Non-ruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani: nyaya nevamwe, kunyoresa

In vemabhizimisi paiva non-paruzhinji kwemajoini vapfuwi makambani. Uye zvose nokuda shamisa yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code vakagamuchirwa. Ndezvipi? Ndezvipi mhando masangano muRussia akaonekwa maererano navo? Sei zvaifanira kuridzwa zita kwakarurama asiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani, kana tava kuita bhizimisi yechinangwa pamutemo chimiro sangano? Tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo iyi uye panguva imwecheteyo funga zvikuru chinozikamwa nuances anoratidza musimboti zvemitemo zvakagadzirwa.

The mutemo mutsva

Chiitiko vasiri paruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani, zvachose idzva Russia. Izvi izwi yakapiwa chete pamusoro vamwe zvemitemo kunoparirwa kuitwa September 2014. Zvadaro kupinda simba zvimwe yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti Civil Code. Maererano naye, vadyi wemari boka akazarurwa uye akavharwa sezvo mhando yepamutemo chimiro emakambani mumwezve zita. Zvino, ari kumashure nemamwe mashoko - kureva kuti "pachena" uye "kuipa" vanhu. Chii chavanoita vanomirira?

By ikozvino vanhu makambani anosanganisira masangano pamwe migove uye kuchengetedzeka kuti inoiswa pachena pamanyorerwo (kana mhindu pasi mitemo yokupira mabasa yokudzora kuchengetedzeka turnover). Mamwe mabhizimisi masangano - CJSC uye OJSC - dzisiri kuchengetedzeka murusununguko riparadzirwe, vakapiwa mamiriro "vakakwana". zita ravo rinonzwika se "vagari-wemari kambani", pasina chinhu kuwedzererwa. Cherechedzawo kuti pamanyorerwo sangano akaitwa, sezvo ODO, haana, pfungwa, hapana rave Classified uye akabvisa. Nokudaro, boka yakatanga muna September 2014, aifanira zvakakodzera zita. New achatanga kushanda muna chinzvimbo yakaiswa nemutemo.

The nuances ose mazwi

Mumutemo mutsva hapana izwi kuti vaizoita kuridza sezvinoita "vasiri ruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani". Saka, yakadaro pamutemo chimiro sezvo CJSC, havana kugamuchira zvakananga analoginen. Zvisinei, kana sangano achine mumatanda, kana kwete kumhanya ari vakasununguka kutengeserana, kushandiswa rokuti "dzisiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani" kuzorwa navo ingangodaro zvisina nenzira. Uyewo, kambani, umo musina migove (chete mvumo guru) richiri.

Saka, mukuru chokuratidza kuti "mbirikira" - akazaruka zvokutengeserana mumatanda uye dzimwe kuchengetedzeka. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzinoti haidereri kukosha chimwe chinhu. "Publicity" JSC, mukuwedzera, zvinofanira zvinoratidzwa kwayo chata.

Kuonawo kuti itsva masangano mutemo apiwa kunyoresa vauye mazita avo zvinoenderana yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita havafaniri kuita nokukurumidza. Mukuwedzera, muna Implementation iri nzira hakurevi makambani kubhadhara hurumende kubhadhara. Interesting chokwadi - the yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code, akataura, vave anosarudza nezviremera kare 2012.

Ltd. - munhu asiri pachena kambani?

In kuremekedzwa zvakadaro kwesangano pamutemo siyana mubhizimisi, sezvo kambani iri pokukurukura yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code pane chinokosha. Kudivi rimwe, iri itsva reShanduro Code of Company zvino semhosva vasiri paruzhinji makambani, pamwe "vaimbova" CJSC. Ukuwo, vamwe zvokudya pamusoro Civil Code haritauri chinhu pamusoro shanduko ravo hweHIV. Nokudaro, boka - zvinoita sokuti "dzisiri pachena boka" sezvo Company, uye panguva imwecheteyo, sokunge yakazvimirira kwesangano uye dzepamutemo chimiro vachida.

mhando nhatu makambani

Saka, chii tine chokwadi Mutemo murairo? The Russian ndiyo mhando huru nhatu masangano.

1. Public Joint Stock Company

Ava makambani kuti vane migove, kutenderera murusununguko wechiGeorgian. Chero zvazvingava, ichi "vaimbova" JSC.

2. Vaviri subtypes vasiri paruzhinji makambani:

- AB, vasina pamunenge muchizvivaraidza akasununguka riparadzirwe (zvinogona se "zvekare" CJSC uye OJSC pamwe kumhara mu kutengeswa kuchengetedzeka), asati agadzwa - "dzisiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani";

- Company pasina mugove.

Vaimbove ODO akabvisa. Nokuti avo yemakambani kuti vakakwanisa asike chinzvimbo ichi, zvino kushandiswa neeSultan kuti kambani.

nuances kunenge kunyoresa

Zvaunofanira kuita kare vakanyorwa yemakambani? Ko vanofanira kupedza renaming maererano nemirau itsva Civil Code? Lawyers vanodavira kuti pane, pahwaro zviri pakati dzemunharaunda zviri yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Code. Chokwadi kuti ndima 11 3 Article kuMudzidzisi mutemo kuti rename sangano kwenzanga kuti zvakasikwa risati kupinda simba yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, uye zviratidzo veruzhinji ndivo vanonzi senhema. Uyewo, kuti Company zvakare haakwanise kuzodzosera kunyoresa, asi chete kusvikira nhambo apo kuda kurishandura murau - saka anoverenga rechi9 ndima yechitatu nyaya nekugadzirisa mutemo.

apiwa kunyoresa algorithm

Funga kuti kunenge kunyoresa (rename) zvakasimba inofanira kushandisa kana kudiwa uchiripo. The nzira ine anotevera matanho anokosha.

Chokutanga, kambani anozadza fomu pamusoro chimiro nhamba R13001, iyo kunotenderwa Federal Mutero Service. The makasimba zvino batanidza zvinotevera zvinyorwa maro:

- Minutes rokusangana havaoni (shareholders);

- mutsva bumbiro vasiri paruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani.

Duty, sezvatakagamuchira akati apa, havafaniri kubhadhara. Danho rinotevera - kuunza kuitira kuti constituent magwaro. Zvikurukuru, ZAO chidimbu uye runoenzanirana rokuti "Pakavharwa Joint-Stock Company" inofanira zita rokuti JSC. Pashure paizvozvo, zvakakodzerawo kuti mamiriro kwezvisimbiso, kuchinja kubhengi magwaro, uye kutumira mashoko kune vamwe nezvokuti zvino ari Company - isiri pachena kwemajoini wemari kambani. Nezvenyaya iyi, dzimwe nyanzvi vachiri dzinokurudzira kubata renaming kwacho kune Contractors uye zvinogona vanoita chakajeka, chii mhando akasimba ndiko, kana achange pamwe. Kunyange zvazvo default mutemo hakurevi nayo.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura, kureva 1st ndima yacho 97th nyaya yacho Tax Code, kuti JSC, vane zvimwe "mbirikira", vanosungirwa kuti kuwedzera ayo zita runoenzanirana chiratidzo. "Non-rinoitirwa" JSC zvayo bedzi ungwaru anogona kuita zvakafanana, kana shareholders vane chinangwa kukuzivisai kuti kuchengetedzeka ichava rakashama chipeto.

Yokunyoresa uye Registrar

Cherechedza zvakare chokwadi chokuti yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti Civil Code of Russian Federation, uye achiperekedzwa vakawanda mitemo omurume. Kune vaya, kunyanya kune imwe tsamba Bank of Russia. Zvinoratidza basa masangano hwakatamisirwa kushandiswa Registrar - kana rakazaruka kana zvisiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani - the mazita shareholders. Izvi zvinodiwa JSCs zvose, sezvambotaurwa nokuda magweta, kuti aurayiwe ane hurongwa Central Bank. Kana rakazaruka kana zvisiri pachena mazita shareholders kambani ichiri hapana akapa, havaoni ayo anofanira kutakura kubuda dzakatevedzana maitirwo. zvinoti:

- kusarudza Registrar, uyewo kukurukura zvinhu chokuchengeta mazita esungano;

- kugadzira kuMudzidzisi magwaro uye ruzivo;

- chibvumirano ne mabharani;

- pachena (kana Ao Mushonga Nachiremba kudaro) pamusoro shamwari kambani;

- kuzivisa vanhu vane mashoko varipo vari kunyoresa magwaro;

- kuti uchatamisa yokunyoresa kuti shamwari sangano;

- tanga kupinda Yakabatana ruzivo pamusoro Registrar;

All maitirwo izvi aite Central Bank akarayira JSC kuna October 2, 2014.

Kukosha kuchinja

Ndezvipi hwokuita zvinorehwa nekushandura ari JSC uye JSC? Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti zvino hurumende inogona kudzora kushanda vadyi vapfuwi makambani zvakawanda nokushingaira kupfuura kare. Zvikurukuru, makambani ose achava fanira odhita zvinofanira kuitika, zvose paruzhinji uye avo vane migove asina mhindu paruzhinji. Hazvina basa mamiriro kuchengetedzeka JSC. Kunyange zvakadaro rudzi bhizimisi sezvo asiri pachena vadyi vapfuwi makambani, kuti odhita inova fanira muitiro.

The Auditor nokudaro havafaniri chokuita zvinodiwa audited vadyi wemari kambani kana kuti munhu ane shareholders eungano. Nyaya odhita - the chizvidavirire uye zvemari nhau. Tanga unscheduled rokuongorora ndivo varidzi vanopfuura 10% dzesangano racho zvinhu (migove kana kugoverana guru). Nzira dzekuziva nadzo nzira ichi zvingaoneka ari Company wacho Charter.

Cherechedza zvakare kuti Civil Code akatanga zvimwe yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti mukwanisi avo kuti isu funga. Kunyanya, kambani anogona zvino kushanda vanhu vashoma pachinzvimbo General Director. Zvisinei, mutemo vasiri paruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani kana "akazaruka" ishamwari anofanira ane ruzivo pamusoro masimba nechimwe. Sezvineiwo, mukuru akaundendi kunogona oga chaizvo. Chimwe chinokosha utsanzi - dzimwe mhando zvisarudzo rakatorwa shareholders pamusoro makambani ikozvino kuva notarized.

Kuchinja chokuita Somuenzaniso, kwakadaro nuance, senzira kuzosimbisa pamazita vanhu pokuita musangano shareholders. Nokuti ruzhinji vadyi wemari kambani isingachinji wokuyera - muitiro unogona kubereka munhu anoramba ari mazita shareholders uye panguva imwe chete anoshumira hunhu kuverengwa basa. Ava zvakagadzirwa. Uyewo, chimiro ichi basa sangano sezvo vasiri paruzhinji makambani zvakawanda nemigove, kuchengeta mazita rinogona kuva Executive sangano, asi ayo basa, izvo chokuita tsanangudzo murwiyo musangano vadzidzi vanogona kuuraya munhu gweta. Uyezve, sezvataurwa ne magweta akawanda, zvinhu nzira iyi inogona kuverengwa vo bumbiro munhu asiri pachena boka - murayiro asingadi zvakajeka rambidza kuzviita.

Uyewo, munhu mutsva shanduro Civil Code akachinja nzira yokutendeutsa kwenzanga mumwe. Zvino JSC anogona kuva Ltd., zvoupfumi Kudyidzana kana pamwe. Zvisinei, JSC acharasikirwa kodzero kuva sangano asiri zvisingabatsiri.

Corporate chibvumirano

Yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code uyewo kwakamboitwa pamutemo turnover idzva rokuti - ". Chepamusoro chibvumirano" Zvinogona optionally kwakaitwa Company wacho shareholders. Kana vachiita kuti, zvino kana yavose vadyi wemari kambani, zviri gwaro rinofanira pachena (kunyange magetsi mitemo nzira iyi, uchigere akazviratidza). Uyewo, kana "yemakambani kondirakiti" akanga "aimbova" CJSC dzisiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani iri pachena zvakawanda mutemo wayo asingadi taurira.

Kuchinja mumirau

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka nuances zvinobatsira kuteerera muridzi chekambani, akasarudza kurishandura kuti bumbiro iri sangano. The itsva reShanduro Civil Code ine nhamba zvinodiwa matsva kuti kupiwa constituent chiridzwa. Funga zvinhu ingasanganisira non-paruzhinji womuenzaniso bumbiro wekambani. ruzivo rwavo zvinogona kubatsira kana ukaronga kambani itsva, uye apiwa kunyoresa zviripo. Saka, chimiro mutemo vadyi wemari kambani non-paruzhinji inofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

- Zita basa sangano;

- rairatidza chokwadi kuti ruzhinji (kana mabasa chaiwo uye mhando chiito kusangana);

- nzira uye mamiriro ezvinhu pasi izvo zvichashandiswa audited, kuti akakumbira shareholders vane nhaka dzinenge 10% kubva kuchengetedzeka;

- zita musha apo kambani rinonyoreswa;

- mazita kodzero uye mabasa chekambani havaoni;

- Kunyanya nzira umo vamwe shareholders vanofanira kuzivisa vamwe kuti dzingafarirwa dare pamwe yakazvimirira kutaura;

- pamazita kodzero wakasiyirwa Vagadziri collegial utariri zvakasimba mamiriro;

- ruzivo pamusoro kuparadzirwa kwemasimba pakati-siyana dzakawanda yemakambani hurongwa.

Ndezvipi zvimwe nuances kunosanganisira basa bumbiro? Zvinogona kucherechedzwa chokwadi ichi: kana paine Kunyoresa asiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani, huru constituent gwaro iri havadikanwi kuti ruzivo pamusoro bedzi mukutsirani. Kana, somuenzaniso, mashoko kuda kuziva kuti Kuronga shareholders misangano - murairo mupfungwa uyu anopa varidzi voga vakabata makambani ari hama rusununguko chiito.

Muenzaniso wakanaka wemunhu asiri pachena vadyi wemari bumbiro kambani, izvo isu akataura pamusoro, unogona zvakare kutsivira zvinoverengeka zvokudya. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoda mumwe pachisarudzo charakaita Mutongo havaoni. Asi kana chichigamuchirwa, zviri bvumidzwa kuti unyorwe dzakavamba gwaro anotevera zvokudya:

- on aireva mibvunzo kuti vakasarudza panguva mukuru musangano, kuti kukwanisa iri collegial utariri yakasimba mamiriro;

- Kutsunga nyaya kuti kukonzera pakusikwa odhita Commission;

- nezvekuti Shareholders 'Musangano nenzira chaiyo;

- on sezvakarayirwa pre-emptive kodzero kutenga kuchengetedzeka kuti vari convertible kupinda yesangano iri boka;

- on nzira pakati nokuongorora General Meeting nyaya kuti, maererano mitemo Russian, urege kuwa mukati kwayo purview.

Uyu ine chaizvo muenzaniso asiri pachena vadyi wemari kambani chata. Zvisinei, chinoita nuances, izvo zvinobatsira kuti Entrepreneurs kuteerera, tikabata.