"Union of Three Madzimambo": kuchechi kana kudiwa wokumwe mutemo?

Mugumo rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore muEurope kwakaratidzwa makuru ehurumende-miganhu uye geopolitical kuchinja, somugumisiro pokukundwa France kubudikidza Prussia akasimuka zvikuru uye simba German Empire, kurukutika akava hweOttoman Empire, iyo ichiri vakatonga yakawanda nyika Holdings. Zvose izvi zvakakurudzira Russia kuzotsvaka nzira kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro dzakawanda munhandare. Mumwe mugumisiro tsvakurudzo iyi yaiva pakusikwa "Union of Three Madzimambo".

Europe ne pakuguma XIX remakore

Events wekupedzisira chetatu rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, akaunza vatorwa wokuti wokuRussia Empire, dzose kunetseka nokuda kwavo vakachengeteka uye simba. Pashure pokukundwa iri ari Crimean War, nyika kure pachayo kubva zvematongerwo huru European uye chakabatikana kugadzirisa mudzimba matambudziko. Wakabereka zvabuda - kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma zvayo zveupfumi uye uto tsandanyama. Asi vavengi havasi vavete. Somugumisiro kufambira Franco-Prussian War, France chakamboti vakaguma kuvapo sorudzi simba uye simba ehurumende, uye Russia yakanga iri kwayo dzokumadokero miganhu dzidzo ine simba uye hasha - the Empire German. The chokwadi akaratidza mukana paumbwe of rweAustro-German mubatanidzwa, mamwe aigona omesa ezvinhu nyika yedu. Hurumende Alexander II ainyatsoziva pangozi ichi. Kuedza kudzivisa nayo, Russian nezvibvumirano kwakasimbiswa munhu kwokupisa basa. Active tripartite yokubvunza vashumiri vavatorwa madzimambo pachavo kuratidzwa munyika "Union of Three Madzimambo" muna 1873.

Terms of chibvumirano chacho chaizvo

Saka, zviri pamutemo Russia, Germany uye hweAustria-Hungary vakapinda mubatanidzwa, asi kana iwe kunyatsotarisa zvizere muna chibvumirano clauses, zviri pachena kwaari vainyanya declarative. Zvechokwadi, kwomubatanidzwa uyu rinopa mativi matatu chete anovimbisa kubvisa kusawirirana kwavo tichibatsirwa zano, apo kurutivi chechina kutyisidzira yaiparadza kushanda mumwe mugwagwa mepu. Sezvinogona kuoneka, hapana mapato akanga asina kusungwa. Zvisinei, mumwe parutivi, achienda kuti zvimwe zvichemo, vavariro dzavo. Russia kuti kuwana reprieve nokuda kwayo chikuru mutsigiri mu Europe - France, uye kwete kuitwa mubatwa kuti mubatanidzwa German-yeAustria, Austria-Hungary vaitarisira pachishandiswa chibvumirano ichi kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro muBalkan Peninsula. Germany kwakarongwa chibvumirano ichi hwokuchengetedza chinhambwe Varwisei France. The mberi munhau akaratidza ephemerality tarisiro zvose. Muna 1875, kwaiva kuwedzera pamusoro Franco-German ukama, Germany oda kuranga muvakidzani intransigent, asi Russia akazvitaura Hamuzobvumiri apiwa kukundwa France. Izvi zvakaita Bismarck izvo zvakashatirisa yainzi "Union of Madzimambo Three" maturo uye asingabatsiri papepa.

Kusabvumirana mapato sungano

Kusiyana tarisiro zvose, kushamwaridzana izvi aripo kwenguva refu, kupa kunyange uye ghostly, asi achiri rugare Central Europe. Mukupera 70-ies ari namapfumbamwe remakore, ukama Germany uye Russia zvava noruvengo. External muve noushamwari uye tsitsi kune nyika yedu kubva vokuGermany asatenderwe chokwadi, rinoita vasafara uye noruvengo St. Petersburg pamusoro Berlin. Alexander III panguva accession kuti chigaro akasangana kuramba Anti-German pfungwa. Pasinei pfungwa idzi, mambo mutsva akaenda kuzomutsidzirazve kondirakiti. The pfungwa sungano itsva yaiva nzvimbo kuti kana hondo hweOttoman Empire 's kwavakarerekera vagara vandifungira chaiwo zvibvumirano, tsvagai kuchinja miganhu iri kutobaya Porte vanofanira chete kuitika pamwe mvumo vose mapato ose mubatanidzwa. "Union of Three Madzimambo" 1881-1894 Makore akanga pasi inokosha Pfungwa containment pakati vokuGermany uye Austrians, nokuti panguva iyoyo Russia dzimwe hubudirire nzira chete kwaisava

The shanduko iri geopolitical ezvinhu

Zvichakadai, pakuenzanisa simba yachinja. Muna 1882, Germany, Italy, uye Austria-Hungary akapedzisa rechiuto-enyika mubatanidzwa, akaburuka munhau sezvo "Triple Alliance". mubatanidzwa uyu zvakajeka zvinoda mapato vakagumisa kuti rutsigiro zvechiuto nemitoo yose. Yokutanga chirwirangwe raitungamirirwa pamusoro French, rechipiri - pamusoro Russia, muBalkans, kukwikwidzana Austria-Hungary akatowedzera chakasimba. In St. Petersburg, zvinonzi zvakanaka kunzwisiswa, saka muna 1887, nyika yedu akaenda kwemamiriro pakavanda chibvumirano ne Germany. Vanonzi "Reinsurance Treaty" vakafunga mune kana hondo ine nyika wechitatu, asi zvakabvumiranwa kuti ichi hairevi nyaya yehondo Franco-German uye wokuRussia yeAustria. Nokudaro, "Union of Three Madzimambo" uchimhanya akanaka mokuwana.

Pausiku hondo huru

zvibvumirano izvi zvaiva nokuda Russian Empire pfupi. Mukutanga 90-ies zviri XIX remakore zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti Europe chiitiko - the absolutist Russia akaita ukama Republican France. Nedzenyu dhipatimendi akaramba achirova-rova zvinobvira nzira rapprochement pamwe Britain. Kazhinji "vahosi yamakungwa," anonyatsoziva kuti mutemo kwazvo nevamwe anouya kumugumo uye kuti vane zvimwe zvinodiwa ne Russia, pane pamwe rweAustro-German bloc. Mirefu nedzenyu Nhaurirano vakakundikana, saka paiva yechipiri nemauto-enyika bloc "Entente", kusanganisira Russia, England uye France. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko "Union of Three Madzimambo" akabatanidzwa rinokosha muchinangwa kuchengetedza rugare Europe, wokupedzisira rechitatu XIX remakore