The parasympathetic tsinga

Zvomukati muviri (yakadai mwoyo, dumbu, ura) zvinodzorwa ne chikamu pakati peripheral tsinga, anozivikanwa somunhu autonomic tsinga (nevaTire). isu havazivi mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, kuti wevaSidhoni, ichi chinhu involuntary nzira. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kuona basa midziyo ropa uyewo kukanganisa kwemwoyo. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda reflexivo autonomic kushanda, vamwe vavo vanhu vanogona kudzora nokungwaririra, asi kune pamwero. kumedza ichi, chokuita zvepabonde uye afemeruke.

Kupa homeostasis, autonomic (kana vegetative) tsinga zvikuru kukosha pakusarudza nzira yokuzvibata nezviito raitungamirwa uropi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika zvashata ezvinhu vanotsamwisa mupfungwa uye zvinoda nesu wevasungwa yacho dzomukati mauto mukurwisa mamiriro ano uyewo vakazorora ezvinhu inoita kuti apore uye zororo.

NevaTire ine mapoka matatu:

- aimunzwira tsitsi tsinga (SNS);

- the parasympathetic tsinga (PNS);

- enteric tsinga (meshwork tsinga fibers, riri dzakawanda nhengo uye chinogona ave wechitatu chezvinonhuwira ari autonomic tsinga).

The tsitsi tsinga anoita se murevereri iri siyana chokuita zvinokangaidza, nokuwedzera mwoyo mwero uye BP. It zvinoita kuti muviri anonetsa ezvinhu kana ngozi vakagadzirira nokukurumidza kuita. Izvi rinoenderana dzenhoroondo itirana kunzwa "kurwa kana ndege", yairevererwa huru mbiri namakemikari nhume - epinephrine (adrenaline) uye norepinephrine. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi, SNA akadana "nokushanda etsinga."

The parasympathetic tsinga, Ukuwo, ari "yakanyarara" chikamu nevaTire. It inonziwo "kudzikamisa etsinga." Nepo tsitsi tsinga anogadzira muviri zvinokangaidza, kuti NTC ndiye "mu overcharging" ane simba uye kupora. Kunomutsa zviito kuti kuitika kana muviri yozorora, kunyanya panguva kudya, naps the, chokuita zvepabonde.

Asi tsitsi uye parasympathetic Mudunhu nevaTire apo kushanda imwe, havasi zvakapesana. Asi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki pane interconnected, pakusika nechiyero mukati muviri yedu. Between madhipatimendi izvi pane simba kukurukurirana, ayo nokudzorwa wechipiri nhume (cyclic adenosine monophosphate uye cyclic guanosine monophosphate). Somuenzaniso, kana mwoyo anogamuchira Neural kurudziro kubva NTC, mwoyo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA, ndiEzekieri, kana mwoyo anogamuchira Neural kweiyi Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu SNA, vakawedzera kwemwoyo.

Tsitsi activation anogona tunodzivisa activation pamusoro presynaptic parasympathetic. Saizvozvowo, parasympathetic tsinga rinobatanidzwa presynaptic chinovhiringidza kuti tsitsi tsinga motokari.

Mashandiro anoita mashoko autonomic tsinga mwero kunokosha. Kana mukaputsa kudyidzana pakati "kushanda etsinga" uye "tsinga norunyararo" pane zvatisingakwanisi, nokudaro zvinopesana mararamiro.

Saka, SNS overstimulation kungakonzera zvinetso zvakadai kufunganya, BP uye zvomudumbu nenyonganiso. PNS overstimulation zvinogona kuderedzwa kumanikidzwa uye kunzwa kuneta.

The parasympathetic tsinga, uyewo tsitsi, hauna pfungwa imwe nzvimbo, uye kuparadzirwa munzvimbo yakakura. PNS autonomic nzvimbo iri muuropi hunde uye nzvimbo yacho sacral musana. Muna medulla cranial tsinga, VII vaviri, IX uye X mhute chiutsi aumbwa preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. Kubva ari medulla oblongata kana musana preganglionic fibers (refu) iri Kutamiswa kurutivi ganglia, izvo dziri pedyo chaizvo kubaya nhengo, uye anoita synapse. Synapse anoshandisa neurotransmitter inonzi acetylcholine. In nharaunda iyi kubva ganglion postganglionic fibers (pfupi) iri projected zvakananga kubaya nhengo, uchishandisa sezvo acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine anoita marudzi maviri cholinergic receptors: nicotinic uye muscarinic (kana acetylcholine receptors). Kunyange zvazvo parasympathetic tsinga anoshandisa acetylcholine (somunhu neurotransmitter), petidy (cholecystokinin) rinogonawo kuita basa iri.