Zionists - ndiani? Chii ndiwo Zionism?

Zionists - ndiani? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri. Inouya shoko "Zionism" kubva zita Gomo reZiyoni. Yakanga chiratidzo naIsiraeri neJerusaremu. Zionism chinhu dzematongerwe iyo inotaura kupanga nhoroondo yokumusha ari nhapwa vechiJudha vanhu. sangano enyika Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Apo pfungwa akaberekwa, wakanga maererano Zionism?

Pfungwa kudzoka kuZiyoni akaberekwa nevaJudha munguva dzekare, mumazuva apo vakadzingwa vaIsraeri. The chaizvo tsika aidzokera kwete itsva. About 2,500 apfuura, nevaBhabhironi Diaspora vechiJudha vanhu vakadzokera kunyika yavo. Modern Zionism yakabuda muzana remakore rechi19, saka tsika iyi haina yagadzirwa asi chete akauya pamusoro kufamba zvekare uye pfungwa kwakarongerwa ano fomu.

Kuzivisa 14 May 1948 pamusoro paumbwe State waIsraeri ndiwo kufamba mubereko. Gwaro rinotaura kuti vanhu vechiJudha akabuda muIsraeri.

enyika, zvechitendero uye pakunamata mufananidzo waro yakaumbwa pano. Vanhu, zvichienderana kuzivisa, inomanikidzwa adzingwa kwavo.

Kubatana pakati vanhu vechiJudha uye vaIsraeri

Tikaramba kufunga mubvunzo: "? The Zionists - ndiani" Hazvibviri kunzwisisa zvido kufamba kwedu pasina kugadzirisa yaivapo nhoroondo ukama pakati pevaIsraeri vechiJudha vanhu. Chaioneka. Makore anenge 4 zviuru akapfuura apo Abrahamu munzvimbo Isiraeri ikozvino. Mozisi remakore rechi13 BC. e. Akatungamirira Kubuda kwevaJudha kubva kuIjipiti, uye Joshua akakunda kugoverwa pakati pamarudzi 12 aIsraeri nyika. Muna 10-11 emakore. BC. e., munguva dzetemberi Rokutanga, raitongwa madzimambo ari mamiriro Soromoni, David naSauro. VaIsiraeri 486 BC. e. akabatwa nevaBhabhironi, uyo akaparadza temberi uye vanhu vechiJudha vakawanda yave yatapwa. Achitungamirirwa Nehemiah uye Ezra muzana remakore iroro, vaJudha vakadzokera kunyika yavo uye kuzodzosera kumisa temberi. Saka akatanga nguva Temberi Yechipiri. Yakaguma kukunda Jerusarema nevaRoma uye zvakare kuparadzwa kwetemberi 70 CE.

Kupandukira Jewish

Mushure kubatwa vaJudha muIsraeri, vaJudha vakawanda vaigara. Vakaunganidza kuna 132 pakamukirwa pamusoro VaRoma rinotungamirirwa Bar Kochba. Kwenguva pfupi nguva vakakwanisa kamwe zvakare kuumba yechiJudha akazvimirira mamiriro. Zvakanga zvine utsinye akakurira kumukirawo. Vakaurayiwa kwakati, maererano dzekare, vanenge 50 zviuru. VaJudha. Zvisinei, pashure kumukirawo airwadziwa muIsraeri vakanga vachiri mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vechiJudha.

Mushure 4th remakore BC. e. Garireya vatanga zvakare chikuru kumukira utongi weRoma vakazodzingwa zvakare mukanyiwa kwevaJudha muIsraeri, vakanga requisitioned nyika yavo. Munyika iri 7th remakore kwaiva munharaunda yavo, iyo akaverenga vanhu mamiriyoni 1/4. Izvi, makumi ezviuru aibatsira nevaPezhiya vakanga yakapamba vaIsraeri 614. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti vaJudha dzaitarisira kuti rudzi urwu, sezvo navaPersia kubvumirwa navo 6 remakore BC. e. kudzoka kubva kwavakanga vatapwa kuBhabhironi muna yavo munyika.

Mugore AD 638. e., pashure vaMuslim kukunda Arab, yakanga kubvunda vashoma vemo vechiJudha. Izvi zvakaitika muchidimbu nokuda kumanikidzwa Islamization. Panguva iyoyo muJerusarema kwenguva yakareba maiva kumbonyanya nevaJudha vakawanda. Akakunda Jerusarema muna 1099 Hondo Tsvene yakaponda, ane vawirwa vose vaMuslim uye vaJudha. Zvisinei, kana rinooneka kuderera nhamba vagari muIsraeri, vamiririri runodiwa haina anyangarika chose.

immigration Rwako

Nhengo dzeboka kana Mesiya kufamba munhoroondo nguva akadzokera kana vakaedza kupinda Israeri. Kamwe aibuda immigration mune rechi17 uye rechi19 emakore, kureva pamberi kwaita Zionism, zvinotungamirira kuti munzanga yechiJudha Jerusarema muna 1844, akava kupfuura pakati dzimwe nzanga dzechitendero. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti mafungu kutama Jewish mumakore ose (kubvira rechi19 uye muzana remakore rechi20) akanga pashure nguva dziri kure, duku kukura uye havana kwakarongwa Rwako. Zionist kudzorerwa vakatanga yokutama Israeri palestinofilov, uyewo nhengo Bilu kufamba. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1882-1903, ukuwo. Zvichitevera izvi, muzana remakore rechi20 vakanga nemafungu mutsva kudzorerwa, izvo kufanorongwa ari Zionists. Ndivanaani, uchanzwisisa nani paakanzwa zvakanga inokosha yokuti Zionism.

The nechepakati Pfungwa Zionism

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakuendeswa ichi anopindura ine nzvimbo pfungwa, maererano Israeri ariko nhoroondo yokumusha vechiJudha vanhu. Accommodation dzimwe inoti - kuutapwa. Kuva pamwe makatodzinga upenyu muna Diaspora - iri nechepakati pfungwa sangano repfungwa, musimboti Zionism. Saka, kufamba ichi anotaura nhoroondo kubatana kwevanhu vechiJudha naIsraeri. Asi zviri chaizvo chokwadi kuti rwaizoitika pasina ano Anti-Semitism uye kutambudzwa munguva dzazvino vaJudha kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, kana vakanga vasara voga.

Zionism uye Anti-Semitism

Kureva, Zionism anogona kunzi ave kwomusikirwo Anti-Semitism. Unogonawo kuona rive mhando Anti-ichitongwa kufamba, iyo inozivikanwa kunge udzvinyiriri uye rusarura, pogroms uye kunyadziswa, kuti ndiye munhu wacho omurume chinzvimbo vashoma hurumende.

Zvakakosha zvokusimbisa ichi panhau kuti Zionism - rezvematongerwe enyika, inova mhinduro ano Anti-Semitism. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa panguva amakore okutambudzwa vaJudha. Fani iyi yaiitwa Europe kwenguva refu. Zvakare uye zvakare, kuti Diaspora European pasi kuurayiwa uye kutambudzwa dzechitendero, zvemagariro, kwezvikonzero zvemari, uyewo kwemarudzi uye zvenyika. MuEurope, vaJudha munzira kuenda Holy Land (11-12 remakore) kucheka Dzorudzidziso uye akauraya ezvipfuwo panguva denda dambudziko muzana remakore rechi14 vakapomerwa matsime chepfu, iri nguva Raibvunzurudza vakapiswa padanda muSpain (muzana remakore rechi15), vakava vanourawa vakawanda vauraye nokuda Cossacks muUkraine Khmelnitsky (muzana remakore rechi17). sezvo mazana ezviuru nemauto Petliura uye Denikin vakaurayiwa, sparking Zionism muhondo weRussia yevagari. Image pazasi, yakatsaurirwa kuna zviitiko izvi.

Pashure World War First, zvinhu zvakava nengozi. Ipapo muurayi wakabva Germany, apo vaJudha vakatora zvakakura kuedza kuti kuitwa.

vanhu ava munhoroondo akadzingwa anenge zvose kunyika dzokuEurope: France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, England, Lithuania uye Russia. matambudziko ose aya achiunganidza kwemazana emakore, uye mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, vaJudha havacharemekedzi tariro kuchinja muupenyu hwake.

Sei kuva Zionist vatungamiriri vesangano iri?

History of Zionism zvinoratidza kuti vatungamiri Zionist kufamba akatendeuka kazhinji vavatevere kungori Anti-Semitism. Zvakaitika kuna Mosesi Gesom uyo vakakatyamadzwa muna 1840, vamwe kurwisa vaigara muDhamasiko vaJudha. Zvino pamwe Leonom Pinskerom, uyo pashure chigaro Alexander II (1881-1882) yakarohwa hochekoche pogroms, uye Theodor Herzl (mufananidzo pasi apa), uyo ari wenhau muParis akaona Anti-oukuru chirongwa yakatanga kufamba muna 1896 nezvichaitika Dreyfus mashandiro.

Zvinangwa Zionists

Saka Zionist kufamba chinangwa chacho chikuru kuti kufunga Mutongo "dambudziko wechiJudha." Vatsigiri ake akaona somunhu pavarombo, dambudziko pamusoro vashoma munyika, uyo asina musha wake uye nhaka ndiyo - kutambudzwa uye pogroms. Saka, tine vakapindura mubvunzo: "? The Zionists - ndiani" Tinoona imwe muenzaniso anonakidza, zvatakakutadzirai kare kutaurwa.

Kusarurwa uye mafungu immigration

Pane kunyatsobatana kuripo pakati Zionism uye kutambudzwa vaJudha mupfungwa kuti vakawanda zvikuru namafungu immigration kuna Israeri hwagara wakatevera kupondwa dzerusarura uye muna Diaspora. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Aliyah First akanga pakurukurwa makore 80 remakore rechi19 pogroms muRussia. Wechipiri yakatanga pashure dzakatevedzana pogroms muna Belarus uye Ukraine mukutanga remakore rechi20. Uye wechitatu waiva kufarira kuuraya mauto ose Denikin uye Petlyura vaJudha yehondo. Sezvo Zionism akabuda mu Russia. Wechina Aliyah akasvika makore 20 wokuPoland, uchiteverwa kuitwa mitemo pamusoro vaJudha Entrepreneurship. Mumakore 30, Rechishanu Aliyah, vakauya vachibva Austria uye Germany kuti kutiza mhirizhonga Nazi, uye zvichingodaro. D.

mhedziso

Zvinangwa nezviito Zionists Naizvozvo, vakatevera kazhinji basa rokudzorera dzakaitika kururamisira. Izvi hazvisi urudzi, nekuti pfungwa iyi haasi uchapupu ukuru vanhu mumwe pamusoro perimwe, uyewo kuvapo vakasarudzwa vanhu, kana "rudzi wakachena". Uyewo zvinganzi anoonekwa somunhu Bourgeois sangano munyika Zionism, sezvakanyorwa muchirongwa ose zvidzidzo uye strata vemo. Nhungamiri iye akanga vainyanya vanhu vane Bourgeois mavambo chaizvo. Zvisinei, zvakafanana zvinogona akati zvimwe echimurenga kufamba, kusanganisira Communist uye mugovanisi. Zionism haasi "achinyengera" dzematongerwe inokurudzira vaJudha kutamira Israeri. Kudzorera avo chete vane kugoverana Zionist chiono zvichaitirwa uye nhoroondo norudzi urwu.