Imotokari yekutanga uye nhoroondo yayo

Motokari nhasi inokosha chikamu chehupenyu hwehupenyu. Mushure mezvose, nerubatsiro rwavo, tinowana rusununguko nekukurumidza kufamba. Asi haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti ndiani akaumba motokari yekutanga, uye chii chaiva nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwakakosha. Asi mishonga yekutanga yakanga isinganyanyi kufanana nezvishamiso zvemazuva ano zve teknolojia.

Motokari yokutanga yenyika

Zvinotendwa kuti motokari yokutanga yemhando iyi yakasikwa kune kure kure negore ra1769. Munyori wezvakaitwa ndiye Nicola Joseph Cunyo. Zvechokwadi, iyi yakanga isiri kutakura kwatakamboona. Zvisikwa Cunyo zvaiva chimwe chinhu pakati pemotokari chaiyo uye chivako. Hungu, injinjini yakashandisa injini yewaini. Nhanho yekufambisa yakanga isingakidze zvikuru - makiromita mana chete paawa. Asi zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti pakutanga motokari yemotokari yakasikwa kuti inotakura zvikwata zvezvombo.

Mune ramangwana, motokari yekutanga yekutakura kwevatakuri yakasikwa. Iyi makina yaiva nevanhu vana. Mumazuva iwayo kuti ave muridzi wemotokari yakanga yakanyanya, yakakurumbira. Asi kusikwa kweCunyo kwaive nekunakidza kwakakosha - kushayikwa kwechigadzirwa chechigadzirwa. Nemhaka yezviitiko zvinowanzoitika mumigwagwa motokari yakarambidzwa.

Motokari yekutanga ine injini ye petrol

Kutaura zvazviri, zvinenge zvisingakwanisi kubvisa mumwe munhu uyo akazvimirira akazvigadzira motokari yekutanga. Mushure mezvose, kwemazana makumi emakore kana mazana emakore, kutsvakurudza nguva dzose kwakaitwa, mhedzisiro yeiyo yakaita kuti maitiro emutambo wekutanga apone.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1885 Gottlieb Daimler akavepa mvumo yekutengesa kwekutanga injini ye petrol. Iyi injini yaiva yakakodzera zvose motokari uye motokari nezvikepe. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, motokari yokutanga yakanga yakabhabhatidza , iyo injini yaishanda chete papepi. Munyori wezvakagadzirwa izvi aiva Karl Benz. Zvinofadza kuti motokari dzokutanga dzakanga dzine mavhiri matatu chete - yechina yakaonekwa gare gare, muna 1893.

Kubvira ipapo, bhizinesi yemotokari rave richikura zvishoma-itsva, mhando dzakagadzirwa dzakaratidzwa, dzakashamiswa zvikuru. Nenzira iyo, kukurudzirwa kukuru kwekambani Benz kusati kwatanga kuitika Hondo Yenyika Yese, asi munguva yehondo chikamu ichi chemabhizimisi chakatanga kuparadzana.

Zvinofadza kuti mufananidzo wekutanga wemotokari yemazuva ano waiva muenzaniso unonzi "Mercedes", anonzi musikana waEmil Jellinek, muridzi weDaimler. Mercedes yokutanga yenyika yakabuda muna 1900.

Mhepo mutsva yemakambani yemotokari yakapiwa muna 1926 - chaiyo panguva iyoyo kwaiva nekubatanidzwa kwefemu Benz naDaimler. Izvi zvakapa mikana mitsva uye mutsva mutsva pakuvandudzirwa kwezvirongwa uye mienzaniso. Zvechokwadi, nguva yakawanda yapfuura kubva ipapo, uye bhizimisi rokugadzira nekutengesa motokari harina kurasikirwa nehunokosha.

Yekutanga motokari yeSoviet

Kutaura zvazviri, nhoroondo yemabhizimisi emakambani neSoviet Union haina kuzivikanwa zvikuru uye inotsvakurudzwa. Zvinotendwa kuti sampuli dzokutanga dzekutakura motokari dzakatanga kuunganidzwa mushure mekupedzisira kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kune munharaunda yeRussia-Baltic plant. Asi kubudirira kunokosha basa rakadaro harina kuve rakashongedzwa korona - chete 450 motokari dzakagadzirwa.

Imotokari yekutanga, iyo yakazoenda mukushandiswa kukuru-iGAZ-A. Nenzira, iyi mienzaniso yakasikwa pasi peisensi yekambani yeF Ford, asi yakagadziriswa maererano nezvinodiwa zveU.SR. Zuva rakakosha pamunhu wese anofarira motokari ndiDecember 6, 1932. Yaiva pazuva rino iyo mhando yekutanga yakabuda mugiyo.

Zvinofadza kuti injini yemotokari yakadaro mumamiriro okunze anotonhora ingashanda zvakakwana kunyange pafosheni. Imwe misiyano yakasiyana-siyana ibhandi ruoko rakatyoka. Zvose magirazi edziviriro akaitwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu zvekuchengetedza, asi kukurumidza kweruzhinji rwakaratidzwa nerubatsiro rwezviverengo, uye kwete varovi vanowanzoita.