"Tulip" hurongwa. 2S4 "Tulip" (240 mm) - kuzvipira propelled dhaka chirimwa

Munguva renguva pamwero ruvengo, uye mberi kwacho kuti anunure simba moto rinopamura pamusoro muvengi uchishandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoita zvokukandwa uye atirari nzira. Kukosha zvingangoguma kukonzera kunonyanyisa kukuvara kana kurwiswa pamusoro wakanyatsogadzirirwa kuzvidzivirira mutsetse. Vachiridzira of pfuti, zvakagadzirirwa kuita chirefu kupfuura pasi Ndege ane sandara trajectory ari projectile Kazhinji isashande. Yakavanzwa pevhu nhare vari kudzivirirwa, kuti vaparadzwe, zvinotora bhora zvakanaka kubva pamusoro. Dzimwe zvinoitika kuva kusingabatsiri, pasinei huru nzvimbo nokuparadzwa uye chafariz zvinhu, kunyange kwegadziriro volley moto.

"Tulip"

Photos kuzvinyima propelled dhaka ichi chikamupenyera pamusoro nzvimbo uye mapeji mabhuku chokuita zvinosuwisa kuMabvazuva rweUkraine. Defense Gurukota Valery Geleta, kushanyira Poland, akati pane kuti ichi "ichangobva" chombo wakaiswa pa dzinoshandiswa anopamba muganhu wokumabvazuva hwakaedzwa ari kurwisana chaiyo. Pakarepo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vaizviona propelled dhaka hakusi wokupedzisira shoko Russian muchiuto uye rwokugadzira zvinhu, zviri yabviswa kugadzirwa kuti chikamu zana apfuura. Kupi vane muchiuto hurongwa "AND tulip"? Military rubatsiro kune "muvakidzani hwokumusoro" panguva chinhu. Maererano mudonzvo zvose Dni (asi vaviri chete wavo) kugadzwa akabatwa munguva kundorwisa muvengi, apu, mumwe pasi Big chake, imwe iri Ilovaiskaya bhaira. Asi kuvhiringidzika unowedzera kana vakanga akataura asinganzwisisiki zvemakemikari uye kunyange zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogona kupfura kuti zvichipomerwa kuzvidzora propelled dhaka. Zvimwe zviitiko havana yakasimbisa akaipisisa zvavaityira wokuUkraine kumuzinda ato. Zvisinei, mubvunzo unoramba kana nhandare vaifanira kufunga mukana kushandisa anopamba zvombo zvinoparadza, uye chii vane hurongwa "AND tulip"? Zvinonyatsoita here chaityisa zvakadaro? Ndezvipi zvamungaita? Zvinangwa nokuti iyo yakanga zvakasikwa uye apo? Chii kuparadza unogona chaizvoizvo kubereka, mune mamwe mazwi, ndezvipi tactical uye michina mashoko? Nokuda nezveruvara munhau iyi mhando chombo atakure chifukidziro chinodyiwa pakavanda shure izvo rwakavanzwa atirari hurongwa "Tulip".

Nokufamba ari mubato mutsetse

Nhoroondo post-hondo Kugadzirwa Soviet atirari yokuzviratidza propelled hurongwa izere mutambo, uye saka zvinofadza chaizvo. Pashure anoyevedza budiriro kuti Soviet chombo michina, pakusikwa intercontinental ballistic vatakuri uye kushanda wokutanga Satellite neutungamiriri munyika iri pamberi First Munyori muCentral Committee of CPSU , NS Khrushchev yakabuda pfungwa kuti pfuti vachiridzira projectiles - ". Stone Age" vane yapfuura zuva, Kuronga mutungamiriri webato akaedza nharo, asi, vakapiwa ake unopinza hasha, akaita panzvimbo Ndichitya, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuparadzwa kutopedza Soviet Union atirari nhovo pasina hondo muvengi. "Pasi Knife" vose huru-caliber pfuti, uye kunyange battleships pamusoro yavakanga yakaiswa. Asi pakanga nezvekuchinja ... Somuenzaniso, panguva yehondo CB B. Shavyrina yakagadzirirwa M-240 240 mm mumaturi, izvo 1951 vakapinda dzakatevedzana. The moto aigona kuramba ari chinhambwe 8 makiromita, uye pamwe spetszaryadom uye kusvika 9.7? Km. Mina (projectile pamwe zvimbi) kwaiyerwa 130 makirogiramu, zviri zvokudya kupinda dhiramu breech, kufanana pfuti. Kusabatsira ake zvekufungidzira zvakakonzera kuvhara okuwana muna 1958.

Mushure kubviswa kubva pambiru "Secretary General, chishamiso mushandi," utungamiriri itsva akadzokera pfungwa pakusika hombe-caliber atirari yetsiva nemotokari. Nhaka nhaka makore hondo mwoyo mharidzo. Muhondo ano, ari SU-100 uye SU-152 aigona chete kuratidza pekusadziviririka Kusabatsira zvachose uye obsolescence.

Zvichakadai, US Army yokuVietnam aishandisa M-109 howitzer munda, zvichiita zvakakomba kuvadza Viet Cộng mauto. Kuzvibaya kukudyira US Treasury zvikuru cheaply airstrike kana chombo salvo, uye mugumisiro hakusi muduku.

Design Bureau aidaro atirari, akapiwa basa pakarepo Mutongo Central Committee uye neDare Vashumiri pamusoro pokumuka itsva kuzvidzora propelled atirari enyika. Mukupera sixties of Kharkov Tractor-tangi fekitari akanga nekukurumidza kutanga kugadzirwa 2C2 "Carnation" 122mm, Volgograd kuita 122-millimeter "Violet" uye Urals, wakapindwa ivhu maviri. Vanova "Acacia" (self propelled howitzer 152mm) uye dhaka hurongwa "AND tulip". Akadaro maruva.

Matambudziko pamwechete chassis

Vachinzi zviite kukura yakasiyana nedzimwe muenzaniso nguva, KB tsvimbo, vachitungamirirwa Yuriem Tomashovym, angadai akafungidzira sei matambudziko mazhinji vachasangana. Zvisinei, panguva Perm Machine-Building Plant ainzi pashure VI Lenin (zvino "MZ"), havana kutya nezvinetso, uye nguva kugadzirisa mabasa ose akaoma, uye paiva nevazhinji. Kunonyatsopupurira pamusoro unyanzvi uye unyanzvi pakati mainjiniya Soviet vanoti makumi Copyright zvitupa vakawana mukufamba chirongwa 2S4 "Tulip".

Huru bottlenecks vaviri: yakawanda uremu maitiro uye kusingaenzaniswi anodzoka dhaka ravo. Yakawana motokari, iyo aida pakutanga kushandisa, yakanga isina kukwana kutakura okuita, zvinogona kutakura matani 21.4 (riri kwazvo). "Tulip" ezvinhu Zvisinei, ndikamuyerera anopfuura makumi maviri nemanomwe. State-rakapamhama kuzvidzivirira indasitiri co-oparesheni yakabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. CB "Transmash" akava atova motokari RK Launcher "Circle", iro vakasarudza kushandisa, kuita zvakakodzera STRUCTURAL kuchinja. Kutsiva 400-horsepower injini ine zvakawanda simba (520 zvapano) rwakapedza dambudziko kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye basa upenyu 3,000 kusvika 5,000 km), nekuti moto "Tulip" hurongwa kunge muhondo chaiyo, kusimuka zvakawanda uye dzichimhanya kupfuura chitundumuseremusere launchers. Haukwanisi nharo kuti chassis akaenda KB Yu Tomashov apedza, raifanira yekudyidzana kujairana nokutsiva 80% of okunze yakawana nechigadziko, asi zvakanakira kubva pamwe subcontractors hazvirambiki.

Ndicho kudzoka!

Munguva bvunzo, wokutanga experimental kumumvuri Yokuedzera "Rzhevka" ruzha kwepfuti maviri ainzwika. Wechitatu. The chikonzero - rinorema basa guru wave akasika kwegadziriro "AND tulip". Super yakavimbika uye super-oma muchiuto michina Akaputsawo uye kudzokera mhepo ranwa. Rutsigiro ndiro iri kwedzimba, wakatsemuka, uye mafuta dzehondo yakaunyana semapepa. Nokurohwa raiva simba zvakare, zvakanzi vanofungidzirwa matani 450. aigona kutora pamusoro chete nyika, saka pfungwa Kumikidzo muchina puranga raifanira achasiyiwa. waigona inokosha richikwidibira chikwata pamwe hydraulic nemotokari rakagadzirwa, vachiisa Upfu iri vachiridzira chinzvimbo.

Zvikuru nesimba akabhadhara kure. Panguva nemiedzo pa nzvimbo pedyo Kaliningrad simba kupfuura howitzer kanoni 152 mm caliber vasingagoni kukuvadza chinokosha kune kongiri pillboxes, apo raparadza ravo rokutanga akaparadza kwegadziriro "AND tulip". Zvombo, achiratidza simba raro uye rakavimbika vamene vakawanda kugadzirwa. Muna 1969, makopi vatatu dzakavakwa, uye mharidzo iri pamutemo wokurera kwemakore maviri.

hunde

Chamazuva - hwakanaka nokuda zvombo zvose. Vakakura rwokugadzira nekusimba michina Data vasiyana muenzaniso rakavimbika, kubvisa zvisingakoshi zvinoshamisa panguva oparesheni. Ballistics uye gadziriro zvechadenga dhiramu moto "Tulip" zvizere zvinoenderana zvechadenga chigadzirwa M-240, yakatanga muna Penultimate gore hondo vachitungamirirwa N. Kalachnikova uye S. N. Dernova, kupinzwa basa muna 1958. Perm Machine SKB akagadza towed "dhaka pfuma", izvo zvisingagoni kufamba vakazvimiririra (raida tarakita), asi aiva mukuru azvipire firepower. Iye akapa kuti breech, waimira sezvo suwo mudanga-up. Kana muna 1967 akatanga afunge kwegadziriro, "Tulip", chombo akapiwa pachake chassis kwayo uye mamwe zviyero zhinji, achichipa zvakawanda akakwana, asiwo ukoshi nayo yakawedzera (kusvika 200 zviuru rubles Soviet).

The kumumvuri rakanga Russian nyore asi hwakavimbika chaizvo uye yakarurama, uyewo maererano netsika dzenyika. Hazviiti mudziyo pakuvaka kurasikirwa, muchina akanga nepokuongorora sikuruu mashandiro aiming, miseve kuti kuchinjirwa kune vachiridzira chinzvimbo, shvornevoy paw, compensators, nechigadziko ndiro (kwaari, pakupedzisira, uye aifanira kudzokera), uyewo kuona. Kunyange ipapo, moto aigona vanotungamirirawo makiromita masere, uye muna 1953 kure izvi wakaderedzwa kusvika 9.7? Km tichiregeredza kumberi chaiyo minhenga projectile.

Hunde uyu unorema dhaka uye nhaka enyika, "Tulip", nevamwe Soviet Army akatanga muna 1971.

Special zvombo "Daredevil"

Simba rokuparadza zvombo izvi akasiyana pakati mumaturi. Nokuti vachizvitakudza waida chaizvo mashandiro. Fanera iyo kuputika pave projectile pfuti 2C4 "AND tulip" achirema 130 makirogiramu ari kuputika ane dhayamita 10 mamita. Zvatinosiita nokuchengeta rinoumbwa pondo mbiri TNT. Iri simba guru, asi kunze kuti, nokuti anobudirira kukundwa kubaya runodiwa uye kururama. Kuti uvandudze inoda rinokosha kutungamirirwa gadziriro, izvo chinopa mukana mu-kutiza kururamiswa. Chakagamuchirwa muna 1982, rakazoshandiswa zvikuru yakarurama "Daredevil" (1K113) pamwe gobvu duku muripo (69 kg), asi vakagadzirira ane-divi sere hwakasimba-chitundumuseremusere thrusters. Izvi zvombo chaiyo, inova chemasanganiswa ane atirari goko, uye chombo chinoita zvokukandwa iine kuzvidzora Unit, uye Pointer rangefinder. nhungamiro kururamiswa kuitwa okuvhenekesa ane Laser danda. midziyo oparesheni nguva mumasekonzi asingasviki matatu, kuti haaregi chero mukana wokupona muvengi pamwe kunyange yemazuva ano yemhando michina anokwanisa zvigadzirwa zvehondo uye aitungamirirwa remagetsi chipingaidzo.

Mamwe zvimbambaira

"Daredevil" nokuda kwayo chinangwa chepakutanga chaiva projectile zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa warrior motokari. Izvi hazvina kutadzisa kushandiswa kwayo mune mamwe mabasa, akadai kurohwa, iyo awana Kunyanya kukosha muhondo muna Afghanistan. Chitarisiko chombo akanga asingazivi kuti voruzhinji, zvokuita, mamiriro ezvinhu "Tulip" - mauto. Photo ane zvishoma contingent of Soviet Army varwi uye vakuru vaida kufadza pachavo pamusoro pakanyorwa muduri hombe, risina kunaka mumunda kusenza nokuda kwezvikonzero chinodyiwa pakavanda. Ndosaka zvakanga zvisiri. Kushandiswa kwakadai chombo akanga haashambadzwi. Arsenal zvombo, izvo zvinogona mhosva dhaka 2S4 "Tulip" siyana. Nenyunje mhosva akauya sumbu "Nerpa" iri kuputika dzakaparadzira mukuru-putika zvinhu ZOF16 uye incendiary "Sajda" vanokwanisa napalm kupisa zvose zvipenyu imwe nzvimbo vanenge 8000 mativi mamita. m.

Asi kunze yenguva dzose nokuchengeta, inogona kushandiswa uye chinokosha. Somuenzaniso, simba tactical rangu zvenyukireya kilotons zviviri (3VB4) kana Nyuturoni ( "chifukidziro" kana "nebwe"). About kwemakemikari munitions Hazvizivikanwi, asi kuwanda muhondo kushandiswa tichishingaira-ndege Delivery hurongwa kusvika makiromita zviuru gumi kunoratidza kuti munhu mukana wakadaro.

Ndezvipi zviri nani, "Tulip" kana MRL?

Kuti anunure wandisa kwevashandi kurwa navavengi panguva dzakawanda anoitika achangopfuura makore munyika dzakawanda, kazhinji richishandiswa MLRS "Grad" BM-21. Mudare ichi, vakawanda mikana, kusanganisira huri pasi cost, nyore, akavimbika uye simba guru rokuparadza pamusoro kuvamirira, asi zvakakomba Shandisa kuvhiya ranwa "Grad" asingagoni. anoshongwa ayo chin'a, hapana mano kuti kururamiswa yokugadzirwa kwawo haaiti, asi vakawanda hazvisi nokuda ino akasikwa. Kana uchida kuti varove kumuzinda, kukurukurirana centre kana zvimwe chinhu chiduku, zvakanakisisa kutsungirira ichi basa dhaka "Tulip". vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa anoshanda ari nzvimbo, ayo anoshongwa "mapofu". To enzanisa Nzira mbiri mumwe chete moto kudzvinyirira basa inogona hunomiririrwa bakatwa uye munondo. Chero pakubhadhara ava bladed zvombo kungadiwa, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo - nguva yavo.

Panguva zvazvingava chete, "Tulip" hakusi hakukuringani nhumbi yakakura kudaro guru zvombo, mumwe vapfurwa paminiti, inova kashanu kupfuura kumumvuri M-240. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza yakasiyana muhombe ndinorova mashandiro, yakagadzirwa Yu Tomaszów.

Muzviitiko apo hombe chombo uye kugadzirira atirari, zvakaoma kushandisa zvombo akaoma akadai "AND tulip". vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Hurricane" (kana "Castle") tichabudirira, uye siyana (40 km), uye nhamba wakabudiswa chikwata anoshongwa nguva.

Afghanistan

Mushure nechisimba Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, uto utungamiriri haana pakarepo vaikoshesa zvingakwanisa ichi chombo. Pakati chinangwa zvikonzero izvi zvinosanganisira kushaya tsika uye kupfura unyanzvi mumakomo, kana kwevari vachiridzira pfungwa huru zvakasiyana-siyana. Ndaifanira kudzidza mukufamba ruvengo. Uyezve, zvakanga zvava kuita sokuti sezvo yakadaro pamwero mukuru hondo haangatongovi, uye mauto nokukurumidza, pashure pfupi uye inobudirira rubatsiro adzoke USSR. Paiva nezvinetso zvokufambisa murombo matombo munzira kuitira inorema michina, kwegadziriro "Tulip". The muduri, zvisinei, waiva kudiwa pamusoro kwenguva. 588 pfuti kugadzirwa pamberi 1988, muhondo Afghan, wakapindwa 120 dzakabatana unyanzvi ichi. Kushandiswa kunyanya kwakajairika mukuru-putika kusabatana anoshongwa, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, panguva inodiwa mukuru zvakarurama kukundwa atirari aishandisa "Braves" Laser kururamiswa, mukana munhu rakananga raparadza iri-mita matatu chinangwa chinouya 90%. Zvikuru kukosha hurongwa "AND tulip" awana kurwisa akakombwa munzvimbo vakapakata pa nhare kana kuparadzwa pakuchera misasa mumapako. Yaiva ukoshi vomunharaunda specificity. Huru zvinhu akashandisa mapoka mauto Anti-hurumende nokuda kuvaka masvingo muna Afghanistan vaiva argillaceous matombo ibwe nyoro zvakakwana kuti vakanyura ane 122-mm howitzer anoshongwa, izvo zvisina kuputswa uye, naizvozvovo, haana kukuvadza zvikuru nevanozvitsigira. Art. maitiro "Tulip" akabudisa yayo 240-millimeter 130-kilogram yangu kuparadzwa simba kwazvo. Uye paunofunga kuti yakawanda nesimba pamwe yakakwirira raakawana moto, inoshanda zvombo izvi zvinoita kuti zvikuru kunzwisisa. Afghanistan aiva nyaya yacho yetsiva kushandiswa kutanga. Asi zvinosuwisa kwete yokupedzisira.

MuBosnia, muChechnya nevamwe rutsigiro rwemauto

Pakati dzakawanda Regional nokurwisana dzakatanga yaimbova Soviet Union nguva pfupi pashure yakawondomoka, zvikuru ngozi nokuda Russian nehurumende uye ayo tarisiro akanga ari Chechen hondo. Zvakatanga zvikuru, uye chaiitirwa nokushandiswa zvinenge mhando dzose zvombo, pasina maererano chero zvose proportionality. Uye kudzidzisa nhema kurwa. Pashure pokuparadzwa yaaigara Dzhokhar Dudayev akapomera yeUnited mauto ari kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Kutaura zvazviri, Chokwadi, hapana mabhomba mabhomba yokuRussia Army haasi itangezve. Mumuzinda vanogumurwa Hurongwa "Tulip". Zvisinei, Photos of matongo, aigona kuva pane imwe tatamuka anoparadzirwa mufananidzo shanduro iyi zviitiko. Mina dzakapasanura napakati denga, uriri uriri zvose uye raputika, kubudisa akadzvova zvinotyisa zviri dura.

Munguva wechipiri Chechen Campaign, munhu zvakarurama zvombo zvaishandiswa zvikuru nevakawanda. 2S4 "Tulip" kwemwedzi maviri muvengi wokutanga vanogumurwa anopfuura chiuru maminitsi, kusanganisira 60 Laser-kugadziriswa 40 sumbu.

Atirari uye dhaka gadziriro "Tulip" rakasiyana nemamwe, hakuna analogues munyika zvehondo. Zvakafanana zvinoedzwa pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II kusika vokuAmerica asi basa racho nokukurumidza, "nemhuru" pashure mainjiniya nayo dzinoverengeka nezvinetso, uye pashure Germany mapfumo pasi, nePentagon varasikirwa kufarira pakuzadzisa boka anozvipira propelled rinorema dhaka.

The "Tulip" Zvechokwadi, payakaipira. The muchina rinorema wake bhuku iri nani zvimiso, sezvo vakawanda zviridzwa zvakakwirira chaizvo. The vashandi, iine vanhu vashanu vari chiitiko mumwe kudhumhana ine vakanyatsodzidziswa uye chiuno boka Anti-sabhoteji zvinoreva muvengi vachava dambudziko. Nyanzvi cherechedza zviduku inobudirira Range (asingasviki 10 km kuti kwakajairika anoshongwa uye anosvika makumi tichishingaira-reactive), izvo Zvinoipisisa zvinhu chikumbiro spetszaryadov (izvo haisati zvaitika muupenyu chaihwo).

Eya, hazvisi pasina zvainovhiringidzawo zvigadzirwa. Uye kunze, "Tulip" haina anobudiswa kubva 1988.