Kuwirirana mufilosofi semufananidzo wehutsika hwepasi

Izwi rokuti "kubatana" rinobva muchiLatin "zviviri". Iyi dzidziso, ine pfungwa yokuti pasi pano pane mazano maviri akazvimiririra. Kubatana kwavo kunoratidzirwa mumuviri (nyama) uye mumweya maitiro. Izwi iri mufilosofi rave richizivikanwa kubvira panguva yeZarathrusta (628-551 BC), kugovana zvakanaka nezvakaipa mumapoka maviri akasiyana.

Mune ruzivo rwechiGiriki rwePlato, pfungwa yehuviri hwemuviri nemweya (iyo inonzi inonzi anthropological dealism) inokurudzira kuvapo kwehutongi hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumagariro uye nyaya. Mafungiro ekare akashongedzwa neIranian, kutanga yakagadzirwa neZarathustra. Akataura kuvapo kwenyika umo vanamwari vakanaka uye vakanaka vanorwisana nehuipi uye kusuruvara kwekutonga kwezvose uye mweya yevanhu.

Izvo zvinyorwa muhuzivi hwekare kare zvakagadzirwa nehutsika hwakanaka, dzakasunungurwa kune imwe nzvimbo yemweya uye nyaya, apo (mune Gnosticism), nyaya uye muviri, uye, naizvozvo, nyika, zvinosanganiswa nekutanga kwezvakaipa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mweya (mweya uye wakachena "I") unova kutanga kwakachena uye kwakachena. Mune machechi akawanda uye mazano efilosofi, kubatana kwevanhu kwakagadzirwa uye kunowanikwa mune dzidziso dzemweya nemuviri, waMwari uye dhiabhorosi.

Uzivi hwechiKristu hunoparadza "kukwidzika kwe rudo norunako" rwaPlato, uko kukwana kwemanzwiro muAsia kunopesana nenyika yezvakafanana zvakagadzirwa nokusakwana. MuchiKristu, kubatana kwevanhu ndokwekuvhiringidza kwehutano uye hunyengeri, hunoratidzwa mukusiyana kwezvivi nezviito, izvo zvinonyanya kutaurwa muzvinyorwa zveSpinoza. Kuwirirana muhuzivi hweEast hazvibvumirwi, sezvo tsika dzayo dzinoreva kuwirirana pamwe nekubatana kwemweya nemuviri, kuvapo kwe "yin" uye "yang" mune chero chinhu chipi zvacho, zvose zvenyama uye zvemweya.

Sezvakananga, kubatana kwemafiro ekuzivikanwa kwemazuva akazotevera kwakagadzirwa naDescartes, uyo anonzi mucherechedzo wake akajeka. Descartes akaberekerwa muFrance muna 1596 musi waMarch 31.

Upenyu nekurerwa kwaDescartes kubva pazera remakore masere zvakaitwa pachikoro cheJesuit, kwaakagamuchira ruzivo rwake rwekutanga, achienderera mberi dzidzo yake kuHolland. Ikoko anonyatsopindira munzira yekudzidza masvomhu, filosofi, physics, physiology uye astronomy. MuHolland, mabasa ake anobudiswa, ayo ave akazivikanwa. Kunyanya kuzivikanwa kunouya mushure mekubudiswa kwe "Hurukuro pamusoro pechirongwa." Shanda mubhuku uye bhuku racho rakaderedzwa nekurwiswa kweInquisition, sezvikonzero zvekuti Descartes akashandura zita ndokugadzirisa zvinyorwa.

Pasi pebhuku racho pakarepo pane nharo dzinotyisa dzisingashamisi Descartes, ndiyo inoparidzirwa neInquisition, kubva munguva ichangobva kuitika, pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17 nere18, J. Bruno akapiswa, akatongerwa naGalileo, uye rurimi rwakabvamburwa kubva kune vazivi vepanini Vanini, uyo akapiswawo. Pakupedzisira, mabasa eDescartes akaonekwa muFrance seyoti uye akakonzerwa nekupisa. Descartes akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake muHolland. Pazera remakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, akafa nechirwere ichi, achibata hove muSwitzerland, kwaakamanikidzwa kuenda kune chikumbiro chaMambokadzi.

Izwi rokuti "kubatana" mufilosofi rakaonekwa pamwe nemabasa emuGermany mufilosofi H. Wolff (1679-1749) uye akafungidzira kuvapo, kuvapo uye kushamwaridzana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvemweya zvose munyika uye mumunhu. Mupfungwa yekusiyanisa zvakanaka nezvakaipa, izwi iri rakashandiswa naT. Hyde muna 1700, kushandisa iyi pfungwa mumabasa echitendero. Imwe tsanangudzo yakafanana yakanga yakabatanidzwa nepfungwa yekunyengedza naP. Beyle naLeibniz.

Vateveri uye vamiririri vehupenzi vakagadzirira mukudzidza kwavo pfungwa yekushambadzira kweDescartes, uyewo pfungwa yechimiro chechimiro chemasvomhu, dialectics uye analytic geometry. Mafirosofi emabasa eSpinoza, Kant, Rickert muhuzivi hwemazuva ano - Rorty nevamwe vakawanda vanozivikanwa vakavakirwa pamagumisiro uye pakagadziriswa kweCartesian mafirosi ekunyengera.