Special upfumi mapazi weRussia: tsananguro

Kana mamiriro National upfumi iri murombo uye zvachose asingakwezvi dzimwe vanoita, mumwe outputs mamiriro ano dzinokosha zvikamu, vakarongwa munyika. Mukati izvi nomumwe nzvimbo zvinobvira kuitisa akasiyana zvachose maindasitiri, mubhizimisi, fiscal uye mutero nehurumende.

Chii chaicho upfumi mapazi weRussia? Sei Vari zvakasikwa? The anoyevedza nzvimbo makambani uye chii vari kubatsirwawo nehurumende? Izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo achaedza kupindura munyaya ino.

chaiwo zvikamu

Best tsika asika mundima yakadaro ndezvaJehovha Chokwadi, nyika dzokuEurope. Zvisinei, Russia anewo chaizvo chakakura zvinogona munzvimbo iyi. Pari, nyika vakanyorwa anopfuura maviri dhazeni OEZ.Osnovnye chaiwo ezvoupfumi mapazi weRussia inogona rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

• maindasitiri;
• Tourism;
• logistics;
• rwokugadzira.

Papera chinguva tichataura muudzame pamusoro mhando SEZ. Uye ikozvino ndinokuudzai pamusoro nzvimbo yavo. The zvoupfumi mapazi chaiwo inosanganisira nharaunda Russia muna Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan. Izvi zvinosanganisira Kaliningrad nharaunda. To richangobva akasika zvinosanganisira Crimean kweItari.

zvinhu pfungwa

Munzvimbo iyi, rakanaka kuvhiringidza mazwi. Regai kugadzirisa pasi zvishoma. Zvirokwazvo makanzwa mashoko akadai:

• inokosha zvoupfumi mapazi;
• vakasununguka zvoupfumi nzvimbo;
• mapazi ose vakasununguka dzaishandiswa ;
• Special Economic Zone.

Sei edza chii vose zvinorevei? Complex hapana. All pamusoro apa - mazita akasiyana kuti iyoyi. Zvagara anogona kuva kunze kuti vakasununguka wezvokutengeserana wongoramba. Izvi izwi kunorevawo vakasununguka mundima asi duku zvikuru. Kazhinji, vakasununguka kutengeserana nzvimbo anonzi kuparadzana panyama ndima mugungwa kana mhepo zvengarava, apo pasina tsika basa. A muenzaniso chaiwo - Duty Free.

Zvinangwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu pakasikwa SEZ

Special upfumi mapazi weRussia - ndiyo nharaunda yose (maruwa, nzvimbo uye chinoda), vane chinokosha pamutemo. Kune, zvinyoronyoro mamiriro ake ezvoupfumi. Kazhinji, ivo zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti zvipfuwo kana dzimwe makambani. All repamutemo anoitisa mabhizimisi basa iri SEZ, zita vagari vayo.

Kuumba zvoupfumi mapazi chaiwo anofanira kuva zvimwe zvinhu:

• zvakanaka nzvimbo yomugariro nharaunda;
• Kuwanikwa nzvimbo yokukura;
• kwezvivako;
• kubatanidzwa kwevanhu zvinhu pamwechete zvakafanira unyanzvi;
• mukana pave interregional uye dzomunyika ukama;
• kuvapo munhoroondo mabasa.

Nei tichifanira chinokosha zvikamu

Russian mapazi All zvoupfumi anokosha akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvine urongwa matambudziko. Pokugadzwa dzakadaro kunoita zvose kukura nyika rose uye kuvandudza upenyu zvayo nomumwe regionah.S sangano SEZ mamiriro anogadziriswa zvinotevera mabasa:

• kusikwa vakawanda mabasa matsva kuti vanhu vane zvinodiwa zvakakwana;
• kwezva vatorwa guta kunyika;
• zvinokurudzira mudzimba vaburitsi mari nokuveza-pamupendero michina, kugadzira, uye kwezvivako;
• chengetedzo of njere zvinogona nyika;
• budiriro uye kutsigira mudzimba vaburitsi.

Residents pokuita kukura chaizvo zvemari vematunhu, dzinewo pachake zvakwakanakira dzavo:

• kushandisa mutero musisiri kuderedza administrative uye uchishandisa mari;
• kuchengetedza panguva mabasa akasiyana, rents uye dzimwe mari kuti pave zvikuru yemakwikwi chigadzirwa;
• kukwanisa kukwezva vashandi vanokwanisa;
• kuwedzera kwemari yavo chikamu nokuda kurerutsa zvavo mari.

Mukuwedzera, kuvakwa kwezvivako muna SEZ hurumende anopedza kakawanda mari yazvo. It kunoderedza mutoro pamusoro vagari.

Chii ndiwo ari SEZ?

Sezvaunoziva, ose anokosha upfumi mapazi weRussia (mazita wavo zvikuru guru) kuti azobatsira kana kuongorora ndima itsva uye indasitiri zvakanaka. Special hurumende kusikirwa Entrepreneurs aine chinangwa kuti vanogona munguva pfupi nguva reconfigure basa ravo pasi ezvinhu matsva. A muenzaniso chaiwo - Crimea. Ichi ndima zvachose itsva, bhizimisi yose iyo yagara dzakashandisa nemitemo Ukraine. Ikozvino Entrepreneurs vanoda nguva uye incentives kuti reorient nayo. Naizvozvo, hurumende lowers kwemitero, kurerutsa tsika maitiro zvinoenderana inishuwarenzi maitiro uye huve nyore kunyoresa. Ndizvowo zvinoitika mune dzimwe nharaunda.

zvinobatsira

pane zvakanaka mamiriro ezvoupfumi kuti SEZ venguva. Somuenzaniso, akadai:

• tengeserana ropafadzo - hapana mabasa ari kutorwa mbishi zvinhu kana handingadariki zvikamu, kana vari zvakakodzera kuti pagadzirwe yokupedzisira chigadzirwa, uye kwete Resale;
• mari incentives uye kubvumira mumunda mitero - zvinoderedza mitero kana ravo asipo, zvinoderedza vanorumwe Exchange kuzvidzora;
• kuduku kurambidzwa kana kushaya vaiva zvibereko yesangano kuvatorwa wakakwana;
• Yokudzidza zvaanoda kumabasa zvokushandisa, mubayiro, kuchengeteka, uye zvichingodaro;
• inokwanisika zvivako nyika - mukana kuvaka dzokuchengetera uye kugadzirwa zvivako pasi chibvumirano shoma risi prices;
• svikika oornag mabasa uye kwezvivako - dzinopiwa nokuda utilities, cheap gasi, mvura, magetsi, mugwagwa kugadziridza, ichipa zvifambiso mabasa;
• richikwidibira zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa uye ayo kudzivirira;
• kuvapo yakawanda chisingakoshi basa, kusavapo wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa masangano nedzimwe vashandi ';
• rakavhurika kuwana misika - zvose zvemukati uye zvekunze;
• Kwenguva refu kushaya mari mutero;
• Patinoita tsika nzira zvakananga pamusoro panzvimbo kana Expedited kubvumira, uye vamwe.

Mhando inokosha zvoupfumi zvikamu

Sezvatakamboreva, vose munyika dzine uchinyanya ezvoupfumi inogona rakakamurwa mhando yakadai:

• maindasitiri Kugadzirwa - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki guru, nezvezvaiitwawo kugadzirwa yakawanda imwe boka mishonga;
• vakasununguka dzaishandiswa munyika dzine - nzvimbo urege kuwa pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa tsika basa; munzvimbo idzi rinoitwa kwete chete kutengesa zvinhu asiwo ayo kuchengetwa, yekuedzwa, kavha, nezvimwewo;
• mushanyi - nzvimbo ine kukura toerisme kwemauto, apo pane Mamiriro ezvinhu kuti Entrepreneurs;
• basa - umo akaita youhu-ekisipoti uye mabasa mari kunze pasi chaiwo ezvinhu; muenzaniso chaiwo - pemvura;
• dzesayenzi, zvekushandisa, promotional - maindasitiri mumapaki, munzvimbo chaiyo ezvinhu zviri kuitwa budiriro uye kutsvakurudza imwe munda management.

"Alabuga"

Zvino ngatitarise kunyatsotarisisa dzimwe chaiwo upfumi mapazi weRussia. Ngatitange pamwe SEZ "Alabuga". Izvi maindasitiri-kugadzirwa mapazi iri muna Republic of Tatarstan, pedyo netaundi Elabuga, 25 chete? Km kubva Naberezhnye Chelny.

Specialty pano zvakasiyana-siyana:

• Kugadzirwa mabhazi uye Automotive zvinoriumba;
• kugadzirwa veimba midziyo yemagetsi;
• mishonga inogadzirwa;
• kugadzira kubva fenicha;
• himproizvodstvo yepamusorosoro;
• avhiyesheni kuvakwa.

Munzvimbo iyi vakanyorwa 42 mugari uye basa pfuurei zviuru 4.5 vanhu. Area mapazi - 20 mativi makiromita.

Kuti ave mugari kuti zvakaoma, unofanira:

• kunyoresa boka rako pamusoro munharaunda Yelabuga Municipality;
• kusaina chibvumirano utungamiriri SEZ, nokuita pachavo kupa avo mari mari mu uwandu kwete asingasviki mamiriyoni 1 euros wokutanga gore uye yose mubhizimisi yose nguva chesungano - kwete euros asingasviki mamiriyoni 10.

Entrepreneurs vanova vagari vari zvoupfumi mapazi "Alabuga" anogona kuvimba kwakadaro zvatinoda:

• vakasununguka tsika mapazi umo yokumwe midziyo inogona kuiswa pasina mubhadharo kuti VAT uye netsika mabasa;
• kusavapo ekisipoti basa iri aina kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa;
• azere dzisashande pokushandisa chokufambisa mutero, nyika mutero uye dzimwe mari kuti bhajeti Republic;
• mari mutero unodiwa ari makore mashanu wokutanga 2 chete%, rechipiri urongwa-gore mashanu - 7%, ipapo kusvika 2055 - 15.5%;
• nyika mukana wekuti mutengo, nyore kuwana utilities unoburuswa kuti miganhu mugove magetsi, gasi, kupisa, tsvina;
• dzisashande pfuma mutero uye zvimwe zvinhu zvatinoda.

SEZ "Dubna"

Izvi Michina kukura mapazi, yakasimbiswa muna 2005 pahwaro of RF Government Mutemo № 781.

SEZ "Dubna" nharaunda ine nharaunda dzinenge 200 maeka uye iri muzvikamu zvitatu:

• programmers guta;
• Nanotechnology kuchikuva;
• chomunda zvenyukireya-mumuviri ruzivo.

Kuisa nzvimbo SEZ ichi ndiwo:

• tehsistem kunzwisisa patani;
• hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu;
• kunzwisisa rwokurapa;
• ruzivo rwokugadzira;
• ematongerwo zvinhu ;
• Physics renyukireya Nanotechnology.

Vagari venyika yacho ingava IP nemasangano zvokutengeserana. The chete kunze ndivo unitary mabhizimisi uye yemakambani dzavatorwa. Kuti ave mugari wenyika SEZ "Dubna", unofanira kunyora imwe kambani munharaunda yacho Municipality uye kuti kugumisa sungano zviremera kuitisa promotional mabasa.

Vagari chaiwo zvoupfumi mapazi anogonawo kuvimba ropafadzo mamiriro munzvimbo mitero uye mamwe marudzi rutsigiro. Tax zvakanakira zvingasanganisira:

• hapana VAT pamusoro aina nhumbi kunze;
• razero mwero mari yemitero inobhadharwa kuti yeUnited bhajeti kuna 01.01.2018;
• 13.5% - mari mutero kunyorerwa yomunharaunda bhajeti;
• 14% - kure-bhajeti kubhadhara;
• 0% - mwero munyika mutero 5 years, pfuma mitero - kwemakore 10, ari nezvifambiso mutero - 5 years.

Uyewo, vagari vanovimba zvimwe zvatinoda:

• zvaunoda rendi wenyika kwakavakirwa uye nyika;
• vakasununguka riine injiniya network uye kukurukurirana;
• Expedited kugadzira magwaro nyika runofarira;
• Tsika vakasununguka nzvimbo;
• soro-nokukurumidza Data hutachiwana hurongwa.

Uyewo, vagari zvinopiwa vakasununguka tsika wenyika dzakawanda, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo imupota basa hakusi bhadharika pamusoro dzimwe zvinhu uye VAT pamusoro aina Russian.

"Altai Valley"

TRZ "Altai Valley" - tourist uye kuzvivaraidza nzvimbo. Rakavakwa muna February 2007, kwakavakirwa Government Chirevo nhamba 67. The neropafadzo nzvimbo inopiwa kwemakore 49.

Nzvimbo iyi iri 12 km kubva muguta Gorno-Altaisk, Republic of Altai pakati. Pane anopiwa mabasa matsva kuti vanenge zviuru 2.5 vanhu. Ndima inopa mikana yakasiyana kuti vagari vayo. Pamwe inovakwa pamusoro pemisimboti paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kusikwa anodiwa kwezvivako rinotsigirwa nemari kubva bhajeti, uye pakasikwa nzvimbo zvivako - mugove private inivhesitimendi.

The State runovimbisa chinokosha yaiona zvazvakanakira:

• asiri chipingaidzo ari Implementation pamusoro inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa;
• Yokudzidza rokuongorora urongwa;
• "Mumwe hwindo" rudzi;
• kuuraya of risi nyika runofarira pamwe yaidzorwa pamutemo.

Vanoita zvakakumirirawo uye mutero Credits:

• 0% - pfuma mutero uye nyika pakuunganidza kwemakore 5 makore;
• akabvarura nyika - hapana kupfuura 2% of cadastral mutengo;
• richikwidibira dziine motokari mutero;
• zvinoderedza mari yemitero kuti 15.5%.

"Turquoise Katun"

TRZ «Turquoise Katun" - mumwe kuzvivaraidza uye nzvimbo yacho. Rine kupfuura nharaunda yose zviripo - 3326 hectares. "Turquoise Katun" riri papi sezvo wokutanga uye kupfuura guru nzvimbo dzinongoitika uye hwakanyanya kukwira makomo, muzvikamu zviviri. Chokutanga - vechidiki. Zvadaro pane state nzvimbo, makomo, matanda acho, trackers, vechidiki hostel nezvimwe kwezvivako akaderedzwa. Wechipiri - nokuti vashanyi vakapfuma. Kune kusununguka uye anodhura Hotels nezvimwe Amenities.

mapazi ichi zvoupfumi iri Chokwadi, iri chete kutanga kukura kwayo, asi anotova chinokosha nhamba makambani achida mari mari panguva anoyevedza mazwi. Pashure pezvose, vagari pano vari akapawo incentives uye zvavanosarudza.

"Titanium Valley"

SEZ "Titanium Valley", vakasikwa Sverdlovsk nharaunda, zvakare zvikuru akasiyana. Kutungamirirwa basa SEZ - titanium maindasitiri, chete pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation. Pano aigovera chinokosha makomborero kune emakambani, nezvezvaiitwawo kugadzirwa uye kubudiswa yepamusorosoro nyika-kirasi chigadzirwa. Kuisa sectors vanoonekwa pano titanium kubudiswa uye kugadzirwa zvinhu zvayo, gadzira zvokushandisa metallurgia zvinomera uye engineering, kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa.

"Ulyanovsk"

SEZ PT "Ulyanovsk" uye chakabatikana zvokuimba engineering chiridzwa kugadzira. Pano, vachikudza mabasa aya:

• zvishandiso magetsi kugadzira;
• avhiyesheni;
• ndege rechengetedzo;
• Kugadzirwa magetsi;
• kugadzira kubva rinoumba nezvinhu;
• Other matavi engineering.

In mhedziso, ndinoda kutaura pamusoro asiri mugari Entrepreneurs kumhanya bhizimisi ravo pamusoro munharaunda imwe zvoupfumi mapazi chaiwo. Kakawanda, vari zvakare kukwanisa kuvimba chikamu zvaunofarira akapa vagari, nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu pabasa ravo rinofanira yakanyorerwa SEZ utariri.

Somuenzaniso, mune zvoupfumi mapazi sezvo Kaliningrad nharaunda, mari mutero chichiburutswa inoshanda zvachose kuna emakambani zvose, pasinei norudzi dzebhizimisi uye chigadzirwa mapoka. Ndokusaka kuvhurika basa ndiyo inonakidza iri SEZ. Chokwadi, kana totaura zvakaoma.