Volkhov HPP: rondedzero uye mufananidzo. Nhoroondo Volkhov Hydroelectric yemapurisa

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Alessandro Volta akazogadzira yokutanga yemagetsi bhatiri muna 1800, gore. Pashure pemakore nomwe akauya simba rokutanga, uye chiitiko ichi chave nokusingaperi kwakachinja upenyu hwevanhu. Vazhinji vavo vakanga pakurera zvekushandisa nemashoko, uye nokukurumidza akapa nzira rikurumidze zvechitima. Zvisinei, pakati zvinomera uye vaiva centenarians. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant, iyo inoshanda nhasi, mumwe yokutanga yakavakwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa sezvo shongwe pakati zvesainzi uye anoonekwa kuti mumwe maindasitiri nzvimbo yacho Leningrad nharaunda.

Volkhov

Russia - nyika nzizi huru, saka pakutanga ramakumi remakore, vavambi vazhinji vakatanga kuva chirongwa musi kushandiswa kwayo hydropower nekugona. It haana kuonekwa uye rwizi Volkhov. On the map nyika yedu zviri nyore kuwana, sezvo ndiro chete yaiyerera kubva pakati Lake Ilmen. Uye hazvisi vokupedzisira ayo kuchiitwa sezvo Volhov anokwanisa kushandura gwara. Izvi ndepana yakaderera nhanho nemvura ilmenite nokuda pressurization pamusoro pomugove mvura.

Volkhov HPP munhoroondo chirongwa

Pfungwa kuvaka hydropower miti iri murwizi Volkhov kutanga nominated injiniya GO Graftio muna 1902. Makore gumi gare gare, haana upgraded ake akapiwa kwaita turbines zvikuru simba, uye akapa hurumende kuti tsarist Russia. The chirongwa haana akaita mhindu zvikuru pakati machinda, uye akaenda, sezvo vachiti, pasi kapeti. Muna 1917, injiniya akakwanisa kutifadza kwavo mwana dikidiki Government, izvo mvumo regadziriro basa rokuvaka itsva Hydroelectric simba miti. Ivo rwakatora chete kwemwedzi mishomanana uye zvave yakaturikwa nemhaka chimurenga uye zviitiko hunotevedzana kwakatungamirira pokuwa upfumi. The kuedza wechipiri kutanga kuvaka hydropower miti kurwizi Volkhov akanga ashandiswe pamwe rubatsiro V. I. Lenina muna 1918, gore, asi rakanga nokukurumidza akarambwa. Yakanga chete muna 1921, izvi hydropower chirimwa waibatanidzwa magetsi urongwa.

kuvaka

Volkhov HPP achakurumidza kupemberera ayo 95th mhembero. Rakanga makore akawanda akapfuura, hurumende yeSoviet chisarudzo pamusoro wayo kuvakwa. Uye gwaro wokurera ari musangano Central Executive Committee of RSFSR rechisere ungano, chakataurwa kuti chinhu chichabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko magetsi Petrograd uye hwogumisa kuti kuramba tichishanda mafuta dambudziko. Mukuwedzera, muna 1922 hurumende yacho RSFSR akarairwa akakodzera miviri pamwe zvizere Volkhovstroy. Somugumisiro pakati umhare nesimba vashandi vari July 1926 mudzimu pagedhi itsva Hydroelectric simba chiteshi kwakatangwa, izvo akabvumira kuvhura kuburikidza wekushandisa kurwizi Volkhov. Kana mudziyo rwakanga ruzere dura zviuru 10 hectare nyika yekurima.

waivako nhoroondo

Kutangwa Volkhov Hydroelectric simba chiteshi yakaitirwa December 1926. Zvino chakatangwa kumusoro Hydroelectric matatu uye vamwe vakanga kusashanda mukati inotevera 12 months. Panguva iyoyo, Volkhov Hydroelectric simba rakanga 58 MW. Mumakore akatevera zvakanzi kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mangwanani, '40s zvakanga 66 MW.

Kana kusvika pamberi mitsetse muna HPP mugore Volkhov Hydroelectric midziyo namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye akabvisa-mana okutanga. Sezvineiwo, vaNazi vakakundikana akakunda sokuronga kukosha Zvivako, uye mumatsutso 1942, apo mamiriro ezvinhu acho akagadzikana zvishoma, vatatu Hydroelectric vanga kuzodzosera akagadzawo ndokuiswazve kushanda. Uyezve, pasi pakati Lake Ladoga kuti aise waya, uye kubva panguva iyoyo Volkhov Hydroelectric chirimwa (nepikicha nguva rinenge haana kurarama) yasvika kuridza inokosha basa nesimba nerubatsiro rakakombwa Leningrad. In kufanana basa iri taiva kuunza simba chinhu kuti pre-hondo nemifananidzo, chii chave nokuramba October 1944, uye nhamba HPP kudzorerwa yakapedzwa muna 1945.

Mumakumi emakore akatevera Volkhov Hydroelectric chirimwa vakavhura zvakanaka, uye muna 1966 kuti okusika basa chikwata chacho akapiwa Order of Red Banner.

Retooling

Pakati 1993 uye 1996, makore Volkhov Hydroelectric yemapurisa, ane mapikicha kupa pfungwa dzayo mapurani chitarisiko, yave upgraded. Kunyanya, yokutsiva vatatu chizvarwa zviumbu vanogumurwa pamusoro kupfuura simba 12 MW nerimwe. Pakutanga zvakanga aronga Zvisinei kutsiva vakasara turbine,, nokuda kwokushaya mari, izvi zviri kunonoka. Chero zvakanga, pakupera 2007, tikapinda chibvumirano kutsiva Hydroelectric chirimwa rokutanga kuti aikwanisa kuita maviri chete pashure pemakore akapinda. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Volkhov Hydroelectric yemapurisa mazuvaano basa haisi yapera. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mushure yaitsiva zvose hydraulic vamapoka pakukwanisa kwayo kuchaita ngazviwedzerwe 98 MW.

GES nhasi

Volkhov Hydroelectric chirimwa chimwe chiteshi yakaderera kumanikidzwa. Murwiyo pamabasa anosanganisira:

• Concrete dhamu spillway kureba 212 metres;
• kuvaka hydropower miti;
• rybohodnoe kuvaka;
• Kamuri kutumirwa zvechizarira;
• floodgate;
• ledozaschitnaya rusvingo kuva kureba 256 metres.

Avhareji wepagore goho yemagetsi simba 347 Volkhovskaya Mill. KvVtch. Simba chirimwa chivakwa vane gumi TOUR-axial hydraulic dzakabatana uchishanda panguva musoro makubhiti 11. Pressure Hydroelectric zvivako vanoumba Volkhov Dam. nzvimbo yacho 2,02 ba. km uye anobatsira vachikwanisa - mamiriyoni 24,36 cubic metres ..

excursions

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant ndiyo inonakidza shongwe sayenzi uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, saka pane yakawanda achida kushanyira nzvimbo iyi uzivanewo magadzirirwo ayo zvinhu nguva dzose. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kupfuura munhu rokutanga nhoroondo pamusoro kwakarongerwa boka revashanyi, izvo zvinoita chete pamusoro mharidzo imwe pasipoti. The purogiramu Tours atungamirirwe dzakadaro inosanganisira kufamba kuburikidza Hydroelectric Dam, vachishanyira miziyamu-mufurati Genriha Osipovicha Graftio uye muchina kamuri, uyewo familiarization pamwe nhoroondo mai. Uyewo, kana pamberi penyu Volkhov mepu, zvino, achitarisa kunyatsotevera, unogona kuona kuti pedo mai izere dzinonakidza zvinotyisa. Zvikurukuru kana uchida unogona kushanyira City Museum uye Church Mihaila Arhangela.

Volkhov Hydroelectric simba yemapurisa pamepu

Kuti vasvike kune Hydroelectric simba yemapurisa anogona kuva pamusoro chitima, iyo ngaubve kuMoscow kuchiteshi kuchiteshi "Volkhov", kana mune motokari mumugwagwa "Kola". HPP kuchakubatsira kuwana mepu iri Volkhov, vakaisawo pazasi, umo unofanira kuwana kero: mumugwagwa Graftio, 1.

Zvino munoziva, yakakurumbira Volkhov Hydroelectric chiteshi, basa reDare nokutsigira ichi chaicho akakomba Leningrad, uye chii chichaitika munguva yemberi.