The autonomic tsinga anoita kushanda zvose nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu. Basa, kukosha uye basa autonomic tsinga

The autonomic tsinga murume ane zvakananga kukanganisa basa zhinji nhengo dzomukati uye hurongwa. Nemhaka yake, akaita afemeruke, kuparadzirwa, kufamba uye mamwe mashandiro anoita muviri womunhu. Zvinofadza kuti pasinei yayo yakawanda simba, kuti autonomic tsinga zvikuru "kuvanza", kureva. E., Hapana anogona zvakajeka kunzwa kuchinja kwake. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti hatifaniri kubhadhara zvakafanira kuteerera basa nevaTire ari mumuviri womunhu.

The huta hwevanhu ezvinhu: nemapoka ayo

The chikuru basa of National Assembly munhu - ndiko kuti pave zano kuti aizoita batanidza ose nhengo uye hurongwa womunhu muviri pamwe. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, aizokwanisa kuti huvepo uye ushande. Hwaro kushanda huta dzevanhu ezvinhu rudzi mamiriro inonzi dzouropi (vanoita kuonana Via tsinga nomunhu mumwe nomumwe). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti anatomi kwevanhu NA kunosanganisira madhipatimendi zviviri: mhuka (somatic) uye zvionera (vegetative) huta gadziriro. First vakasikwa ainyanya kune muviri womunhu waigona kuonana nevanhu kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, mamiriro ezvinhu ane wechipiri zita raro - mhuka (.. Ie, mhuka), nokuita avo mabasa kuti vari tinoberekwa pavo. The kukosha autonomic tsinga vanhu hakusi kukosha, asi musimboti basa rayo zvakasiyana - kudzorwa pamusoro avo mabasa kuti vari kukonzera kufema, kugaya uye vamwe mabasa, kunyanya kuri mumashoko miti (saka wechipiri zita hurongwa - zvionera).

Ndechipi autonomic tsinga yacho munhu?

NevaTire anoshanda tichibatsirwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu (a seti masero etsinga dzavo zvinoshandiswa). Ivowo, kushanda kuburikidza kuti atumire chaizvo anonongedzera kuti siyana nhengo, mumasero uye mugadziriro uropi uye musana. Sezvineiwo, Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ndiyo chikamu autonomic tsinga vari kukonzera kushanda mwoyo (kuderedza izvozvo), kushanda nemudumbu (peristalsis), basa mate mumasero. Chaizvoizvo, saka, vanoti autonomic tsinga anoronga basa nadzo uye hurongwa mukusaziva, kubva pakutanga mabasa aya kuri mumashoko miriwo, uye ipapo mhuka uye vanhu. Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, izvo zvinoumba nemhaka VNS, vanokwanisa rakasikwa zvimwe kuzara, riri muuropi uye musana. Vakapiwa zita "autonomic nuclei." Uyewo pedyo nhengo nomuzongoza vegetative NA dhipatimendi anokwanisa kuumba ganglia. Saka vegetative musimboti - chinhu chinokosha mhuka maitiro uye ganglia - peripheral. Chaizvoizvo, mashoko nevaTire iri muzvikamu zviviri zvinoti: tsitsi uye parasympathetic.

Chii Basa VNS ari mumuviri womunhu?

Kazhinji vanhu haagoni kupindura nyore mubvunzo: "The autonomic tsinga anoita basa iri:? Tsandanyama, nhengo kana hurongwa"
Kutaura zvazviri, zvinonzi, chokwadi, zviri "Achipindura" muviri womunhu kune mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira kubva kunze uye mukati imwe mhando. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti autonomic tsinga chinoshanda muviri wako ose wechipiri, asi ayo basa imperceptible. Somuenzaniso, mutemo kwomuzvarirwo yevanhu womukati mamiriro (kuparadzirwa, afemeruke, kusurukirwa, mahomoni, etc ...) - ndicho chikuru basa autonomic tsinga. Uyezve, anogona kushanda zvakananga rokuchinja vamwe zvinoriumba womunhu Somuenzaniso, tsandanyama (cardiac, skeletal), siyana nhengo (somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kana marwadzo ari mudzidzi), nekenza kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, uye zvakawanda. The autonomic tsinga anoita muviri womunhu basa ne zvakasiyana migumisiro pamusoro zvomukati, iyo inogona conventionally anomiririrwa matatu mhando:

- kudzora muviri ari masero mitumbi siyana, anonzi trophic kuzvidzora;

- chinokosha rokuchinja mashandiro zvomukati Somuenzaniso, rimwe basa pomwoyo - dzichipfekeka kuzvidzora;

- zvainoita nhengo yakafanira kune kuwedzera kana kudzikisa ropa kuyerera - vasomotor kuzvidzora.

Murwiyo yevanhu VNS

Zvakakosha kuziva chinhu chikuru; nevaTire iri muzvikamu zviviri zvinoti: tsitsi uye parasympathetic. Wokupedzisira munhu kazhinji chokuita pezvakaitwa zvakadai, akadai mutsimba, kumhanya, t. E. Kusimbisa mashandiro anoita siyana nhengo.

Panyaya iyi pane zvinotevera pezvakaitwa: Zvakaunganidzwa pomwoyo marwadzo (uye, naizvozvo, kuti BP kuwedzera kupfuura dzose), wakawedzera vangadikitira, wakawedzera mudzidzi, murombo basa intestinal peristalsis. The parasympathetic tsinga anoshanda zvakasiyana, kureva. E. hunokwikwidzana nzira. Iye Paaiita zviito zvakadaro muviri, pazviri anozorora uye anodzidza zvose. Kana anotanga Activate kuti mashandiro ayo oparesheni, zvinotevera pezvakaitwa kuitika: miosis, akaderedza ziya, mwoyo tsandanyama anoshanda zvikuru zvakaneta (kureva, izvozvo zvinoderedza uwandu maronda ..), Intestinal peristalsis kusashanda, kunoderedza BP. VNS anoita zviri kushanda vysheizuchennyh madhipatimendi ayo. dyidzana mabasa avo anochengeta womunhu muviri mwero. In zvakawanda nemashoko nyore, humboo zvinoumba ari SNC anofanira kuvapo ari kunzwisisa, nguva dzose kureva mumwe. ino zvinoshanda chete nokuti parasympathetic uye tsitsi huta gadziriro vanokwanisa kwokusunungura neurotransmitters kuti vasunge uye nhengo uye hurongwa achishandisa tsinga anonongedzera.

Monitoring uye ongororo pamusoro autonomic tsinga - chii?

Mashandiro anoita mashoko autonomic tsinga vari pasi kuramba kudzora akawanda zvikuru nzvimbo:

1. Musana. The tsitsi tsinga (SNS) anosika zvinhu zviri pedyo napedyo kuti musana hunde, uye ayo zvimwewo zvinoriumba aimiririra parasympathetic weboka nevaTire.
2. Brain. Ane zvikuru zvakananga kukanganisa basa parasympathetic uye tsitsi huta hurongwa, nokugadzirisa nengaidzo yose muviri.
3. Chokumisa uropi. ukama mhando ichi kuti aripo pakati uropi uye musana. It anokwanisa kudzora wevaSidhoni mashandiro, kureva ayo parasympathetic (BP, afemeruke, kwemwoyo, etc.).
4. Hypothalamus - chikamu ari diencephalon. Zvinokanganisawo ziya, kugaya, kwemwoyo, uye zvichingodaro. D.
5. Chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita system (chokwadi, ndiyo manzwiro evanhu). Zvayaiva pasi cerebral cortex. It Ane kukanganisa basa zvose madhipatimendi VNS.

Kufungisisa pamusoro, kamwe yakakurumbira basa autonomic tsinga, nekuti kwayakaita rinodzorwa inokosha zvinoumba dzemuviri.

Mabasa rinoitwa nevaTire

Ivo yakatanga zviuru zvemakore akapfuura apo vanhu vakadzidza kurarama mu utsinye ezvinhu. Mashandiro anoita mashoko autonomic tsinga wakabatana zvakananga basa rayo mapoka maviri huru. Saka, vanhu parasympathetic hurongwa anokwanisa normalize kushanda muviri mushure achirwadziwa mupfungwa (activation vanhu tsitsi nevaTire Department). Saka, mikwende kunetsa. Zvechokwadi, chikamu ichi SPA ndiyewo anokonzera mamwe mabasa anokosha, akadai zororo uye hope, kugaya, uye kubereka. Zvose izvi kuitwa acetylcholine (a venhumbi transmits tsinga nomunhu kubva tsinga faibha mumwe). Basa tsitsi weboka nevaTire anoedza kusimbisa pezvakaitwa zvose zvinokosha womunhu muviri: anowedzera ropa riyerere akawanda nhengo uye hurongwa, ikawanda kwemwoyo, wakawedzera vangadikitira, uye zvakawanda. azvaiitwa kubatsira munhu wokuona zvinhu zvinoshungurudza. Naizvozvo, tinogona kugumisa kuti autonomic tsinga anoita basa womunhu seboka, kana zvimwewo zvichibatsira nayo.

The tsitsi tsinga (SNS)

Chikamu ichi womunhu SNC chokuita kurwa muviri apindura nechinzwano zviwane kana. mamiriro ayo ndeinotevera:

- DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA muura (peristalsis), Akaroromesawo ropa riyerere kwairi;

- yakawedzera iratidzike seiri kubuda;

- kana munhu haasi mhepo zvakakwana, VNS nokuda zvakakodzera tsinga nomunhu kunosvika bronchioles;

- nokuda vasoconstriction ropa nevezera kuwedzera;

- normalizes ropa shuga yomuropa nokuda rutapudzo yaro chiropa.

Chinonziwo kuti autonomic tsinga anoita mashandiro skeletal tsandanyama - avo avepo aro tsitsi chikamu. Somuenzaniso, kana muviri wako uri pasi kunetseka mukuru tembiricha, tsitsi VNS vakaparadzana pakarepo unoshanda sezvinotevera: transmits anonongedzera zvakakodzera kuti uropi, uye, akavapindurawo, achishandisa Neural nomunhu inowedzera kana anowedzera iratidzike seiri kubuda ganda pores. Saka, tembiricha iri yekudyidzana ipfupi.

The parasympathetic tsinga (PNS)

chikamu ichi SPA ndehwokuti asike evanhu dzokuzorora, kudzikama, kuitwa pakati pezvakaitwa zvose zvinokosha. basa rake ipfupi zvakananga zvinotevera:

- anotowedzera kumukomborera kushanda yose nemudumbu, kuwedzera ropa riyerere kwazviri;

- anoita zvakananga pamusoro mate shwanu havi kugadzirwa kwemate, nokudaro kuwedzera peristalsis;

- kunoderedza kukura mboni;

- kushandisa nedzidziso kudzora nebasa mwoyo uye zvose madhipatimendi dzayo;

- kunoderedza ukuru bronchioles, kana padanho okisijeni muropa kuti chakaipa.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti autonomic tsinga anoita tsandanyama dzakasiyana-siyana nadzo - nyaya, kusanganisira kuroorana uye ayo parasympathetic kupesana. Somuenzaniso, uterine sunga panguva excitation kana postpartum hwakabatana kushanda wegadziriro. A munhurume erection iri pasi chete nawo. Pashure pezvose, achibatsirwa etsinga mafungiro ropa kuti sikarudzi vanhu kuti zvaanoita tsandanyama pakati yemukomana.

Sei mwoyo zvainoita nevaTire?

Ndinoda kutaura pakarepo kuti raiva kunetseka kunogona kukonzera kukodzera kushanda VNS.
Mashandiro anoita mashoko autonomic tsinga vanokwanisa zvachose mitezo kana zvinhu zvakadaro inomuka. Somuenzaniso, kwaiva kukanganisa upenyu hwevanhu (anodonhedza ibwe guru pamusoro payo, kana pamberi pake payakakurudzirwa akazviratidza mhuka). Mumwe pakarepo atiza, uye mumwe nyore -oma panzvimbo pasina kukwanisa kuwana bhora rinopfungaira. Hazvina kuvimba munhu, saka vakaita kuti chavanoziva padanho vayo VNS. Uye zvose izvi pamusana etsinga harinzwi iri muuropi, iyo medulla oblongata, chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita maitiro (anokonzera manzwiro). Pashure zvose zvava pachena kuti autonomic tsinga anoita mashandiro zhinji nadzo uye hurongwa: zvomudumbu, zvemwoyo midziyo, kuti kubereka, basa mapapu uye Urinary turakiti. Naizvozvo, muviri womunhu une nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kuita kuti kusimbisa kuburikidza nebasa nevaTire. Asi musafunganya zvakawanda, sezvo vakawanda hwake, hatisi kusangana ukapisa murwi simba, saka panowanikwa ezvinhu akadaro kuti munhu - husiri nyore kuwana.

Abnormalities ari utano hwevanhu kunokonzerwa kukodzera kushanda nevaTire

Chokwadi, kubvira apa, zvakava pachena kuti autonomic tsinga anoita mashandiro zhinji nadzo uye enyika ari mumuviri womunhu. Saka, chero dzichipfekeka vanotaura mubasa rayo anogona kuvhiringa zvikuru Workflow. Nenzira, zvinokonzera zvirwere izvi vanogona kana nhaka kana chirwere chakakonzerwa panguva upenyu. Kazhinji basa VNS munhu ari "chisingaoneki" hunhu, asi matambudziko basa iri vari kare kuonekwa pahwaro zvinotevera zviratidzo:

- tsinga: kutadza muviri pasina rubatsiro zvikuru kuderedza muviri tembiricha;

- Git: kurutsa, kupatirwa kana manyoka, kutadza kumedza zvokudya, Urinary incontinence, uye zvakawanda;

- ganda matambudziko (kuvaviwa, akatsvuka, peeling), pfava nezvipikiri uye bvudzi, ikawanda kana ungaderedza vangadikitira;

- Vision: Blurred mifananidzo, kushaya misodzi, zvakaomera pfungwa;

- kufema maitiro: kukodzera paakasangana yakaderera kana BP okisijeni kugutsikana;

- mwoyo uye vascular gadziriro: syncope, palpitations, kupfupika mweya, dzungu, achirira munzeve;

- Urinary maitiro: chero matambudziko ari unyanzvi (incontinence, Urinary maitikiro);

- dzokubereka nadzo: nekusagona kubudirira zvepabonde, kukurumidza erection.

Vanhu vachitambura rastrojstvah nevaTire (autonomic neuropathy), kazhinji asingakwanisi kudzora kukura kwayo. Kazhinji pane mberi autonomic dysfunction zvinobva cheshuga. Zvino iyi ichava zvakakwana mukanyatsochengeta kudzora ropa shuga yomuropa. Kana chikonzero zvakasiyana, unogona kungoti kudzora zviratidzo avo, izvo kune pamwero kutungamirira autonomic neuropathy:

- gastrointestinal maitiro: pakuponesa mishonga kupatirwa uye manyoka; siyana muviri, kuwedzera mufambo; kuramba mumwe kudya;

- ganda: uye hwakasiyana-siyana nezvizoro uye mumakenduru, kunobatsira kuderedza kutsamwa; antihistamines kuderedza kuvaviwa;

- kumwoyo: Wedzerai mvura mvura yaunodya; vanopfeka nguo inokosha; mishonga kuti kudzora BP.

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti autonomic tsinga anoita dzichipfekeka basa kusvika zvose muviri womunhu. Saka, chero matambudziko vasangana basa, unofanira kuonekwa uye vakadzidza pedyo zvikuru anokwanisa vanachiremba. Mushure VNS vanhu zvikuru - zvakanga kuonga kwaari, iye akadzidza "pa" iri zvinokangaidza.