The zvinofadza zvikuru zvine chokuita howa. Interesting notumwe nyika

Chimwe chezvinhu asinganzwisisiki zvipenyu Panyika vari notumwe. Masayendisiti ndambodzidza anonzi navo chirimwa umambo, uye nokuda kwaizvozvi, mycology - kudzidza notumwe - refu yaiva chikamu bhotani chikamu, kwete zvipenyu. Zvinonzi ikozvino kuwanikwa kuti howa tine maonero ari pakati nepakati miti nemhuka, uye vatsvakurudzi nhasi anenge 100 zviuru mhuka.

Chii chinonzi howa?

Panguva zvidzidzo vadzidzi pamusoro howa rinowanzova Ivo vanotaura kuti ine nyika chikamu - muchero muviri, uye pasi pevhu - mycelium kana zvakasiyana, mycelium, izvo propagates muvhu kana mamwe substrate muchimiro mutete chaizvo, ndangova microns shoma gobvu pautinchatyh filaments. Imwe neimwe tambo, izvo zviri mycelium asingaverengeki, rinonzi hyphae.

Fruiting muviri anogona kurarama mazuva anosvika gumi, uye pane mycelium vemakumi uye kunyange mazana emakore, achitsungirira yakaoma kwazvo kana zvakakomba chando.

Memafuta hyphae dzimwe nguva vachipinda balls, izvo zvishoma kuwedzera, uye masero dzavo, achitambanudza, achiumba muduku muviri muchero (ratinoti howa), iyo inotanga kuburikidza substrate uye inokura. Kubva panguva iyi tinogona kuyemura navo uye unganidza mudengu.

Sezvineiwo, mashoko chakuvhe neimwe nzira uye anogona kunzi chikuru zvipenyu panyika. In North America, somuenzaniso, pane rakakura kuita kuti pave mazana hectares. Uye avo uremu mukuru uremu nomwe hove huru!

Musi kubereka vana notumwe

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro howa zvinogona vakaungana kubva zvinhu zvavo kubereka. howa muviri, izvo isu tiri kufara kwazvo kuti kudyiwa - ndiko chete muviri maberekero wake, iyo anoparadzira spores kuti kubvumira kuva mycelium itsva.

Sezvineiwo, kunyange chipi mukamuri anogona kuziva fungal spores, achitora chinhu mhepo mharidzo iyi.

Traditional notumwe, zvakadai howa, kukanda Somuenzaniso, anenge mamiriyoni 40 spores, uye chakuvhe-ngoko - mamiriyoni 100. Asi akawanda mupfungwa iyi, iri chakuvhe-anonyengera ane zvinopfuura 7 tiririyoni spores vagadzirira ruchikonzera. Uyezve, vari chaibwinya kubva muchina nokukurumidza - 90 km / h, ndokuwarira pamusoro imwe nzvimbo kupfuura 2 m.

Kumera, manyoro aumbe howa chivharo muviri zvinobaya kwete chete ivhu asiwo Asphalt, kongiri, machena kana kunyange simbi. Uye apo haugoni kukura, mechidziro zvishoma nezvishoma anoparadza mycelium.

Howa kugona pachako ekunze

Ndiri kuedza kuudza zvose pamusoro howa, tisingatauri chokwadi kuti zvisikwa izvi kuchinja mamiriro ekunze pachavo. yemanyorero pashure pemvura mugove kunosvika chakuvhe spores pusa, i.e., ivo kufamba mumhepo rukova. Kana pasina mhepo anouya Mhedziso, howa zvakadai akadai shiitake kana Oyster, vaongorori vakawana, berekai chiutsi, anoridza mhepo kufamba ari muchimiro convection dzenzvimbo uye vachikwanisa kutamira imwe kure spores.

Zvinotendwa chokuita howa

Chero akataura sayenzi howa, asi munhu kwenguva refu nguva navo kunosanganisira zvakawanda zvitendero uye zvinoitwa. Somuenzaniso, howa, haugoni kutaura kwazvo kana kupika, kana vachagara kuvanza. A chirimwa akakura howa - chinorwadza nechishamiso njodzi ramangwana.

The mukadzi, uyo akaona muchiroto howa kunogona kutarisirwa kuwedzera mhuri, uye munhu - kutarisira utano hwavo nokuva zvakawanda zvokusarudza mune ukama dzaro vakadzi.

Sezvineiwo, vamwe howa, inomera kuumbika madenderedzwa vakakwana. Muna Netherlands uye Germany, howa izvi hazvisi inounganidzwa, nokuti izvi "upenyu hwaAbhigairi mhete" vanoonekwa kuva enchanted nzvimbo, uye muScotland - nzvimbo achiratidza akavigwa enchanted pfuma.

Oga pamusoro howa chena

Achitaura howa, chena chakuvhe haagoni kufuratira. Yake Russia yagara nezvomunda delicacy uye mambo pakati rake mhando. Kana haritombotauri kuravira ake uye munhuwi, izvo, sezvinei, iri rakaramba kunyange pashure nokuomesa, achiri rinozobudawo kuti chena chakuvhe - chipo zvakasikwa.

It kunyadza mishonga kuti vanouraya tubercle bacillus, uye antineoplastic nevamiririri. Vanhu vane kupererwa, uyewo anogumbura zvirwere, chena chakuvhe inobatsira chaizvo. Uye kunze, iye Anotuka apore, normalizes thyroid basa, anovandudza mamiriro nembambo, bvudzi uye ganda, uye inobatsira muviri pakurwara zvirwere. Regai howa uye chemishonga yose!

About chimiro howa

Unogona kuudza zvakawanda pamusoro howa. White howa, boletus, boletus uye zvimwe zvinhu "kunovhima kunyarara" - Ichokwadi, kwete zvose howa umambo.

Pane mumasango edu uye yakawanda howa, pamwe noshamisa zvitarisiko uye mavara. Somuenzaniso, howa-rogatik ane inopenya Orange ruvara uye nekorari-kufanana manyoro kana clathrus ruber, ichiibvira michena, zai-zvakadai, uye anowana pakupedzisira muviri zvinoumba piriviri trellis bhora.

Zviya, chakuvhe ichi ndowenyika notumwe-mavara. Howa Ava kunyanya vazhinji mumasango anogara achinaya mvura. Pane pane zvisikwa zvachose akasiyana chakatodzana Somuenzaniso, girazi, sezvinoita howa kubva kuIndia, kana tsvuku, vakabata tentacles howa pamwe Java. Uye chinonyanya noshamisa yakachena kufunga diktiafor campanulate howa kukura mumasango South America. Paanokura mumaawa maviri chete uye ipapo runodzingira kubva pasi ake chivharo openwork chena pechidzitiro chinovafukidza chando-chena gumbo uye manheru glows greenish rakavanzika ruvara. Local vagari, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vanouti "Lady pasi kwechidzitiro."

Amazing Howa nyika "ropa zino" uye "undotenga asiterisiki"

Kuti tinzwisise kuti kujairika izvi zvipenyu, tichava kutsanangura zvinofadza zvikuru howa nyika.

Hydnellum Peck kana "Bleeding zino". Izvi chakuvhe zvinoshamisa zvinogona kuonekwa coniferous Masango Central Europe uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo nePacific Ocean. Piriviri mvura, izvo anongotaura, uye anenge akaita sedonhwe ropa. Uyezve, ine zvinovava kwazvo kuravira, uye ichi kutyiswa mhuka uye vanhu.

"Hari asiterisiki". chakuvhe iri kuonekwa anonyengera, izvo kurarama latitudes zvose zvenyika. Kunoshamisa ndiye anogona kuchinja chitarisiko chavo, paive akazviratidza kubva muvhu. Mwaranzi of "nyeredzi" iri zvishoma nezvishoma hwakakungwa pasi uye muviri idenderedzwa muchero uchisimudzwa uye "nhungirwa" spores mumhepo. MaIndia vanotenda kuti notumwe anogona kufanotaura nezveramangwana zviitiko zvinoshamisa mumatenga.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro howa ezhovike uye Plasmodium

anonakidza Hericium erinaceus, izvo haruzvitsvakiri somunhu zvetsika howa. Asi, afanane matope, izvo zvimwe akazviratidza pamuti, apo, sezvinei, anoda kukura ezhovik. akagadzirira zvakanaka, kuti chakuvhe riri dzinonaka chaizvo, asi mukuwedzera, zviri anokwanisa tikarega ropa shuga pamwero munhu uye anokwanisa kudzivirira muviri chepfu migumisiro.

Kufunga plasmodium vanogona kudzidza uye kunyange vamwe dzinonakidza zvinhu. About Howa haagoni kufunga kuti vanogona kufamba, uye zvinoita sokuti, uye izvi vanogona kuita. Plasmodium Chokwadi, kwete sprinter, asi mazuva mashoma ndinogona kukwira kuna akakurumbira pakati chigutsa. Whew! It anofamba, kana pane yobvisa ichi dzinongoitika hazvishamisi pakati mapazi yeRussia uye anotarisa zvikuru zvakafanana muramba.

Chakajeka uye riri kukura nokukurumidza chakuvhe

It anotarira chaizvo attractively yakashongedzwa neshamhu inopenya Trametes versicolor - vakawanda maonero enyika Howa, rinorarama kunyanya hunde dzacho emiti akafa. Masayendisiti akawana kuti pafuma chakuvhe ichi boosts kutapata uye aigona kubatsira zvikuru pakurapa kenza, uye Chinese mushonga rinoshandiswa kwemazana emakore akawanda.

Uye pano chimwe inonakidza pamusoro howa: zviya, zvinenge izvi zvinogona sunbathe. Ivo zvibereko vhitamini D, uye ruvara zvavo heti muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinoenderana sei zvikuru chiedza chezuva pasi nzvimbo dzavo.

The Guinness Book of Records dzakanyorwa howa-Veselka, inova 2 maminitsi chinokura 1 masendimita Vakamira kubva muvhu, zvinoita seboka grayish zai, mangwana -. Hazvina amburera pane nhete nedzinde, uye pazuva rokutanga aboveground chikamu chakuvhe rechitatu nokupera.

Nzvimbo yose notumwe mavakanga chete havararami!

Howa hunoshamisa uye kuti vanogona zviripo sezvisingaiti ezvinhu. Vanokura zvakanaka mukati mammalian, uye chokumusoro mhepo, panguva imwe kukwira vanenge 30 km. Vatsvakurudzi dzinonakidza uye mashoko akadaro pamusoro howa: zvinongoitikawo kukurira mhando dzose dzokuteerera uye vanogona kutanga kunyange sulfuric acid.

Uye muna 2002 panguva paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa ari kuparadzwa reactor, masayendisiti akawana howa kuti mwaranzi raidiwa kuti kukura uyewo chiedza miti. Sechivako izvi zvinenge zvinoshamisa kunosanganisira incredible yakawanda rwe-melanin, zvakafanana nenhumbi inodzivirira ganda redu ultraviolet nemwaranzi.

Interesting pamusoro howa - zvikara

Kunewo howa zvikara, preying tumbuyu diki. Vane namuka akavaka-kana zvimwe mano kuti kuvhima. Somuenzaniso, chakuvhe anogona kukanda spores izvo achanamatira muviri njanji uye kutanga kukura mariri. Munhu wacho, Chokwadi, anofa.

Nezvimwe zvose howa Cordyceps lopsided asi yaisanzwisisa. Iye, Sezvineiwo, vanogona kunyange kutendeuka nezvipembenene kupinda zombies. Sezvaanoita ichi, masayendisiti handizivi, asi ane svosve, ari kufema ino iyo spores ari chakuvhe raparadza, "akateerera" anoenda nzvimbo dzinokodzera pakuzadzisa ari chisvetasimba vaigara mariri. Svosve anowana chirimwa yakadaro uye rakundwa mariri jira kuti yakakodzera tembiricha uye mwando ipapo inoruma mariri neshure divi jira. The chakuvhe kunouraya kusvosve, hunovambira mairi, uye akapukunyuka kuburikidza seri musoro, vanorasira itsva muurayi spores.

Howa kubatsira kuchenesa nyika

Tinoziva pamusoro uturu howa, howa pamusoro zvikara, notumwe tupukanana, asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti vanogona kubatsira chaizvo uye ravo nemano zvinoshamisa kurarama apo vamwe zvinenge vanourayiwa.

Saka rwendo kubva Yale University inowanikwa mumatondo muEcuador, itsva mhando chakuvhe (Pestalotiopsis microspora). Utachiona uhwu Tidzidze polyurethane, uye kuzviita kunyange pasina oxygen. It anopikira tarisiro ndichiva kubvisa imwe zvinhu kusingabvumi haina kunyanya akafumuka, zvamunozvidza zvikuru pasi yemberi.

In notumwe pabonde!

Chokwadi, sayenzi inogona hazvitauri kuziva zvose pamusoro howa. Ose zvino vaongorori ipapo kuti Zvakawanikwa mu mycology. Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti vanozivikanwa zviratidzo kuti anokonzera chakuvhe kuva nehadzi kana munhurume. Iye, Sezvineiwo, zviri pfupi DNA sequences kuti kufanana bonde okutodza muvanhu.

Howa kutendeukira kuva muenzaniso yakakodzera kwazvo kudzidza bonde kusiyana panguva majini chechetere.

Howa vakura zvikuru kupfuura dinosaurs

In mycologists vane ruzivo zvachose zvinoshamisa pamusoro howa: sezvo zvikazooneka, vachiri rinogarwa Pasi mamiriyoni 400 apfuura! Zvakaratidza kuti vakura kupfuura dinosaurs. Ndicho vagari vakawanda vekare yepasi, vaigara pamwe hofori ferns uye, kusafanana ekupedzisira, regai dimura uye kushandura uye kuchinja, nokuramba kwayo chitarisiko nanhasi.

Uye isu, sokuti, dzidza pamusoro pavo zvizhinji kunakidza chokwadi. About Howa kure zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, asi zviri pachena kuti zvinenge ava kudzidza kupfuura hwakadzama uye kungwarira.