War Years nomwe '1756-1763: zvikonzero uye zvabuda

Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. Yakanga mugumisiro dzinoverengeka kuzvipokanidza pakati European inoti. The chikuru chinokonzera gakava waiva mubvunzo weboka nharaunda pakati penyika mbiri. Uyezve, mufambiro ruvengo kwaiva kuchikonzerwa rearrangement mauto ari kondinendi uye kutyora zvetsika nomwero. Sezvo itsva simba uye kurwa kuti utungamiri aita Prussia, iyo yakawedzera mushure accession kuti chigaro unyanzvi mutongi Frederick II muna 1740. Izvi zvakakonzera hanya pakati dzinoverengeka kutungamirira inoti European, izvo zvakazoita kuti kutanga hondo.

General political mamiriro ezvinhu

Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. It kwamuka nokuda tigare masimba makuru European. Chokwadi kuti panguva akakodzera nguva, nyika mbiri achirwira kodzero ave mutungamiri mune dzakawanda munhandare. France uye England akapinda yakareba kurwisana, izvo akasika kusingadzivisiki kurwisana nezvombo pakati pavo. Panguva ino, vose nyika akatanga ichitongwa kukunda, uye pakati pavo pane nekukakavadzana akasimuka nokuda weboka mundima uye mabhora ose simba. The chikuru nhandare yokurwisana vakatanga North America uye Indian ndima. In idzi, mativi maviri anorwisana vanogara nomubvunzo kutsunga miganhu uye redistribution munzvimbo. Ndizvo kuzvipokanidza izvi zvakakonzera zvechiuto kunetsana.

MARARAMIRO kudhumhana

Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. sezvo mugumisiro amplification pamusoro Prussian wehurumende. Frederick II akaita hondo-akakodzera hondo chaiyo pakati nemwero yaakaita anoverengeka nezvipusha, nokuda iyo nyika yake uye woita miganhu. kuwedzera uku kwakakonzerwa kuAustria, kubva apo akatora Silesian nyika. MuSilesia aiva mumwe vakapfuma nzvimbo State, uye kurasikirwa uku raikosha kuvadza hurumende. Hazvishamisi, saka, kuti Empress Maria Theresa aifarira kudzoka vakarasika nyika. In ezvinhu aya, mutongi Prussian kutsvaka rutsigiro kubva kuEngland, izvo zvaizoitawo vakatsvaka kuwana pfuma yaro European (yokuHannover), uye akanga aifarira pakutsigira pakuchengetedza idzi pachavo.

Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. uye waiva mugumisiro yokurwisana pakati England uye France nokuda partition ichitongwa nyika, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa. nyika yedu yave aivawo chikonzero kuita imwe pavanotaurirana nezvombo. Chokwadi chokuti zvinotaurwa pamusoro Prussian mamiriro vaityisidzira mabhora ose pesvedzero muPoland, kuBaltic miganhu. Uyezve, Russia kubvira 1740s. Inobatana Austria Treaty maitiro. On hwaro ichi kwakava rapprochement wenyika yedu France, saka akatora chimiro Anti-Prussian mubatanidzwa.

Kutanga pavanotaurirana

Zvinokonzera Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. tsunga aro akafara dzose. Nokufamba masimba kutungamirira European vakakweverwa kupinda kurwa. Uyezve, akaumba akawanda fronts zvehondo: Continental, North America, Indian uye nevamwe. Izvi muchiuto nokurwisana shanduka kuvhara pakuenzanisa simba muna Western Europe uye vakachinja geopolitical mepu kwayo.

Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. It yakatanga kurwiswa Mambo Prussia Saxony. The kukarukureta mutongi uyu aiva zvinotevera: riri aronga kusika munhu springboard nokuda kwokushora muvengi pano. Austria, uyezve, aida kushandisa sezvo yakabudirira munzvimbo muzadze hondo dzavo uye vakatanga kushandisa ayo zvoupfumi uye zvinhu zvedu. Iye vamutye ari Saxon kurwisa uye vakatora idzi. Pashure pokukunda uku, Mambo Prussia vakanyengera dzakatevedzana inovhuvhuta ichienda Austrians, akatora kunyange dzimwe nguva muPrague, asi hondo papera yeAustria ndokukuvadza mumwe kukundwa paguta Kolin. Zvisinei, hondo Prussian akundwa pana Leuthen, nokudaro kudzorera yepakutanga nengaidzo mauto.

akaramba kurwa

Kupinda hondo France kuoma zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu mambo Prussian, asi zvisinei vakakwanisa kuisa muvengi wake itsva kwazvo kuparadza pa Rossbach. Zvadaro kurwa akaputsa nyika yedu. Uto Russian yainzi mumwe akasimba muna Europe, asi kugona kuziva makomborero ayo muzvinhu zvakawanda nokuti kuti vemauto makore manomwe hondo 1756-1763 gg. vakakundikana kushandisa mano ayo zvizere. In tanga chikuru mutungamiri hondo Apraksin, pasinei kwavo kukunda pamusoro muvengi, pakarepo akapa kuti shure. hondo Next Fermor akatungamirira wokuEngland. Under utungamiriri hwake, mauto eRussia akatora chikamu mune imwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda hondo panguva pokurwa pagore hondo yechipiri. Hondo haina kuuya kana divi mubvunzo. Battle Zorndorf mumwe vaairarama inonzi strangest pakurwa.

Victory kwezvombo Russian

War Years nomwe '1756-1763 gg., Muchidimbu zvikuru rikaparadzirwa muzvikoro chokuita kutora chikamu kweRussia, mugore ayo kukura rechitatu wapinda mumwe mutsindo danho yehondo. Izvi zvakanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa Kukunda hondo Russian vachitungamirirwa itsva wehondo Saltykov. Akanga akangwara kwazvo, uyewo akakurumbira pakati pavanhu. Zvaiva pasi noutungamiriri hwake, uto Russian vakakunda nerakakurumbira kukunda zvaro Kunersdorf. Ipapo mauto Prussian vakakundwa, uye pamberi pamambo akasimuka ngozi chaiyo kuti andobata rayo renyika. Asi, hondo wakashamwaridzana akadzokera, sezvo nyika Anti-Prussian mubatanidzwa vakatanga kumupomera mhosva mumwe kuti kutyora mitoro.

The mberi nezvaaiita

Zvisinei, Frederick II zvinhu zvakanga zvakaoma. Akateterera British rubatsiro, tichikumbira wake kuti ave murevereri panguva World Congress. Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. zvishoma pamusoro mushumo unoitwa maererano pakurwa pamusoro zvakadaro akaramba nokuda nezvenzvimbo Russia uye Austria, izvo achida nemuvengi wake inokosha uye chokupedzisira nokurova. Mambo Prussia kwakakanganisa kuna Austrians, asi zvose zvakafanana mauto akanga dzisakarurama. hondo yake yakarasikirwa varo vehondo vanokwanisa, izvo zvakakanganisa mufambiro rehondo. Muna 1760, Russian uye yeAustria mauto vakatora guta guru ake ehurumende. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, vakamanikidzwa kusiya kunyange akadzidza kusvika wamambo. Zvegore, hondo yokupedzisira makuru ehondo, iyo Mambo Prussia achiri akabuda Kumukundi. Asi iye akaneta nokuti mumwe kurwa iye varasikirwa hafu wehondo yake. Uyezve, pane yechipiri fronts mhandu dzake vaiva kubudirira.

The mukunopera

Zvinokonzera Makore manomwe War 1756-1763 gg. nezvainoita zvinhu yehondo. Kutaura zvazviri mikuru hondo muEurope zvinopindura pakati Prussia neAustria, pamwe kutora mukana venyika yedu. Zvisinei, maererano rufu Russian Empress aiva rakapinza shanduko yokumwe mutemo kana ayo amutsive. mambo mutsva vakadzoka Mambo Prussia zvose mauto eRussia vakatora nyika, yakasainwa kwaari nerugare uye chibvumirano kwomubatanidzwa uye kunyange akamuendesa kubatsira rechiuto dzimba dzaro. Kuchinja chisingatarisirwi mupfungwa chaiyoiyo akaponesa Prussia kubva chokupedzisira kukundwa.

Zvisinei, akakwira chigaro Catherine II chakagumisa chibvumirano, asi zvisinei, zvakadaro hamuna kunzwa chivimbo zvakakwana muguta guru, haana kuzomutsidzirazve kurwa. Saka, panguva ino opera Makore Seven War 1756-1763. Russia akatora vachishingaira chikamu mariri, asi haana kuita chinhu miganhu pfuma. Mambo Prussia, kushandisa Kuzorora ichi, kuti Austrians akamurova zvakakura, asi zvakava pachena kuti zvinhu munyika yake haangavi kudhonza kuenderera ne hondo.

North America mberi paaiitirana

Fighting haringorevi yacho European. A kukuru kutamburira zvinopindura muna North America, uko British akasangana French mabhora ose simba. Mumakore mashanu pakati mativi maviri zvakanga zvakaoma kuti ugone zvengarava, maguta uye nhare. Hondo Yemakore nomwe '1756-1763, pfupi iyo vanoti chete pazvinhu kuti kurwisana kwemasimba pamusoro kondinendi European, yakatsvairwa, saka nyika uye mhiri kwemakungwa. Chinonyanya kukuru nebope zvinopindura kuti Quebec. Somugumisiro, France yakakundwa uye yakarasika Canada.

Zviito India

The hondo pakati izvi masimba uye yakatanga muIndia, apo British aigara akadzinga French kubva munzvimbo dzavo. Hazvina maitiro kuti kutambura kwaiva zvose nyika uye pamusoro pegungwa. Pakupedzisira, British mauto akadzinga French kubva munzvimbo dzavo 1760. kukunda iyi tinoshandurirwa England kupinda pakukura dzayaitonga simba, uye pakupedzisira yakakunda India simba rayo.

migumisiro

War Years nomwe '1756-1763, migumisiro izvo chaizvoizvo kwakachinja map Europe uye pakuenzanisa ehondo pakati masimba makuru akaita zvichida kuva mukuru vemauto uye enyika Kusanzwisisana ari kondinendi pakati pezana remakore rechi18. Zvakabuda ichi pavanotaurirana chakakomba zvakatungamirira redistribution ichitongwa mundima uye mabhora ose simba pakati inotaura. The chikuru mugumisiro kutambura kwaiva kuchinja England kupinda kupfuura dzayaitonga umambo pamusoro yakaoma. nyika ino chakatsindirwa panzvimbo yacho romuFrance chikuru anokumhan'arira uye vaitungamirira nzvimbo mukupararira mabhora ose simba.

Zvebvumirano

Zvakabuda Makore manomwe 'War 1756-1763 gg. kwechirwere, achinyanya pamusoro redistribution ndima. Negore kuguma muhondo kwacho yakanga yakasainwa chibvumirano pasi iyo France vakarasika Canada, achipa nzvimbo iyi kwayo somukwikwidzi, iyo akaitawo zvimwe zvikuru miganhu pfuma. nzvimbo France mushure chibvumirano ichi chakazunguzirwa zvikuru. Zvisinei, chii vakawanda vakabatsira kuti munyika zvikonzero: munyika yave kutanga kwakakomba dambudziko, izvo zvakazoita mashoma emakore kusvika chimurenga.

Zvegore, Prussia uye Austria dzakasaina chibvumirano pasi iyo yakaramba kuti muSilesia uye dzimwe nyika. Nekuda izvi nharo mundima vose rinoti kwenguva refu vaiva noukama utsinye. Asi Frederick II anenge pakarepo pashure pehondo akatora nzira rapprochement pamwe Russia. War Years nomwe '1756-1763, zvikonzero, migumisiro iyo vakatsunga kukura masimba European kuti remakore mberi, mutsva zvakaparadzira batana noukama uye mitoro. Nokuti Russia, huru Zvakaguma akanzwirwa zvakawanda Zvakaitika mufambiro rehondo munguva pavanotaurirana pamwe vaitungamirira masimba kondinendi. Kwaibva vechikamu nguva yehondo vehondo Catherine, izvo zvakapa wandei chinopenya kukunda nyika yedu. Zvisinei, hapana miganhu pfuma umambo haana. mutongi mutsva havana kududzira hondo Mambo Prussia, kunyange agumisa chibvumirano kwomubatanidzwa naye, yakasainwa wake.

nzvimbo vemapato

Nhamba huru varwi vakarasikirwa muhondo iyi Austria. Kufirwa muvengi rayo guru vakanga vagovane. Pane maonero kuti somugumisiro zvehondo, achiuraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri. Kuti chikamu hondo zvakasimbisa UK mudzimu wayo nyuchi North America. Zvikurukuru, vakawanda mitero, akasika mhando dzose zvipingamupinyi kuti maindasitiri chiitiko kondinendi, izvo zvaizoitawo zvakaita kuti akurumidze kuputika yokusagutsikana pakati colonists, uyo pakupedzisira akatora zvombo, kutanga hondo rusununguko. Vazhinji kare kutsvaka mhinduro mubvunzo kuti akabvumira Prussia pakupedzisira kuhwina, pasinei nokuti kanoverengeka mutongi wayo aiva akaoma chaizvo nemamiriro ezvinhu, rave iro pangozi kokupedzisira kukundwa. A uwandu nyanzvi yave kuzivikanwa zvinotevera zvikonzero: Kusawirirana pakati vatsigiri, rufu Russian Empress uye zvisingatarisirwi chijana wokumwe negwaro. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha inofanira kuzivikanwa Chokwadi, wokutanga chikonzero. Munguva dzinonetsa uye yairwirwa nguva mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany kugona kuwana mutauro nevakawanda, izvo zvakaita kuti kusawirirana pakati pavo, izvo zvaizoita chete vanobatsirwa mutongi Prussian.

Nokuti chete Prussian kukunda zvakanga zvakakosha kwazvo kuti vose nezvipfuwo uye dzimwe mutemo nokuda kukura. Pashure pehondo, akava mumwe vaitungamirira masimba Europe. Izvi wakakurumidza pfungwa kubatana pakati ichiparara nyika German mugomba kusaroora isangano, uye vachitungamirirwa nyika ino. Saka, mamiriro razova hwaro nyika itsva European - Germany. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti hondo yaiva dzakawanda kukosha, sezvo inoguma uye zvabuda zvazvinoita kwete nzvimbo nyika dzokuEurope, asiwo nzvimbo dzaiva pamusoro dzimwe mumakondinendi.