Wechitatu Shia Imam Hussein: Biography

Mumwe maviri dzenzvimbo chikuru Islam ano ndiro Shi'ism. Imam Hussein aiva mumwe wevanhu ivavo, izvo chokuita chidzoke kwechitendero negwara. Hwake anogona kuva chaizvo dzinonakidza somunhu nyore murume ari mumugwagwa, uye vanhu vane ukama pakutsvakurudza mabasa. Ngationei kuti izvi vakauya kuna nyika yedu Husayn ibn Ali.

dzinza

zita rizere remangwana Imam - Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. Akauya kubva bazi Hashemite Arab wedzinza Quraish yakavambwa ake makuru-sekuru Hashim ibn ABD Manaf. To chete bazi zvaiva muvambi kwechiIslam muporofita Muhammad, iro rikawira panguva imwecheteyo Hussein sekuru (rwaamai) uye sekuru (yemadzibaba). The chikuru guta worudzi Quraish aiva Mecca.

Vabereki wechitatu Shia Imam akanga Ali Ibn Abu Talib, uyo aiva hama muporofita Muhammad, uye mwanasikana wokupedzisira Fatima. Zvizvarwa zvavo dzinonzi Alida uye Fatimids. Kunze Hussein, vakanga vachiri dangwe mwanakomana - Hassan.

Saka, Husayn ibn Ali vaiva makakurumbira, maererano pfungwa vaMuslim, munhui, ari zvakananga wedzinza muprofita Muhammad.

Birth uye vechidiki

Hussein akaberekwa mugore rechina Hegira (632) munguva mhuri mutsigiro Muhammad nevatsigiri vake Medina pashure ake kutiza kubva Mecca. Maererano nengano, muprofita akamupa zita, vakafanotaura ramangwana kukuru, rufu mumaoko nhengo genus pakati Umayyads. Makore mwanakomana muduku Ali Ibn Abhi Talib mangwanani, anenge hapana kuzivikanwa, kubva panguva iyoyo akanga mumumvuri baba vake uye mukoma.

Nhoroondo nhandare rakatevera Imam Hussein kubuda pashure chete rufu munin'ina wake Hassan uye Caliph Muawiya.

The kwaita Shiism

Zvino ngatitorei vanyatsoona kuti paiva Shiite nebazi Islam, nekuti nyaya iyi iri chokuita zvikuru upenyu uye basa Hussein Ibn Ali.

Pakafa muporofita vaMuslim vakatanga kusarudzwa pamusangano vakuru. Aipfeka musoro Caliph uye akanga hunopiwa yose yechitendero uye zviremera zvehurumende. First caliph aiva mumwe dzepedyo kuzobatsira vanamukoti vose Mohammed Abu Bakr. Gare gare Shia aizviti iye abvuta simba, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda chepamutemo kurwa - Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

Pashure pokutonga pfupi pamusoro Abu Bakr kwaiva maviri Caliph, iyo dzinozivikanwa kunzi vakarurama apo muna 661 mutongi Islamic nyika, pakupedzisira akasarudzwa Ali Ibn Abhi Talib, hama uye mwanakomana mukwambo muprofita Muhammad, baba remangwana Imam Hussein.

Asi simba caliph idzva vakaramba kubvuma mutongi weSiria Mu'awiya wenyika mhuri Umayyads, uyo aiva hama yokure Ali. Vakatanga mumwe ruvengo, izvo, zvisinei, haana kuzarura weNobel. Asi pakutanga kwegore 661 Halif Ali akanga chigaro unoranganawo. mwanakomana wake mukuru Hassan akasarudzwa sezvo mutongi mutsva. Aona kuti aisagona kurarama nazvo Mu'awiya, apa kuzviremera, pamwe chirwere kuti pashure pokufa aimbova gavhuna muSiriya, vachadzokera kuna Hasan kana vazukuru vake.

Zvisinei, kare mugore 669 Hassan akafa Medina apo pashure kupondwa baba vake akamunzwira hanzvadzi yake Hussein. Zvinofungirwa kuti rufu kwakakonzerwa chepfu. Shiites ona vaishungurudza nomuchetura Muawiya, asina kuda simba akaverevedza kure nemhuri yake.

Zvichakadaro, vanhu vakawanda vakaratidza kusagutsikana pamwe Mu'awiya gwara, dzikarongwa vakapoteredza mwanakomana wechipiri Ali - Hussein, vavakanga aionekwa ino gavhuna Allah Panyika. vanhu ava vakatanga vanozviti Shia, izvo anoshandura kubva Arabic se "vateveri". Kureva, pakutanga Shi'ism yakanga hakusisina kuitika enyika muna Caliphate, asi kwemakore iye inozikanwa atora ruvara yechitendero.

Religious musiyano pakati vatsigiri Sunni pamusoro caliph, uye Shiites vari kuwedzera akakura.

MARARAMIRO yokurwisana

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kune rufu Caliph Muawiya, izvo chakaitika mugore 680 AD, Hussein haana kutamba chaizvo muupenyu enyika ari Caliphate. Asi pashure chiitiko ichi, zvakakodzera akazivisa dzinofunga ayo kuuchangamire, sepakutanga vakabvumirana pakati Mu'awiya uye Hasan. Izvi zvinozoita zviitiko, Chokwadi, havasi kufara mwanakomana wake Yazid Muawiya, uyo akange atora musoro caliph.

Vatsigiri Saddam, Shi'ites, wakamuzivisa Imam. Vaiti mutungamiri wavo - wechitatu Shia Imam, vaviri vokutanga kunze Ali Ibn Abhi Talib uye Hasan.

Saka, kusimba manzwiro pakati pemapoka maviri akakura, kutyisidzira kuguma kurwisana nezvombo.

Pakutanga yemuna

Uye kumukira yakagundika. The Kupandukira kwakatanga muguta Kufa, yaiva pedo Baghdad. Vapanduki vaidavira kuti avatungamirire vakakodzera chete Imam Hussein. Vakamubvunza kuti ave mutungamiriri kumukirawo. Hussein akabvuma kutakura basa mutungamiri.

Kuti kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, Imam Hussein akatuma Kufa ayo anofungidzirwa, nezita Muslim Ibn Aqeel, uye akataura vatsigiri kubva Medina naye. Patakasvika, mumiririri yemuna akatora mhiko pachinzvimbo Hussein kuti 18.000 vagari, sezvinotaurwa natenzi wake.

Asi Caliphate Kutarisirwa haana kugara asina zvaaiita napo. Kudzvinyirira nokupanduka Kufa, Yazid akagadza gavhuna mutsva. Akabva akatanga kushandisa inoomesera matanho, saka kuti zvinenge vatsigiri vose Saddam vakatiza muguta. Muslim asati atora uye aurayiwa, iye akakwanisa kutuma tsamba kuna Imam, hurukuro pamusoro shanduko zvakaipisisa ezvinhu.

Hondo Karbala

Pasinei nezvose izvi, Hussein akasarudza kuramba kudanidziro. Iye, pamwe nevatsigiri vake vakaenda nzvimbo iri kumucheto Baghdad muguta rinonzi Karbala. Imam Hussein, pamwe neboka vakasangana ikoko vakawanda nevarwi Caliph Yazid, pasi murayiro Umar ibn Sad.

Zvamazvirokwazvo, Imam ane duku boka vatsigiri vake vaisagona kurwisa hondo yose. Saka akaenda kutaurirana, kupa murayiro hondo muvengi ngaayambuke yokuzviparadzanisa. Umar Ibn Sad akanga akagadzirira kuteerera vamiririri Saddam, asi vamwe vehondo - Shire uye Ibn Ziyoda - zvakamuratidza kuisa zvinhu zvakadai iro Imam vasingagoni kubvumirana zvakawanda.

Muzukuru Muporofita vakasarudza kutora kwehondo dzisakarurama. Over boka duku vapanduki t dzvuku flag Imam Hussein. Kurwa kwakanga pfupi, sezvo mauto akanga dzisakarurama asi vanotyisa. Mauto caliph Yazid vaichengeta kuondomoka akunde vapanduki.

rufu Imam

Zvinenge zvose vatsigiri Saddam, mu uwandu manomwe navaviri vanhu vakaurayiwa muhondo kana akabatwa, uye pashure chinorwadza mutongo. Vamwe vakanga pasi mujeri. Pakati pevaya vakaurayiwa aiva Imam pachake.

musoro wake adziviswa yakatumwa pakarepo kuna gavhuna kuna Kufa uye ndokuzoenda kuDhamasiko, guta guru iri Caliphate, Yazid kukwanisa kwazvo kunakidzwa kukunda ani ane chizvarwa Ali.

migumisiro

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanga rufu Imam Hussein, remangwana kukanganisa gadziriro pokuwa Caliphate, kunyange kupfuura dai vachiri vapenyu. Chigaro muzukuru muprofita uye anomhura chisekeso ake mapfupa akaita sefungu Kusagutsikana munyika vechiIslam nyika. Shiites pakupedzisira vazvitsaurira kubva vatsigiri caliph - the Sunnis.

Muna 684, pakamukirwa pasi pomureza kutsiva nokuda nekuurayiwa Husayn Ibn Ali yakagundika muguta dzvene vechiMuslim - Mecca. Rakanga inotungamirwa ABD Allah ibn al-Zubayr. makore masere akakwanisa kuramba simba chizvarwa guta rake muprofita. Pakupedzisira, kuti Caliph akakwanisa kusimbazve kutonga Mecca. Asi ichi chakanga chete kumukira Death bongozozo kuti vakavazunzira Caliphate vakabata pasi sirogani kutsiva nokuda kuuraya Hussein rokutanga.

Kupondwa yechitatu Imam yaiva chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviri Shia dzidziso chinotonyanya yakabatana pakurwisa Shiite Caliphate. Chokwadi, simba Caliphs dzakapfuura anopfuura rimwe remakore. Asi nokuuraya mugari wenhaka kuna Muporofita Muhammad, kuti Caliphate vaibata pachake ronda zvinouraya kuti zvakakonzera pokuwa yaro yemberi. Zvadaro, musi nharaunda kamwe simba hwacho vakaumba rakabatana Shiite mamiriro Idrisid, Fatimid, Buyid, Alids nevamwe.

Ndangariro Hussein

Events chokuita kupondwa Hussein Shiite chitendero vakawana kukosha. Zvinonzi rwakazvitsaurira kwavari rimwe remasangano zviitiko Shiite dzechitendero - Shakhs-Wachs. Ava mazuva nokutsanya, umo Shi'ites kungochema vakaurayiwa Imam Hussein. The kupfuura hwokunyanyisa vavo kukonzera maronda zvakarurama chakakomba, sokunge uchimirira kutambura wechitatu Imam.

Uyewo, Shiites akaita kunonamata Karbala - nzvimbo rufu uye Kuvigwa Hussein Ibn Ali.

Sezvataona, unhu, upenyu uye rufu Imam Hussein, nhema pamwoyo makurusa vaMuslim rechitendero, sezvo Shia, kuva munyika vateveri zhinji ano.