The achitarisira upfumi sangano: tsananguro, marudzi uye unhu

Economic vatambi vari vanhu kana magariro mapoka mubasa kudzidza nyika uye zvayo zvinhu uye kuita pamusoro pavo mukufamba basa ravo. Vangave: nomumwe, mhuri, magariro mapoka, mabhizimisi, hurumende uye zvichingodaro. Economic vatambi zvisarudzo, Kushandisa unyanzvi hwavo, vane basa migumisiro kwebasa ravo. Funga zvakare specificity yavo.

General unhu

Nhasi, basa zvose zvoupfumi masangano rakanyatsojeka. Hazvina novimba basa ravanoita mune zvimwe zvinhu munhoroondo, izvo anosiyana hama nevamwe, kuvapo yemashoko pfungwa maitiro, kuzvionera uye mitemo isingachinji. mabhuku anoverengeka zvoupfumi masangano inonzi nevamiririri. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro sangano kana munhu kushanda pachinzvimbo munhu, mabhizimisi establishments, kwokugara mabasa. Huripo mabasa zvaive zvakananga vanotongwa zvoupfumi. Uye mamiriro ayo, akavapindurawo, kusarudza chaizvo basa ravo. Somuenzaniso, imwe bhizimisi (dzesangano, Kudyidzana) inopa goho kutevera Implementation yaro chinhu pamusika nechinangwa vachiwana mari. Saka, zvinoita anoita somunhu zvoupfumi zvoupfumi sangano. Panguva iyo pangava non-mubereko nzanga. Vanogonawo kuita kugadzirwa zvinhu, asi nokuda kwavo rinodyiwa. vatambi izvi pamusoro zvoupfumi kushumira senhengo vasiri musika zvekutepfenyura.

mhuri

It anokwanisa kusarudza pamusoro nouwandu kuti kudyiwa kuripo zvikomborero, manyuko mari kutenga kwavari. Households vave bhizimisi uye varidzi kugadzirwa zvinhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Labor.
• Mari.
• Production kumapurazi.
• Real vevaGiriki, nyika uye zvichingodaro.

Munhu anogona kuita mhuri kana anogarika oga uye anotora nzvimbo, somuenzaniso, pakubudiswa / hwokurima kugadzirwa (murimi). Sezvo rinogona kunzi munharaunda, mhuri uye zvichingodaro. The chikuru nzi iyi achaita se rokuchenesa.

Specificity

Households, uyewo vamwe vatambi kwoupfumi, ave zvose Vatengesi uye vatengi. Kunyanya, musika okuwana zvikonzero zviri implementers (varimi). Pakutanga, muchiitiko ichi, ivo kutengesa kukwanisa kushanda. Uyezve, nyaya idzi zvoupfumi mabasa inogona rendi akasununguka guta kana pfuma. Nenzira iyi, ivo hazvindibatsiri. Kubva mari ndiyo mutengi mhuri bhajeti. Sehwaro kwemubairo, sezvinoita mutemo, rinoshanda muhoro. Ndicho chikonzero mari, kukosha iyo-siyana, zvichienderana unongotaura. Household anovapavhurira batsiro pakati aponese uye ano rinodyiwa.

kambani

sangano iri zvoupfumi iri repamutemo, kushanda nokuti chisikwa uye kugadzirwa kwenhumbi (zvigadzirwa), anoshanda uye mabasa. Nemamwe mashoko, kambani anosarudza kusunungura nhumbi kutengeswa nokuda kupamba pamusoro zvinhu zviri warwo kwetsvina, uyewo akatenga musika zvinhu pamusoro. Sezvo vatengi mabasa uye zvigadzirwa, kusika kambani, ndizvo mhuri, hurumende, mamwe makambani, kusanganisira mhiri kwemakungwa. Panobva zvakasimba anoonekwa kuti ayo kwemari. Hunosanganisira muripo kusunungurwa nenhumbi mari, uye purofiti naro kuita mimwe zveupfumi mabasa.

Zvakakurukurwa ebhizimusi

Kubhadhara vari kuitwa kutsvaka kugadzirwa zvinhu, kuita zvayo mari. Panguva iyoyowo, vanoumba muhoro Rwako, kufarira, rents, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pamisika ose kugadzirwa zvinhu sangano iri zvoupfumi pave mukana. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo anoita somunhu mutengesi hwapedyo mumwe Pricing mutemo maererano ezvinhu aripo. Mubereko chichiwanikwa nokuda rakasimba, pamwe hwakatamisirwa mamiriro muchimiro mutero deducted shareholders (panguva yemakambani mhando sangano) muchimiro mibayiro, uyewo kutungamirirwa pakuwedzera kugadzirwa (paakapiwa).

kwairayirwa kubhadhara

Mumwe zvoupfumi sangano anofanira kubhadhara mitero. Vanogona kuva zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Wokutanga ndiwo nemitero kuti vanobhadharwa zvakananga kubva zvakaoma. Zvisina kunanga mhosva dzinoitwa kunyange Muzviitiko apo kambani haagamuchiri mari. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mari inoshandiswa. mitero zvinoshanda, kunyanya zvinosanganisira tsika mabasa, VAT, excise mabasa uye zvichingodaro. In iyi, hurumende inopa mamwe makomborero Enterprises. Mabhizimisi vanogona subvention, subsidy, subsidy. Kushandisa mari idzi, Hurumende iri pakutevedzera zvoupfumi mutemo zvainanga yokudzora mabasa aripo emakambani munyika.

uridzi fomu

Zvichienderana pavo, emit mhando dzakasiyana makambani. Individual chimiro anoshanda sehwaro wezvamatongerwe mhuri kana private vachida. Collective pfuma tinoberekwa kuti mhando kudyidzana, kudyidzana, makambani (Ltd., PLC). Kune anotiwo matunhu neminisiparati siyana. Ndivo mamirire vasiri purofiti, unitary mabhizimisi uye masangano (shamwari, nheyo nevamwe).

mamiriro

Zvinonzi zvakare sechinhu zvoupfumi sangano. Sezvo chinokosha mabasa ake anobuda mari. Zvinonzi chinozoiswa kuburikidza Central Bank. The Central Bank, somunhu paruzhinji sangano, uyewo inodzora Rwako zvemari. The turnover weHurumende kunogona mutengi uye mutengesi. Pamisika okuwana zvikonzero, upfumi sangano anowana zvose zvinhu zvakakodzera kushanda zvivako zvayo. Achishanda sezvo mutengesi kana muridzi, hurumende anotengesa kana anopa pfupi kushandisa mishonga kuti vabereke emakambani ehurumende. Uyezve, anounganidza mitero kubva dzimwe dzaishandisa ezvemari, achivapa makomborero, inopikira, anopa, map.

hurumende mitemo

Achishanda sechinhu chinokosha muviri kuti yokudzora upfumi, hurumende zvinoitwa paChidzidzo zvose makro uye micro mumatunhu. State Gwaro zvinofanira nezvezvandaifanira National vakadini maximization ari kumbonyanya yakaganhurirwa chinzvimbo. Senzira microeconomics inoongorora matambudziko hurumende dzakananga nyaya :. Manufacturers, vatengi vacho, vanowatengesa, etc. Panguva makro pamwero zvinofungidzirwa kukanganisa mitengo, entrepreneurial basa, urovha uye zvichingodaro.

Kiyi mabasa nehurumende

A uwandu zvinhu izvo vakaziva neHurumende, pfungwa kwerunyararo uye kukura hwenyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya:

1. Kupa munhu pamutemo framework uye paumbwe pasocial ezvinhu kuti inobatsira kuti vakarongeka kushanda kumusika.
2. Kudzivirirwa makwikwi.
3. Kuona kuti redistribution mari uye upfumi.
4. The Kudzikamiswa hupfumi ezvinhu. Basa iri kunosanganisira vachiongorora padanho mabasa uye mitengo, kuti kukurudzira kukura unongotaura.
5. Kuchinja kuti zvekuvaka yavaive kuti mamiriro rudzi chigadzirwa.

The Implementation purogiramu ehurumende

The basa kuunza mashoko pamutemo yechinangwa kumusika upfumi vari kugadziriswa kuburikidza pakatanga zvimwe mitemo yokuzvibata. Vanofanira kutungamirirwa vaburitsi zvose vari kudyidzana pamwe vatengi. Yakatenderwa nehurumende mitemo chokuita Pakusarudza kuitika kodzero, murau ukama pakati yemakambani, kurambidza pamusoro Implementation chokunyepera zvinodhaka uye zvigadzirwa. In apamutemo sezvo pakutsvaga Kunyora mitemo, chigadzirwa quality, kuita kuti kukundikana kuteerera chibvumirano mashoko uye zvichingodaro.

mhedziso

Kutsiga hurumende wehurumende iri kukura uye zvinenge zvirongwa zvemagariro kuchengeteka, anogadza shoma mari inotambirwa, urovha wavanobhadhara. Hurumende mukanyatsochengeta anodzora pachiyero mitengo, kugadzirira kuti kuwedzera mari vamwe Mapato vemunyika. Nechokwadi kuenzana uye vakasununguka makwikwi, pakusikwa ezvinhu umo vatambi vose vari zvoupfumi muitiro aizokwanisa kuona zvavanokwanisa - vari kuonekwa chikuru basa nehurumende. Nokuti Implementation ravo dzinokudziridzwa akasiyana-siyana zvirongwa. Panguva iyoyowo, hurumende inofanira kutsigira replenishment yacho bhajeti. Kuti aite izvi, akaisa kusiyaniswa mitero. Achishandisa mari zvemari zvishandiso, hurumende anoita kuparadzirwa Purofiti achishandisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga kupindira mune kushanda musika mamiriro. Nokuda aripo mutero hurongwa, uyewo kuburikidza pachena zvekushandisa pamusoro evanhu kuchengeteka zvikuru uye kupfuura National mari akatumwa kubva pfupi vapfumi nhengo kuenda nekaupenyu murombo. Zvisinei, mune izvi, kukosha ndohwaJehovha mhuri uye nevemabhizimisi. Vanoita seinokonzera bhajeti zveminda. Manufacturers kubereka zvinhu, dzinoita mabasa uye kuita basa, ichipa zvakakodzera ruzhinji zvinhu.