Vakwikwidzi gungwa Reisen kubva dzekuma Scandinavia. Zvizvarwa dzekuma Scandinavia - vechikamu kuti gungwa Reisen

Air kweItari - yakakura nzvimbo iri kumusoro Europe. Unonzi munhau sezvo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati VaViking. Asi dzekuma Scandinavia rava nzvimbo kuenda musasa uye vakakurumbira vafambi uye vatsvakurudzi dzazvino.

Ndivanaani vaiva VaViking?

VaViking - ndivo vatori mugungwa Reisen kubva dzekuma Scandinavia. masayendisiti Most vanodavira kuti yaiva VaViking kuRussia akadana VaViking, uye muna Western Europe - the Normans. Ndivo yakakurumbira munhau sezvo nyanzvi vatsvakurudzi, vawana dzakawanda. On ivava vanoti sezvo utsinye vakundi uye Pirates. Panguva iyo VaViking vaitengeserana ruzivo.

Zvinokonzera gungwa Reisen

Marine squads VaViking vakafamba nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga - kutsvaka yakakodzera nyika kubudiswa, iyo iri Northern Europe hakuna kukwana. Development nzvimbo itsva pano kwagara chokuita basa rakaoma rokuchenesa mabwe, kuvadzura pamiti. Zvechokwadi, vaida kuwana nyore uye ivhu rakaorera.

Chikonzero chechipiri - kutengeserana. The VaViking vaiva vokutanga vakanga mhindu nawo rwokumusoro uye kumaodzanyemba marudzi. Pasina kuti paiva nenzira "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki."

Uye chikonzero chechitatu - kuhwina mukurumbira uye nokubwinya. Yakanga zvikuru panguva apo kodzero vakasanangurwa vatongi - madzimambo. Kuti varambe simba mumaoko avo, ivo vaifanira kuwana rombo miners, kana kuburikidza kutengeserana kana gungwa ugororo. Vaifanira kutsvaka nzvimbo yakanaka kwemahofisi vanhu vayo uye kuvadzivirira kubva aizotambudzazve zvose kunze vavo "nevamwe".

Viking Age

History anoyeuka mazita vakakurumbira Air VaViking. Hastings ichi, kuunza kunovhundutsa France uye Italy, kela - wokutanga Duke pamusoro Normandy, uye vamwe.

Zvehondo Normans havana kutya kunyange rokuremekedza Karla Velikogo. Vakwikwidzi gungwa Reisen kubva dzekuma Scandinavia akazviratidza nguva dzose mhenderekedzo France, sezvo makore 799. Karl, uyo akasika kukuru vechiFrank Empire akanga zvikuru pamusoro Viking vachirwisa. matanho kuwedzera kumhenderekedzo akaiswa pamusoro mirairo yake. In zvose gungwa zviteshi uye miromo zvenzizi vakaiswa sevatsvaki vemapuranga kudzivisa kuonekwa muvengi. Akavaka kupaka nokuti matare zvechiuto. Anouya zhinji zvengarava zvakavharwa nengetani.

Zvadaro, pashure unokuvadza mishandirapamwe of VaViking muEurope, zvaibiwa kwakaenderera pakati Rouen nemamwe maguta mazhinji, zvakanga vakawana kuti zviri kupa zvikamu VaViking pamahombekombe uye ndigoiita kutsigira nyika mugungwa vachirwisa nyore. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti tibudirire.

Muna 966, Mambo Norway Harald Makaralı kuchiKristu. Shure iye vakabhabhatidzwa uye varwi vake. Kuti VaViking-vaKristu vakazoroorwa Yakabata youmambo simba muEngland, pachigaro choushe akaratidza Svein Forkbeard. Uye muna 1130 Normann Rozher II akagara pachigaro choushe kweSisiri. Nokuropafadzwa Papa akakwanisa nokubatanidza VaViking muridzi, riri kumaodzanyemba Italy uye Sisiri.

Duke William - chizvarwa kela pamusoro Normandy - akakunda-Saxon King Harold II panguva Hondo Hastings. Akava woumambo England uye kuzivikanwa William Mukundi.

Ndiwo sei vechikamu kuti gungwa nzendo kubva dzekuma Scandinavia zvishoma nezvishoma ndokugara yakundwa, vakapinda ukama yomunharaunda kwamachinda, uye kunyange akagamuchira simba roumambo. Pakazopera zana remakore rechi11, nyika zvehondo Viking musango inenge kurega.

Viking Discoveries

Asi ari Viking yaitonga aizivikanwa uye makuru nenzvimbo matongo. Zvikurukuru kuwanikwa Greenland uye mujinga wokutanga kugarwa mairi Eirik Ginger (Eirik Torvaldsonom). Munyika nemhuri yake kubva Norway, uye ipapo kutiza kubva Iceland paakatyisidzira vendetta, akaenda Atlantic Ocean kumavirira. Tadzika munharaunda akazaruka chichangobva kuwanikwa pamhenderekedzo chitsuwa, Erik the Red akavamba misha miviri. Nzvimbo iyi akapa zita "Green Land", akazozivikanwa sezvo chitsuwa Greenland yose, pasinei kwayo chando pakavha.

Vagari kumisa kutengeserana kumusha. Pane akatakura furs polar mabheya, makava, walrus canines, mafuta shato huru, ndiEzekieri - mu Zimbabwe asipo huni, nezviyo, simbi tishu.

Vanakomana Erik - Leif (zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Happy") uye Torvald - dzakabva dzekuma Scandinavia, vadzidzi kuti gungwa Reisen. mazita avo vaiti kuwanikwa America mazana mashanu asati Columbus.

Apo Leif akadzoka Norway kuna Groenlândia, akabatwa ari dutu. Kwazvo achirohwa chikepe akaenda pamahombekombe, uye vafambisi akaona zvikomo akafukidzwa mazambiringa emusango, mhuka gorosi mumunda. Maiva mugore 999. Nyika inonzi Vinland - nyika mazambiringa, akamutsa emusi okunze, masango azere yemhuka, uye ivhu rakaorera.

Hazvishamisi, kuti pashure pokunge adzokera Groenlândia, vaitaura pamusoro nyika kuona. Shoko pamusoro itsva akapfuma nyika aifarira Torfinn Karlsefni, uyo muna 1003 akatuma pakundopambara kuna Vinland. Kakawanda amboita achiwana Labrador ichi, Newfoundland, pashure imwe chando vasvika Vinland. Pano VaViking akasangana vemo. musangano wavo wechipiri dzakaguma ari kudhumhana. Muna 1006 Karlsefni akadzokera Groenlândia.

Sezvo America yakawanikwa pedyo VaViking, asi zvino nzira Vinland yakasiyiwa. VokuEurope akatora hafu mireniyumu kuna Columbus zvakare akazarura kwavari yeNyika Itsva.

"Mukuidza VaViking"

Maererano vakawanda vezvakaitika kare, kutanga Russian mamiriro kuisawo VaViking - the VaViking. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" anoudza kuti kumisa nokukakavara vamiririri necheSalvic nemadzinza Finnish vakaenda nokufamba dzekuma Scandinavia, apo anonzi Rurik kutonga.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Rurik akauya Russia nehama dzake - uye Truvor Sineus. Gare gare akatanga kutonga oga, kutanga muna Staraya Ladoga, ipapo akavamba Novgorod. Akaenda kubva Rurik hwedzinza.

Vakwikwidzi gungwa Reisen kubva dzekuma Scandinavia munguva dzazvino

Viking mweya achiri anogara mwoyo Scandinavians. Zvichida, saka pakati mazita vafambi makuru dzakawanda Norwegian uye Danish.

The Pamazita inogona nomubvunzo zita Fridtjof Nansen, akakurumbira polar mufambi. Ari zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa yokutanga chime kuyambuka Greenland uye rwendo kuna North Pole, izvo yakaguma muna kukundikana.

Roald Amundsen - kukuru polar aiongorora, murume akawana South Pole, kutanga akashanyira dzimwe vose matanda nyika (pamwe Adolf Oscar Oscar Wisting), akaita zvakawanda pane chimwe chirongwa kuna kweArctic uye Antarctic mvura.

The yakakurumbira Thor Heyerdahl - chakakodzera mutsivi VaViking kufamba vachiyambuka munyanza nezvikepe, modeled pamusoro nzira dzekare wekushandisa.

Carsten Borchgrevink, uyo akadzidza Antarctica, akava mutungamiriri chando yokutanga pamusoro kondinendi nechando.

Pakati vafambisi Russian vane vazukuru VaViking. Vitus Bering, kushambira yakamanika raiparadzanisa Eurasia kubva North America, aiva chizvarwa Denmark.

Idzi dzinongova dzimwe mazita vatsvakurudzi - vanhu kubva dzekuma Scandinavia, zvizvarwa vezvikepe vakakurumbira uye vakundi.