Ancient Egyptian mungano: features, vanamwari, ngano

Ancient Egypt, pasinei nezvose, inoramba zvikuru zvisinganzwisisiki dzomunyika. Zvichiri kunzi "chipo Nile" uye vaiona nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro mapiramidhi uye sphinx, yakatarwa ake anopenya munzvimbo yakakura sand. Kare uye aripo ehurumende ichi vari zvakanyatsobatana pamwe shinda yezviitiko zvinokosha uye zvinoshamisa nyaya. Ancient ngano - zviri zvechokwadi chipo chinokosha kuti inobatsira kare ano kukanganisika zvakavanzika zvizhinji kare venyika ino. kuti vakaisa raison d'être vaEgipita vekare uye kudyidzana kwavo zvakatipoteredza.

Features Egyptian mungano

Kunyange pasina kuva wenhoroondo, munhu anoziva kuti mungano upi ekare kunobva panyika maonero imwe vanhu. MuIjipiti mungano ane zvinoshamisa zviri izvo akanyudzwa vakawanda zviratidzo akavanda zvisingakoshi zviitiko. Nzwisisa navo kuburikidza chando mupfungwa zvisingaiti. Izvi zvinoda Ngatitarise kwouzivi pane zviri seri tambo mashoko. Nderipi kuchiitwa dzechembere izvi dzekare? Ancient Egyptian mungano ndechokuti, kupfuura zvose, munhu anonzi hakurevi rwisanai zviri kuitika, kwete kuenda pamusoro chii zvino anowanzonzi hwakafanorongwa, nekuti zvose akaita pasinei "akachenjera kuti", vachapandukira vanhu.

Mhare ngano Ancient Egypt

The ngano yokutanga muIjipiti akanga akanyorwa, zvakawanda chaizvo, akati pamberi pakuvaka nomukurumbira mapiramidhi. Dzaiva ngano nezvokusikwa zvose zvipenyu panyika. Mukuwedzera, vekare muIjipiti mungano rine nyaya kurwira pasimba vanamwari. Kusiyana nemarudzi mazhinji Eastern, vaIjipiti havana kufanana inosanganisira ngano zvevanhuwo zvavo, saka avo vanonyanya kutaurwa vagara vanamwari vakawanda. Vamwe vaEgipita vairemekedza uye vanodiwa, nepo vamwe vakatya kana kutya pachena. Panguva iyoyowo, vanhu weIjipiti yekare kwainzi paiva yenhungamiro, nekuti zvose zvakafanana ngano, vamwari vekare vaigara pakati pavanhu, uye nokuzvizvarwa zvavo vakava madzimambo, uye mufudzikadzi vanhu vake.

Vamwari navamwari, villains mubatsiri

About chii uye ani haazvibatanidzi muEgipita mungano? Gods - ndivo vanonyanya kutaurwa mabasa akadaro dzimwe pundutso dzakawanda. Uye muEgipita yekare hapana anosara. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvose vamwari vaEgipita rikakamurwa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Kana wokutanga aigona "taurirana" tichibatsirwa zvipo, yokupedzisira asingazivi tsitsi uye kuti dzikamisa hasha dzake chete pashure vauye nezvibayiro zvikuru vanhu upenyu. Ndiyo nguva kuyeuka zvose yepamusoro zvisikwa kuti ati kutaurwa yekare Egyptian mungano.

vanamwari Supreme muIjipiti vaiva vashoma, izvozvo zvaienderana achinyanya pamusoro nzvimbo mamiriro. VaEgipita kwose vairemekedza uye airemekedzwa mwari zuva Ra, uye vanaFarao vaionekwa vana vake. At Thebes (Upper Ijipiti), zvaionekwa kuna Amoni-Ra - mwari mhepo uye zuva, nepo Lower muIjipiti tonga Atum - mwari yokuvira kwezuva. WeOni, iri Lower paEgipita, mukuru mwari chaizivikanwa Geb, mwari wenyika, uye vari Memphis - Ptah. Ndizvo zvino-siyana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yokuIjipiti mungano dzekare, mwari zuva haana oga. Mumazuva iwayo, vaIjipiti vakarumbidza kwete chete nyeredzi, asiwo padariro ivepo panyika: mangwanani uye manheru zuva. Uyezve, sezvo imwe yoga naMwari kwakabva gwenya dhisiki wakaonekwa mwari Aton.

Kunze pamusoro anotsanangurwa zvisikwa, ngano vamwari veIjipiti yekare anotaurwa nevamwe, hakuna kukosha uye simba masangano. Positive muchinangwa ichi vaiva Amat (mwarikadzi wokutsiva zvivi), APIs (ari vaichengetedza wokubereka uye simba), uyewo Mount (mwari mambakwedza kana kumabvazuva). Uyezve, kazhinji zvinobatsira divi iri ngano vanotaurwa Anubis, Isis, Osiris uye Ptah. Utsinye, uye saka asingachadiwi Supreme Kuri muIjipiti vaionekwa zvinotevera: Sebek - mwari makungwa nenzizi, kufadza izvo zvinogona chete kuunzwa kwaari vanotambudzwa zhinji, Seti - ishe mhepo uye renje, Sekhmet - mwarikadzi hondo, utsinye uye asina ngoni kuvanhu vose.

Zvikurukuru dzinonakidza ndivo yekare vechiIjipiti ngano nezvokusikwa vanhu wedenga nenyika, kuti zviri munyika. Akasiyana nzvimbo yeIjipiti chikuru basa akanzi chete mwari, nepo vamwe vave naye kana vabatsiri kana kukunda uye kuronga. Pakanga imwe chete nguva kunyorerana izvi kosmogonisticheskih mirayiridzo - mwari Nun, inomiririra ari Primal Tobira.

Ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika maererano weOni

The Vagari muEgipita guta weOni nemakapoteredza vanodavira kuzvokwadi yokuti pakusikwa kwenyika, kana kuti, zvose panyika, vakabata kuonga Atum. Mupfungwa dzavo, ndizvo mwari uyu aiva chisikwa chokutanga rakamuka pakadzika waNuni - eumambo, chando uye rima fuma. Kwete kuwana nzvimbo yakasimba umo aigona kuedza kuumba chiedza nokupisa, Atum akasika Ben-Ben - chikomo yakatarisana penyanza pakati ushamwari upenyu.

Pashure kuzengurira pamusoro chii kusika zvimwe, Mwari akasarudza kusika Shu (mwari mhepo), izvo zvinogona kuguma kwebasa pemvura gungwa, uye Tefnut (nyika kuti mwarikadzi), iyo yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi kuti Shu haungazoparadzwi kuti achapiwa akasika pasi. Noone akaona chishamiso chakadaro, Shu uye Tefnut akapa mweya miviri. Sezvo munyika itsva iyi kwakanga kusina chiedza, vanamwari wokutanga akarasika pakarepo. Atum akatuma Vachiedza wake Eye, izvo nokukurumidza akatungamirira vana vake nanambuya. Joy Atum misodzi, vakabva vadzikisa panyika zvikukutu uye ikava vanhu.

Shu uye Tefnut, Zvichakadai, akabereka Geb uye Nut, uyo pasina nguva akatanga somurume nomudzimai. Nokukurumidza, denga mwarikadzi Nut akabereka Osiris, Seti uye Horus, Isis uye Nephthys. All mhuri yaMwari, maererano ngano iyi, ndiye mukuru vanamwari pfumbamwe yeEgipita. Asi ichi hachisi chete shanduro sezvakarayirwa chitarisiko yepamusoro zvisikwa, uye pano ukuru hwavo. Ancient Egyptian mungano rine zvakawanda nyaya shoma nezvenyaya iyi.

Pakusikwa World: Memphis cosmogony

Maererano shanduro okusika anotsanangurwa mumipumburu kuti vaakawana Memphis, mwari rokutanga akamuka mukudzika waNuni, aiva Ptah, inova nyika hwakasimba. Achiedza akavabudisa munyika pachayo uye vakawana muviri. Ptah asarudza kusika mubatsiri zvakafanana zvinhu raakatorwa yakabuda, kureva, kubva pasi wechokwadi. Wokutanga akaberekwa Atum, izvo anosikwa zvido baba vake kubva murima waNuni guru vanamwari pfumbamwe yeEgipita. Ptah aigona chete kuvapa uchenjeri uye simba.

Theban shanduro mavambo enyika

In Thebes nhoroondo mavambo enyika zviri siyanei avo vakatevera mune dzimwe nzvimbo yeIjipiti yekare. Wokutanga uye kukosha musiyano - nhamba vamwari mune dzimwe shanduro yakanga Mukuru mipfumbamwe, iyo Theban rinoratidza kuvapo matatu Mukuru: Mina - mwari wokubereka, Amoni - mwari wezuva uye hondo namwari Montu. Musiki wenyika kwainzi Min. Zvishoma Papera, Min uye Amoni nechekare anounzwa mwari, inomiririra zuva, iro rinopa chiedza, kudziya uye akapfuma anokohwa.

Germopolskaya cosmogony matangiro kwenyika

The kupfuura vakawanda vekare muIjipiti pantheon kuti "yepakutanga" vanamwari yaivapo rengano shanduro pakusikwa kwenyika, anowanikwa Hermopolis. In pakadzika Great Tobira (Nun) akanga hunodzorwa nemasimba kutaurirwa kuparadzwa, rine mbiri matatu vanamwari uye Nisa Niaut chinofananidzira maturo Tenema uye Tenomuit kureva kunyangarika murima, uyewo Gereh uye Gerecht - vamwari usiku uye rima. Vakanga akavingwa yegwara vanamwari mana, takaberekwa tine zvakanaka ravarwi Huh uye Hauhet (kusaverengeka vamwari), Zvemasikati uye Naunet (vamwari mvura), Cook uye Kauket (vamwari rima), Amoni uye amunet (vamwari asingaoneki). Izvi zvinonzi Guru Vasere. Kushambira kwenguva refu mugungwa, ivo vakasika zai akaiisa panzvimbo chete nzvimbo pamusoro mvura - Fire Hill. Papera nguva kubva mairi vakarangana muduku Ra, uyo akapiwa zita Khepera. Saka vamwari akava mapfumbamwe, uye vakakwanisa kuita kusikwa kwevanhu.

Upenyu pashure porufu iri ngano nevaIjipiti

Kwete chete pakusikwa kwenyika rengano yeIjipiti yekare zvakatsaurirwa. Kudavira kuti vakakunda munyika, vaifunga nezvokuvapo upenyu pashure porufu. In Egyptian mungano, kuti pashure porufu yakanga guru rakadzika rwizi, pakati nemahombekombe zvakanga sa zvikepe. Mweya yavanhu vakafa, zvichienderana mungano, pashure kutsakatika kuchaita muviri rakava muchikepe uye akaita rwendo rurefu pakati nyika wevapenyu nevakafa. Chete asvika mhiri, mushakabvu mweya unogona richanyarara. Kubudirira rwendo urwu akapa vamwari: Anubis akanga basa pakuchengetedza muviri pamberi kuvigwa uye mushure Selket dzairinda mweya wakafa, Socar dzairinda pamagedhi nyikadzimu, achiperekedzwa Upuat mweya panguva rwendo Kuvakafa River.

Great kukosha kwakaita vakaridza kuchengetedza zvitunha, yaakanga mummified, apo kuramba zvomukati iri yoga midziyo. Maererano nengano, munhu aigona kuva aberekwazve kana tsika anoteererwa senzira inenge nokuda kwazvo mutemo vakachenjera.

hondo pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa zviri ngano yokuIjipiti

Not akaponesa yekare mungano weIjipiti uye nyaya dzakadai hondo pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. To musi, rakashandurwa nyaya dzakawanda sei vanamwari veIjipiti akarwa zvakaipa naMwari venyama, izvo vanowanzoratidzwa muchimiro makarwe mvuu. Huru murwi pamusoro pavo kwakanga Chokwadi, zuva-mwari, uye pamusoro kuzobatsira vanamukoti mu kudzorerwa kuitira vaiva vanamwari yepakutanga - Shu, Montu, pizi nevamwe. Maererano mungano, Ra kurwisana zvakaipa zviri kuitika zuva nezuva, uye kwete chete munyika yavapenyu, asiwo muguva.