Reongororo gasi - sehuni ramangwana

Havasi venyika vose nezviwanikwa. Uye kana kushaya yayo migodhi yendarama uye nemigodhi nedhaimani anogona chete kuvhiringa, kuvapo yeHydrocarbon deposits ari mubvunzo pamusoro chinhanho ari mamiriro kazhinji, kunyanya munguva yehondo. Rich ruzivo kweShanduro ersatz (chinotsiva) awana yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri Germany.

Nechekare muna 1915, German U-zvikepe akaisa Britain inonetsa zvikuru chinzvimbo, kudzivisa kugoverwa "hondo ropa" pachitsuwa. Panguva Second World War, Germany yakanga kusava zvishoma zvakaoma, kunyanya pashure kurasikirwa yeRomania minda mafuta. Zvaiita zvishoma, uye capitulation yakanga chisingadzivisiki. Matangi, ndege, ngarava uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura havazokwanisi kutora chikamu muhondo kushandiswa, kuchava chinhu kuzadza, asi kurwa mberi refu kwemwedzi yakawanda. Marasha, iyo mined muna Reich dzakawanda zvakaratidza yakakodzera mbishi mashoko pagadzirwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa Mahydrocarbon, mukuru pakati yaiva gasi usage.

Sowakajeka akadzidziswa uye unyanzvi masayendisiti German refu isati hondo mubasa kukura nyaya iyi. Franz Fischer, musoro Institute Kaiser-Wilhelm, kunyange muna 1926 gore anobudiswa basa nesayenzi pane zvakananga kwetunhu Mahydrocarbon ari mumhepo kumanikidzwa, kwete chete kuratidza mukana uyu, asi wakati akaratidza kwayo muzvigadzirwa kuwanikwa. The kwetunhu gasi vakawana somugumisiro hydrogen rutapudzo maitiro CO pamberi catalyzing zvinhu, zvakadai musanganiswa zingi oxide nesimbi kana chromium oxide -cobalt pakukoka ari tembiricha kuti 270 Celsius. mutoo kwakadaro anobvumirwa kutsvaka gaseous, mvura uye rakasimba methane homologues.

The footage Makoronike dzimwe nguva yehondo kuona gasi motokari kuti Anomhanyira ... pehuni. Hongu, jenareta, gwenya inosimbisa gasi muvhenganiswa yaiva nekaupenyu tsindirana, uye motokari, zvakanga zvakakwana kutora demo uye kuenda pedyo dondo.

Makemikari remubatanidzwa wenyika carbon monoxide uye rehydrogen H2 mamorekuru, i.e. kubatana kwetunhu gasi anogona kuitwa kwete chete marasha, asiwo chero kabhoni chine feedstock. A muinonzi Fischer-Tropsch kwetunhu, mazita vavambi. Panguva bhuku vaiva dzimwe nzira kugadzirira makemikari mafuta kubva marasha, Rwaipfuura kwetunhu gasi. In chete Germany Bergius akawana peturu kubva marasha muna 1911, asi zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuti urongwa michina.

Kufanana kwokutanga basa, kubudirira ichi waiva mugumisiro kugadzirisa matambudziko anotarisana nevanhu dzakabudirira uye zvehondo nyika vasina kuwana dzinongoitika Mahydrocarbon.

Mumakore pashure pehondo, kugadzirwa kwetunhu gasi akamborasika kushanda kwayo. Kufarira zvemichina ichi rakazotanga mukutanga manonwe remakore rechimakumi maviri, kana paiva "dambudziko mafuta" Yaunoti, iyo yakava nemhaka yekukubatsirai kuwedzera mutengo mafuta kubudikidza weOPEC nyika.

Pasina mubvunzo, zvakaitika kubudisa Mahydrocarbon kubva yakatsvuka zvinhu ichava zvakawanda yakakurumbira sezvo Kuparadzwa zviwanikwa, kunyanya mafuta uye gasi, ane mutengo sezvo mbishi mashoko makemikari indasitiri nhasi richiri kurerutswa. Kana Di Mendeleev kuenzanisa kushandiswa ravo sezvo simba manyuko pamwe combustion Banknotes.