László Biro - the muvambi of ballpoint mudanga

Kakawanda, nokugadzirwa anopiwa zita rayo munyori. Pane zvakawanda mienzaniso: "Citroën" uye "Porsche" nedhongwana nepfuti, Biro uye Parker. Asi mira! "Biro" Shoko harisi Russian. Asi ari Chirungu. In New Zealand, Australia uye UK akadana shoko biro zvino vakawanda kunyora chiridzwa - a ballpoint kunyora. Uye László Biro tega izvozvo. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kuuya pfupi Biography ari muvambi.

mabasa ekutanga

Laslo Yozef Biro akaberekwa muna 1899 muBudapest. baba vomukomana, Matias, aishanda chiremba wemazino. Munhu wose akafunga kuti László achaenda makwara ake. Uye zvirokwazvo, pashure chikoro Biro akapinda Medical weVadzidzisi Vedare. Asi Graduation jaya uye haana kugamuchira.

Kwekanguva László aiita hypnosis, uye akatora basa pane imwe kambani kuti kugadzirwa epetroleum zvigadzirwa. Pashure pokunge atamira hachizi itsva, asi dzakakurumbira ipapo bhora - Mujaho. Pamwe chete neshamwari, kunyange Biro akazogadzira otomatiki hutachiwana. Zvadaro, mumwe bvumidzwa nokuti yakagadzirwa awana America kambani "General Motors", saka hapana akakwanisa kuziva izvozvo. Yaiva mhando kukudzwa yokuti jaya raiva pamusoro pamafudzi!

journalistic mabasa

Asi László Biro akaramba kunzvera pachavo uye akazova wenhau muguta rake. Panguva iyoyo, Budapest kwainzi guta guru Austria-Hungary rechipiri. Ari kuitika munhangemutange rokuti ne guta Vienna kuti yakaisvonaka. Kunyange zvazvo makwikwi kuhwina uye akakundikana, asi Budapest ari vakabatsirwa chaizvo.

Chii chakazoitika? Budapest akazova dzematunhu kupisa muVienna - Imperial nokubwinya uye kuomarara. MuBudapest paiva operetta muVienna - dhanzi. MuBudapest café takasvika kushanda uye kushamwaridzana. The Vienna - kuti nomutsa kudya dhizeti.

Akave nokuvandudza mapepanhau akawanda yekwako László rakashandurwa inogarwa pedyo Datenroku. Pano vapepeti typeset nhamba itsva, uye venhau unonyora nyaya uye kurukurai iyezvino misoro. Yakanga iri Datenroku venhau vakauya "Muswe" nokuti nhau.

Pakutanga vanotungamirirwa pepanhau László Biro "Hungary." After kuvhara kwayo - Magazini Elôtte. Sezvingatarisirwa, chikuru nokushanda Chestkuva gamba ino kwaiva kubata. Uye zvachiri akaramba kure wakakwana.

kuvamba

Mukusarudza venhau iyoyo yaishandiswa Parker - rirambe richibvira tsime matanga. Rakanga kupfuura zvinodhura uye yakagozha kunyora zviridzwa. Asi panguva Parkers payakaipira chipo: kana havasi kusiya zvisaririra papepa, kana usabuda.

At László Ndaiva hanzvadzi yainzi György, dzidzo makemikari. Akaudza kuti gamba ino kuti Parker zvakare mvura ingi. Ndicho chikonzero zvaitika. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, kuti ingi unoomesa pamusoro bepa kwenguva refu. Maererano György, kuti optimum mvura pakupomera Pazvibato - ndiko ingi.

László akatora zano nehama, asi kuedza kwakakundikana. Ingi kwazvo gobvu uye asingauyi achigarira maoko kuti bepa negiravhiti. Biro akafunga uye takasarudza kuti tenzi raiva pedyo nebundu rinopindura munhu rirambe richibvira chubhu. Mumwe kuguma kwayo yakavhurwa, uye ingi hakurevi rwugoerera nokuda kwayo ductility. Kune rimwe divi rirambe richibvira akanga akatasva chinyoreso sezvo chiduku simbi bhora. Panguva kwebasa bepa zvakanzi zvayaitenderera paguyo uye akatakurwa pendi rukoko. Saka László Biro akazogadzira ballpoint kunyora. Uye zvakanyorwa zvakanaka!

Pakarenda zvakanga muna 1938. László Biro Ballpoint Pen akagamuchira bvumidzwa muHungary. Pakarepo mushure maizvozvo, ivo vakatanga kuenda ikoko. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti mutemo vakadzinganiswa Kuedzwa hurumende Horthy. Izvi "kusunda" vaJudha vose kubva munyika. László, pamwe nemhuri yake vakatamira Paris. Just muguta guru French akatengesa rezinesi yake yokutanga nokuda kugadzirwa mumatanga. Uye ichi kwaingova kutanga.

Argentine bvumidzwa

Pamwe zvichaita sezvinoshamisa, asi chokutanga vakawanda kugadzirwa zvakachipa ballpoint matanga rakarongwa nenzira British avhiyesheni indasitiri. At yakakwirira kukwira navigators kugona Usatorera Tsime matanga. Uye kushandisa zvisingafi ingi raiva neimwe nzira undignified. Saka, vakawanda kugadzirwa akaita ballpoint mudanga kudhura kunyora chiridzwa.

László Biro aiva muchidimbu Paris. Pashure nechisimba nevaNazi mhuri yake yose vakatamira Argentina. Muzhizha ra1943, gamba ino akagashira munyika ino iri bvumidzwa nokuda kuvamba ake. Zvino László inotangwa fekitari kuti pagadzirwe Eterpen Pazvibato. Mugore Biro akatengesa mamiriyoni 7 vamapoka zvinhu zvayo.

Asi kubudirira ichi wezvokutengeserana kwave dzomunharaunda. Kana muvambi vakasarudza kupinda US pamusika, ndakadzidza ariko ikoko waro analogue zvokuchunisa. Chokwadi kuti enterprising American ashanyira Argentina. Akazoona Tichitarisa vezvokutengeserana zvinogona yacho yakagadzirwa uye, vadzokera kumusha, pakarepo patented nawo muzita rake. Kunenge kuti US musika Biro akarasika zvachose.

Marcel Bish yake "Crystal"

Asi zvinhu zvose zvakaitika zvakasiyana! Mushure Second World László chinyoreso muruoko muzvinabhizimisi Marcel Bisha. Akasarudza kuita kugadzirwa kunyora zviridzwa uye akavaka fekitari pedyo Paris. Muna 1950, Marcel akawana bvumidzwa László Biro. Ballpoint chinyoreso vakakanganiswa hwakavandudzika Bisch.

The entrepreneur akasarudza kushandisa kushandiswa Swiss simbi kugadzira nzira. Pane kudaro aine anokudzwa zvakarurama, pasi hundredths ane millimeter. The dhayamita of balls mutsva akanga diki sezvo 1 mm. Izvi akabvumira chinyoreso kunyora wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye regai kusiya smudges pamusoro papepa.

Bish kunyange vakakwira pamwe zita nokugadzirwa, nani - "Crystal". Muna 1950, France vakatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa mumatanga pasi muchiso ichi. Makore masere gare gare, Marseille akadzivirira michina kwake US bvumidzwa uye akavamba American BiC kambani. The kambani yakabereka serisina kuraswa ballpoint matanga kubva chiedza epurasitiki. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivo anodzingwa kubva kumusika, vakawanda kunyora chiridzwa. BiC boka uye ichiri nhamba imwe iri kugadzirwa rokutengesa mumatanga yose.

mhedziso

Kana László Biro, Argentina akava musha wake wechipiri. In chiSpanish nyika, iye kunyange akashandura zita rake muHungary Ladislav. In Buenos Aires, Biro akararama kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1985. A September 29th (rokuberekwa László) vakava Argentina National yezororo - neZuva muvambi.