Zvikamu uropi. Medulla oblongata. The mamiriro, basa, zvakaipira kukundwa

Kuhukura uropi anatomically kumiririrwa ndiro wachena nyaya lining chokunze chikamu Hemisférios Cerebrais. Its ukagunzva mamiriro nokuda vakawanda convolutions akaparadzaniswa nevanhu mirefu. Saka vakawanda goko riri muforo udzamu, uye chikamu duku - avo pamusoro. In mutsauko hemisphere convex (yokunze) uye pose yomukati, uye chawo. On rokunze penyika parietal akafukidza anosiiwa ari frontal uchishandisa simba "rolandovoy" muforo. Below zviri "Sylvius" buri, izvo rwepanyama akafukidza anosiiwa ari frontal uye parietal. Parietal-occipital sulcus anotsaura occipital akafukidza.

Nemaziso cortex mamiriro rinosanganisira nhevedzano cellular uye fibrous akaturikidzana, uye anorondedzera kuti-rukoko matanhatu mamiriro mhando.

Kana izvi atsunga zvinotevera akaturikidzana:

- zvekunze granular;

- zvemukati granular;

- Molecular;

- polymorphic masero;

- pyramidal guru masero;

- svikiro nezviduku pyramidal masero.

Chimiro uye medulla basa, zvakaipira kuparadzwa kwayo

Its kureba millimeters anenge makumi maviri nemasere, wakafara makubhiti zvishoma kuwedzera, richisvika maviri nezvina millimeters. Medulla anopfuurira iri cranial mhango musana nomukombiyuta nechepakati musana mugero. Zvinonzi vaichengeta kuvapo pfuma yoga zvisumbu vachena nyaya, izvo zvinoumba pokupedzisira cranial tsinga. In paumbwe chena nyaya dzinobatanidzwa faibha anotenderera. Medulla oblongata ine neerekitironi, umo midzi dziri zvinokosha cranial tsinga (vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, chiwedzerwa). Uyezve nuclei muzvirongwa dzepanguva pezvakaitwa akadai kutsenga, pakuparadza, yakayamwa, sneezing, kurutsa uye kuparadzana kubva zvomudumbu muto. Inotungamirwa nuclei muvanhu kunoitika panguva kukura mudumbu. Oblong achangoberekwa uropi (ine zambuko), anoyera magiramu anenge masere. Kunyatsovira chinogara avhareji yemakore manomwe.

By achipfuura medulla oblongata nzira vakabata centripetal uye Centrifugal nomunhu. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munzirai nezvenzvimbo pyramidal nzira. It rinobatanidza injini nzvimbo cerebral cortex uye injini masero ari Anterior nyanga musana. On kumuganhu musana uye medulla madhipatimendi vakachengeta kuyambuka vachipinda pyramidal turakiti. Izvi anotsanangura dzichipfekeka nokuvhiringidzirwa zvimwe zvikamu uropi kana ivo wakaremara. Somuenzaniso, maronda ari pyramidal danda pamusoro chiasm kunokonzera hemiplegia pakatarisana mukamuri muviri. Panguva iyo kukundwa iri cranial tsinga dzichipfekeka vachivavhiringidza kuitika kudivi rimwe muviri.

"Cerebellopontine angled" anoita unobva basa. Zvinowanikwa iri posterior fossa yeDehenya, ndicho panosangana zambuko, cerebellum uye medulla oblongata. Mune chiitiko anomera munzvimbo nzvimbo iyi vari Vakamanikidza inotevera zvikamu madhipatimendi izvi.

Ari medulla oblongata dziri rinokosha muupenyu-rutsigiro nzvimbo, iyo kwakunoitwa kunyanya kukosha kuti dhipatimendi ichi nechepakati tsinga. Heano zvemwoyo uye kufema nzvimbo. Ndokusaka kutambudzika (kunyange minor), uye kunyanya kubviswa medulla oblongata kunotungamirira kurufu nokuda kufema kusungwa uye kugumiswa nebasa kumwoyo.

Kuvadza pyramidal turakiti kungatungamirira nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Zvose zvinoenderana kukura kukuvara nguva yakapfuura kubva pakuvambwa kwayo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, maronda aya kuti munhu Kuoma mutezo rimwe kana maviri mavhiki.