno Moneta apo akararama kunozivikanwa shiri kuti kwakatadzisa ake mhere yevaRoma iri kuuya muvengi. It chakange vakagadzirira uye nechivanze rokutanga, apo sezvaari mari. Vakadaidzwa "mari" vachikudza yomunharaunda mwarikadzi.

Around the Capitol paitonga Servius Tullius yakavakwa rusvingo kuburikidza iyo Hill akava haripindiki nhare. In payo temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Jupiter. Anaro vaiva pavaiputsa, izvo zvakakonzera kuparadzwa rakwo. In yeMiddle Ages, nharaunda wegomo akakura chivakwa chete yaiva chechi St. Mary. To pasuo rake manera, apo paiva 122 nhanho. It yakavakwa rukudzo muguta kununurwa denda.

Quirinal

Inenge zvose makomo Ancient Rome ine yayo nengano. Quirinale zvakare, ndozvakaitikawo. Akanzi mukukudza mwari Quirinus hondo, vakanamata Sabines yekare. Maererano nengano pakutanga chete varume vaigara muRoma. Kamwe Romulus vakakokwa kumutambo Sabines. Pakuchengeta yevaRoma vakaba vaenzi vose vasikana uye akaroorwa navo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, hondo yakatanga, iyo vanoba vakatanga kuridza.

Maererano nengano, kanga amira pedyo vakadzi pachavo, sezvo wakatobatsira tajairira mhuri yake Roman. Somugumisiro, dzairwisana mapato yapinda runyararo chibvumirano. Zvinofadza kuti ake pfungwa huru yaiva ezvinhu apo Sabinsky mutongi Titus Tatius akava mubati Rome iri ndima pamwe Romulus.

neViminal

Zita pachikomo zvinoreva "the willow chikomo" nokuti dzakatenuka ayo zvachose kufukidzwa miti iyi. Pakutanga yaigarwa nokuda Sabines. Murwiyo Vokusingaperi City Quirinal neViminal inosanganisira Romans mushure kutapa nevasikana. Panguva yacho Empire, nharaunda yacho yakanga vainyanya kuvakwa pamwe dzinogarwa muzvivako inogarwa nevanhu apasi mukirasi.

Panewo mukurumbira uye yekare dzokugezera dzeRoma - monument pamusoro Diocletian, ndokwenguva nharaunda dzinenge 13 hectares. Vanogona panguva pokugara vanhu 3200. On munharaunda mashoko uyewo akakura minda yakanaka, vakarova zvinoshamisa namatsime, uyewo raibhurari raiva. Uyewo, neViminal Hill aiva nzvimbo kwavaigara vemuMuzinda waMambo, nemabasa pachake murindi memukuru Rome.

Celio

Sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa, akatanga Ancient Rome, muchidimbu pazvikomo rakanga inorondedzerwa munyaya, yaigadziriswa chaizvo vanoiswa - nharaunda iyi yakavakwa mumwe wokupedzisira. Celio ainzi mushure Etruscan Celes Vibenny. Akanga sechinhu baba plebeians yeRoma, saka yomunharaunda nyika inogarwa chete nevazukuru vake. Chete muna I remakore ndasvika pano kuziva. The chikuru nzvimbo yokunamatira pachikomo paiva temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari Claudius, asi zvinosuwisa, musi uyu huru Kuvaka mashomanana zvimedu.

Aventine

Anonzi ari kukudza mambo Aventina Silviya, aitonga mushure Romulus. Mune rimwe mamiziyamu vekare Rome inochengetwa mepu, izvo zvinoratidza kuti chikomo ichi, kusiyana nevamwe, akanga asati kugadziriswa. Asi mumazuva Republic, akanga zvakazara akavaka pamwe zvivako zvakasiyana. Kumboda maigara varanda uye plebeians. Asi munguva iri Empire akatanga kugara munzvimbo yacho uye mupfumi vairemekedzwa.

Emperor Aurelian, aitonga ari III remakore, yave akakwanisa makore 4 chete kuzomisa rusvingo kuti akafukidza zvose zvikomo nomwe Rome yekare. Kureba kwayo kwakanga 19 km, nekukwirira - 8 m, uye ukobvu -. 3,4 M Panguva parusvingo paiva 383 shongwe uye masuo 18. Apo Roma akakunda Goths, yakanga zvakaipisisa kukuvaradzwa uye yapera namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Zvisinei, muna Renaissance rusvingo rukaporeswa uye, ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvakanaka akachengetedzwa kuti nhasi.