The Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda: zvinomera, mhuka, shiri

Tyumen nharaunda chikamu Western kweSiberia. zvakasikwa ezvinhu ayo chaizvo zvakanyanyisa, asi nemiti uye fauna of akafuma zvikuru. A mupiro nouchapupu kuti kuchengetedza anounza Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda.

A zvishoma pamusoro nharaunda

Tyumen Region chikamu Urals Federal District uye ndezvaiye kudunhu Western kweSiberia. Pamwe zvionera nharaunda nayo akatambanudza kubva kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu munyika nemahombekombe kweArctic Ocean. Bordered Arkhangelsk, kuKurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk nharaunda uye Kazakhstan.

Nharaunda ndiyo yechitatu pakukura nzvimbo (1,4 sq. M. Km). vagari vemo vanhu mamiriyoni 3,6. Administration of Tyumen nharaunda riri mu huru muguta - Tyumen, rwakazokura guta kuSiberia yokutanga Russian muna 1586.

Vasati kuti, nharaunda yaigarwa neDare Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets kana Samoyeds, uye madzinza Turkic akatora chimiro pamusoro nguva dzinza boka Siberian Tatars. Kubva XIV remakore, nharaunda yaiva chikamu Tyumen Region, uye ipapo kuSiberia Khanate. Muna 1582 Ural vatengesi kubudikidza vakaripira Cossacks akakunda idzi, nokupwanya ari Khanate. Pari vakawanda vanogara - Russian.

Zvino munda nekukudziridza Magetsi maindasitiri, chinotsva indasitiri, mavhoriyamu izvo pokutanga kutanga muRussia. Kuitwa miti, matanda hunde kunopfuura mabhiriyoni cubic metres. Mune zvokurima, kupatsanurwa 3 chete% nyika.

Nature uye Geography

Nokuti kwayo kukura nharaunda wechipiri chete Krasnoyarsk nharaunda uye Yakutia. Nharaunda iri mukati achinaya mvura, gwenga kweArctic, dondo achinaya mvura, taiga, dondo uye masango yakavhenganiswa. Vanopfuura 90% of nharaunda kuonekwa North Far.

Natural uye okunze vane hasha pano. chando nguva yakasiyana pfungwa nharaunda iri anoda kubva 140 kusvika 200 mazuva. Paavhareji January tembiricha anoda kubva - 16 - 26 ^C. Muchirimo, avhareji tembiricha wakachengetwa kumativi vangasvika 19 inegumi.

The Nzvimbo iri kunyanya sandara mumapani. Taiga mumasango akafukidza zvikuru yacho. Kumaodzanyemba zvikamu nzvimbo moorland zvinomera uye masango-inowanzorimwa. Yezvakaita Tyumen nharaunda mupfumi uye yakasiyana-siyana, pasinei zvakanyanyisa ezvinhu.

Nharaunda ine vanopfuura zviuru 70 nzizi nehova, pamusoro chete madhamu. The zvachose urefu nokuhova - vanenge 10 makiromita. Nzizi pakukura ndivo Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Ndivo riri reservoirs uye Hydroelectric simba zvinomera. In kumaodzanyemba nevakariri vava kure negungwa madhamu nechepakati uye kuchamhembe chikamu - Marsh uye thermokarst.

The Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda

Full pamazita pangozi, pangozi uye zvisingawanzoitiki nemhuka, zvinomera uye hunokuvadza dzakanyorwa muna Red Book of nharaunda. Tyumen Region Administration zvarayirwa rayo shure zvisikwa 1999. Updating uye kusunungura reissues mabhuku, zviremera zvomunzvimbo zvinodiwa anenge pamakore gumi nemashanu.

The Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda zvinosanganisira 711 marudzi, vanopfuura 250 mhando zvinomera uye hunokuvadza uye lichens. Inoitwa nhanhatu (kusanganisira razero) huru Mapato, zvichienderana papi zvipenyu. Saka, muchikwata wechishanu (V) zvinoreva rudzi rune nhamba ipfupi uye hakudi okuwedzera chiito nomunhu.

By Category IV marudzi mashoko kusanganisira vakawanda hapana kana zvishomanana. Muchikwata wechitatu unosanganisira kushoma uye vemunyika kana endemic mhando, wechipiri - kuderedza, wekutanga - panjodzi. Zero rine ruzivo pamusoro kunge yakatotsakatika mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uye ruzivo pamusoro pavo hakuna anopfuura hafu yezana remakore.

mhuka

Mhuka yacho Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda havasi anounzwa imwe list, uye vari akakamurwa Sub-mhando, zvichienderana mhando yayo, mukirasi, kana boka. dzakanyorwa gungwa tsuro (III muchikwata) pakati mhuka - nemicherechedzo mumiririri. Factor vakaomerwa ayo kupararira, uyewo dzimwe mhuka, ndiye kusvibiswa, poaching.

Rare mhando: European Netsuro, inosvetuka kukuru, Korsak, polar bheya, poro. Kuwanda Jungar BoyzMikaro uye kuchamhembe pikas dzinosiyana zvikuru uye zvinoenderana okunze - nguva kwemvura, mvura, chando.

Poaching uye kushaya zvokudya zvedu, kuderedza uwandu walruses, narwhals kuchamhembe kuti ndezvaJehovha II muchikwata. Zvikonzero zvacho ndizvo zvinoitawo kuti bowhead shato huru, vanogara Sea Kara, chinhu pangozi. Kunyangarika kumeso uye reEurope mink, izvo achishingaira displaces American mink.

Fish, amphibians, arthropods

Red Book inodaro Tyumen nharaunda 10 mhando hove uye cyclostomes, 7 amphibians uye amphibians, vanopfuura 100 arthropods. Natural zvinokonzera dzakachinja chete maererano nokuwanda bullhead, hove uye vamwe cyclostomes (Rainbow, chena Sarimoni, Siberian Sturgeon uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uri kufa nemhaka yemabasa evanhu.

Pakati zvinokambaira uye amphibians vanoonekwa zvisingawanzoitiki legless nedzvinyu Anguis fragilis, zvakare, uyewo vanhuwo datya. The yokupedzisira zvinozivikanwa kuti ane unopinza nokunhuhwira negariki. Siberian salamander uye newt vari panjodzi, kubatsirwa mifananidzo, kumeso nyoka uye uswa datya kukurumidza kuchembera pauwandu.

List pakati arthropods of Red Book iguru. Rare howa vari wokumaodzanyemba tarantulas Russian - the madandaude kupfuura mudunhu. Uyewo chikamu ichi kuonekwa zvimwe dragonflies, cicadas gomo, zvipembenene,-refu nyanga zvipembenene, weevils, pamusoro ladybirds mhando inova gumi mavara. Manyoro kumativi barbel anonzi pangozi.

shiri

Shiri Tyumen nharaunda, rwakaiswa pangozi, rinosvika 117 marudzi. Izvi, 74 mhando zvinoda kuramba zvichiongororwa pamusoro chikamu munhu, nokuti mashoma uye kudzivirirwa. Pakati izvi mhando petrel inonzi zvoupenzi, Dhadha shelduck, Siberian uye zvakajairika Eider, griffon gora, krechanka, moorhen. shiri idzi dziri muna okuwedzera ari mubhuku.

The peji chikuru anopa mamwe mashoko pamusoro nomumwe, izvo pane 43. The Mungozi Savka, nyoka gondo, Cranes, Siberian Cranes. Pakati isingawanzowanikwi uye kuderera mune nhamba kwazvakaita kuonekwa zizi DALMATIAN nehukurwizi, Flamingo, gondo guru mavara, Bewick kwakaita nejichidza, nekondo.

Muitiro vakatarira vanogara kupora kuchengetwa mbeveve nejichidza uye hove. Yakatotsakatika howa vanoonekwa bustard, vaduku kestrel, ibwe curlew uye duku bustard.

zvirimwa

Anopfuura mazana maviri mhando kasvisto unocherekedza Red Book of Tyumen nharaunda. Plants vari rakakamurwa angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes uye plaunoobraznye. Pakati angiosperms isingawanzowanikwi uye kuderera mune nhamba dzimwe mhando hanyanisi (vachirembedza, wakaisvonaka meshed), sedges (kusunungura, makomo, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa), Rhynchospora alba. Russian anonyangarika Iris, murove karamusi.

Pakati ferns zvapfuura uye pfumo-zvakaumbwa lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. Mhando yasara hadziwanzowaniki kana vachishingaira wakaderedzwa pauwandu. Somuenzaniso, Alpine Woods, uye vamwe Colutea Dryopteris. Pakati Moss chikwindi, vachikumbira kuteerera vari Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

The vakaomerwa chinhu zvinomera zvakawanda ndiwo mugodhi. Nenyunje akavhiyiwa mumigodhi kukuparadzwa yavo rwokuzvarwa dzinogarisana. Ikatambura, Somuenzaniso, rakamonana skrytokuchnitsa, Kosten mutema, riri pamusoro reraimu dzakatenuka.

Notumwe uye lichens

Uwandu notumwe uye lichens mubhuku - vanenge makumi matatu. Kubva dzinodyiwa notumwe anganzi chena Boletus dhayamita dzimwe nguva inosvika chivharo kwayo 25 masendimita. Inokura mune unyengeri nzvimbo nemipaini uye Aspen masango. Strange-achitarisa mutinus caninus huchidyiwa chete kana ari zai deko.

Vaiona isingawanzowanikwi lacquered uye ndachena-yellow Polypore, akanzwa onniya, datroniya, abortipus Biennial, hericium coralloides. A zvisingawanzoitiki dzepepuru cortinarius uyewo vaiona dzinodyiwa. Kuwedzera Tyumen nharaunda, inowanikwa mune Primorsky uye Krasnoyarsk Territories.

Pakati zvisingawanzoitiki lichens vari asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, akanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. Chinokonzera kutsakatika dzavo achiva zvoupfumi uye nzvimbo basa munhu. Nokuti ichidzikira bapu Lobar vakaomerwa chinokonzera ndiko kusvibiswa mhepo.

Protection zvikamu

Reserves reserves of Tyumen mudunhu akasimbisa kuti kudzivirirwa zvinomera nemhuka marudzi, uye kuchengetedza zvinokosha dzinongoitika nharaunda. Kudeuka mutambo reserves mudunhu vari Kunyaksky, Vikulov uye Tyumen.

Total kuchengeterwa napakati yeUnited uye 95 remunharaunda kukosha. In Ugra uye Yamal nharaunda ine mana akadzivirira nzvimbo - the Upper Taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Nature Reserve uye gyda.

Upper Taz Reserve iri mujinga zvikomo anosvika 50 metres kureba. On kwayo ndima dzakawanda rwizi mumipata uye hova kuti akava nzvimbo yakanaka upenyu mhuka isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinomera. Zviri musha kune zvisingawanzoitiki Siberian salamander, negoroodyo, nyoka, wolverine, Stony, kukura misidhari, spruce, larch.