Boyar vana (vanakomana Knights). Russian State Army

Iripo kubva pamugumo ari XIV remakore kuti kuchinja Petro boyars 'vana vaiva mumwe kiyi makirasi Russian nzanga nguva yake. Pamwe chete nevanokudzwa, ndivo chinoumba hondo yenyika uye kutsigirwa hurumende munyika.

Wokutanga kutaurwa

Mashoko okuti "vana Knights" vachiri ki zvemadzimambo maringe XIII remakore, apo Russia yakanga ichiparara uye novimba Golden Horde. Zvisinei, kuti mashoko akanga zvishoma zvakafanana nemashoko dzekare pfungwa iyi evanhu chaiyo. Sezvineiwo, vana Knights anonzi vechikamu Hondo Kulikov Dmitry Donskoy kurutivi.

Izwi iri rinowanikwawo rimwe zvibvumirano zviri Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily II, yomusi 1433 gore. In neKwayedza, zviremera akasimbisa Nokururamisira boyars 'vana vashumire feudal madzishe avo, kunyange kana matunhu avo akarambwa nehondo. Ndiko, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti izvi basa vanhu kusvikira pakuguma XV remakore akasununguka wemunda. Vaikwanisa siya ishe asingatyi kusunga pamutemo.

Kudiwa hondo itsva

Asi nguva yachinja, uye shure kwavo, uye vana pachavo Knights. In XV remakore nyika Russia pakupedzisira vakabatana kupota Moscow. Machinda eguta aida kuva autocrat chaiye. Vaivenga simba feudal gadziriro wokukwegura, izvo zvakaita kuti kusabatana uye nesimba munyika. To pakupedzisira kusiya yekare, vaifanira kubvisa duku feudal nemadzishe uye kuwana rutsigiro simba ravo.

Kana yokutanga kubudirira nokushandisa manomano nezvibvumirano uye kukura simba kwoupfumi, wechipiri dzaida itsva kirasi munzanga. Vamiririri dzaro uve Knights nevana. Kutaurwa muzvinyorwa vakatanga kuonekwa zvakawanda uye kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna 1445 uto Russian, rwaiumbwa ari vanotongwa Moscow muchinda, akaenda kundorwa navane Lithuanian varwi. Mumwe kukupfura Knights vaiva vanhu 100. Mumwe inotungamirwa kwakadaro inotungamirirwa Voivod, izvo yakatarwa muchinda zvakananga.

The kwaita Knights

Pane pakawanda maonero nezvematangiro emauto uye munzanga ichi chinokosha. Wokutanga dzidzisowo funga mubvunzo uyu akaedza munyori uye muzivi XVIII remakore, Prince Michael Shcherbatov. Akapayona pfungwa yokuti boyars 'vana - vakabva inozvikudza boyars. Chimwe dzidziso zvakabayirwa kweinenge akakurumbira wenhoroondo Sergeem Solovevym. Aidavira kuti vanakomana Knights vaiva nemhaka rimwe svinga pamberi navaranda muchinda muduku wacho rakakamurwa vanakomana chairo boyars, uye Free uye veimba varanda.

Pakupedzisira, wechitatu maonero anoti pamusoro paumbwe interlayer Knights nokuda manyowa wenyika dzomumaguta Nzanga kuguma XIV remakore. Land wokwavo, wakapfuurira oga maoko. Chimwe muitiro kuti akachinja chidzoke dzaKora eRussia chave kuti vavandudze nokudyidzana amachinda zvevarwi tichiregeredza vanhu kubva muruvazhe Prince wacho. Pakutanga, varidzi vaiva vaduku chete Varidzi. Asi atova XV remakore, vakatanga kutenga nyika mari simba dzomumaguta munharaunda. pedigrees Kudzidza landlords kwakaratidza kuti pakati pavo vakanga vari zvizvarwa anokudzwa mhuri, uye vanhu vaibva nemamwe mapazi vokuparidzira, akadai vanamabharani.

mauto aburuka

Apo vakuru uye Knights akava musimboti idzva Russian nehurumende hondo, muuto pakava kupokana pakati provincials uye vaibva Moscow. Kuvakwa National nemakanzuru mapoka kushumira vanhu. Vaiva Novgorod, Ukrainian uye Siberian Knights nevana. vanhu ava akakurira kumucheto Russian wehurumende. Vari dzakavapo hadzaigona kuburikidza kuMoscow. KuSiberia, kirasi rakaumbwa tichiregeredza omunzvimbo Cossacks. Uyewo pakati boyars 'vana raibva servicemen mauto Tatars, Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari, uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvino pashure Russia asanganiswe Volga.

A nemuumbi kuwedzera kukosha itsva wemunda yaiva yechipiri yezana XV remakore, panguva yaitonga Ivan III. Prince kushingaira kuparadzira matunhu uye nyika kushumira vanhu vaiuya kwaari vachibva vamwe vanatenzi (machinda Lithuania, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Vanokudzwa, Knights uye namakurukota vakanga matanho akasiyana-siyana ehurumende manera.

Kuchinja Ivana Groznogo

Muzana XVI remakore, akaumba dzekare kirasi boyars 'vana, vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka makuru maviri - chivanze (kubva mukuru vakakwirira) nemapurisa (dzematunhu). Chevaux Ivan Grozny pakutanga kwake akanga achiparidza kuchinja akawanda ehurumende. Zvadaro tainzwa kuchinja uye Knights nevana. 16 remakore ndiye remakore, apo vanonzi zhiletskie mazana.

zvidzidzo izvi vanomiririra muboka idzva basa vanhu wehondo yamambo. Mazana vakanga anoumbwa chakajeka uye kupfuura vaikwanisa vana boyars. Vakuru yasarudzwa zvakanakisisa navo mumatunhu uye akavapa Estates mumatunhu pedyo Moscow. The muchiuto itsva sezvo zvavo Knights vana vaifanira muchiuto nokuda nyika yemadzitateguru avo.

apo Romanovs

Nguva Troubles uye nekusagona cheHurumende kudzivirira aburuka mauto akamanikidza Mikhail Romanov kuratidza kuchinja muhondo. Mambo wokutanga itsva youmambo inopfungaira zvaipesana Poland. Munguva 1630s Knights akava hwaro gadziriro itsva regiments. Vakanga ainziwo nyika, nekuti ndipo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akakoka vatorwa.

Panguva Smolensk War pamusoro Poland Knights vaivawo pakati vanyori - vamabhiza regiments, akasikwa kubudikidza muenzaniso Western. Ava vaisanganisira paumbwe landless servitors. Reitarska vakaparadzana kuti wakasikwa kudzora kunyange. Muna 1682, mauto Knights vokupedzisira hweuprofita kuchinja. Mazana ne makambani 60 Varume nerimwe, uye 6 makambani ari uwandu simbi echiShinto. Kushandurwa kwakaguma abolition pamusoro localism - kwegadziriro kugovera ehurumende vemauto nembiru maererano mwero nevaitonga mavambo.

Munda pakati boyars 'vana akanyangarika pakutanga ari XVIII remakore panguva kuchinja Peter Mukuru. The mambo akanga asingafariri pakutsigira akare-maitiro mauto. Akasika hondo itsva, kuti sangano iri European nenzira. Iyewo zvakawedzera kukosha kwamachinda. Zviri boka iri revatongi boyars yakamedza vana.