Hyperinflation - ichi ... Zvinokonzera uye migumisiro hyperinflation upfumi

Achimanyisa hyperinflation - kutanga ngozi zvikuru chero nyika, uye hapana angati pazviri. Hyperinflation panguva yakafanira "kurwara" zvinenge zvose nyika zvenyika, kunyange vaya nhasi vari vatungamiri upfumi hwenyika.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura kwete chete huru zvinokonzera hyperinflation, asiwo kukanganisa kwayo pamusoro upfumi mamiriro.

Chii mitengo?

First unofanira kunzwisisa kuti mitengo kwakadaro zvavo.

Shoko iri Latin mavambo (inflatio - kuzvimba). Maitikiro mutengo inowedzera zvinhu uye mabasa. In vanhu, zviri kudanwa kuti "ari depreciation mari." With mitengo kwenhambo nguva munhu nokuda chete mari inogona kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda zvishoma.

Hazvifaniri kuva chero kwenguva pfupi kuwedzera mutengo zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi mitengo. Mushure zvose, yava nguva refu chichiitwa, inotaura musika yose.

Zvinopikisana mitengo chinhu muinonzi deflation ari upfumi. Izvi kunopindirana zvinoderedza pachiyero mitengo zvinhu uye mabasa. Kwenguva pfupi deflation kwakakurumbira chaizvo uye inozivikanwa, sezvo mutemo, mwaka. Saka, Somuenzaniso, mitengo mastrawberry muna June anogona yekudyidzana kuderera nokuda mukanyiwa waro muunganidzwa pazororo. Asi kwenguva refu deflation - a nani isingawanzowanikwi chinoshamisa. To musi, muenzaniso yakadaro inogona kutaurwa Japanese deflation kunze kuti fluctuates mukati chimwe muzana.

mitengo mhando

Mazuva zvoupfumi yokuti govera kumafuro uye yakavanzika mitengo. Yokupedzisira aiita munyika upfumi murayiro-kurongwa (zvikurukuru, nokuti USSR), apo izvi mananara vari zvachose inotongwa nehurumende.

Ndipo chete mitengo kuti kudiwa uye mutsigiro nomudonzvo, yakadzikama uye kunyanyisa, oneka uye nezvimwewo mitengo. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha ndiye kupatsanura pakati kusimba zviratidzo. Maererano typology ichi, kazhinji anokudzwa mitengo:

• zvinokambaira;
• achimanyisa;
• uye hyperinflation.

Kukambaira (kupfuura hakukuvadzi) mitengo kunoratidzwa usinganyanyi kuwedzera mitengo (mukati hapana anopfuura 10% pagore). Dzimwe nyanzvi uye akaita funga izvozvo yakanaka kukura, sezvo kunomutsa pakuzadzisa kugadzirwa kugona. mitengo kwakadaro Kazhinji nyore inotongwa nehurumende Zvisinei, chero nguva pane ngozi kuti kuchawedzera kuva zvikuru kunzwisisa chimiro chayo.

Achimanyisa mitengo uye hyperinflation zvine ngozi kuti upfumi. Pakadaro, hurumende inofanira kutora kunzwisisa kuti Anti-mitengo matanho.

Hyperinflation - ichi ...

Musiyano uri pakati chimiro ichi mitengo?

Hyperinflation - ichi chinoshamisa ari upfumi, izvo pamwe refu yakawedzera mitengo - kubva 900% kusvika miriyoni muzana pagore. Kakawanda, izvozvo kunoita kuti kuparara zvakakwana chinokosha uye zvemari ezvinhu munyika uye iri pamwe kumhedziso kushaya chivimbo muna National mari parutivi yevagari.

Panguva hyperinflation, mari anogona uye anoita kurasikirwa paro mabasa. Ari kudaro kure kare kwave zviitiko apo nguva ino mari yakatsiva ita mutengano (anonzi ita mutengano). Kana mune basa ravo wakapata chero chinhu (sezvakaitwa mukutanga zvokukura kukura vanhu). Zvinogona kunge shuga kana midzanga. Dzimwe hyperinflation munyika pamwe dollarization - apo National mari (zvishomanana kana zvachose) kumanikidzwa kunze akatsiga zvikuru nyika mari.

Hyperinflation - izvi, pamusoro pezvose, rudzi nechiidzo rakadzika zvoupfumi rehurumende. Nemamwe mashoko, kana tikaswedera ane muenzaniso mishonga, hazvisi chaizvo "chirwere", asi chete yake inorwadza uye hachifadzi zviratidzo. Other chokuita zviratidzo pakadaro kunogona kuva hombe impoverishment vanhu, vakawanda kusauka, default muzvikwereti kwokunze ehurumende uye zvichingodaro.

The zvinokonzera hyperinflation uye migumisiro ayo pamusoro upfumi

Vasina kana mhosva zviito hurumende kazhinji asike preconditions kuti chiitiko ichi. Kana mamiriro ari kuedza kufukidza mari dzavo uye bhajeti deficits tichibatsirwa nyaya (mamwe nyaya kubhengi manotsi), zviito izvi pamusoro nguva hazvo kutungamirira hyperinflation. Handiti izvi mari yakadhindwa haana kunotsigirwa chaicho chinokosha kugadzirwa. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvose zvichaita kunotoreva kuwedzera mitengo, mwero izvo zvichaita kuvimba nhamba mari yakadhindwa kuti, uyewo zvimwe.

Rimwezve chinokonzera hyperinflation rinogonawo kuva hombe kushaya mari kubva turnover - mubhangi deposits. Zvisinei, munguva zvoupfumi, sezvo mutemo, akacherechedza zvakasiyana muitiro.

Chii chinokonzera hyperinflation? Pakati yayo huru nemigumisiro - talk kuderera mukurima, depreciation mari, uyewo pokuwa rakakwana mari ichaita munyika.

Mienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo hyperinflation

Nyika dzakawanda muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri akasangana hyperinflation. Heano matatu kupfuura muenzaniso Fani iyi munhoroondo upfumi hwenyika chinyorwa-muchirwadzisa:

1. Zimbabwe, mavambo XXI remakore. TSANANGURO zvazvingava yakanga 230.000.000% pagore.
2. Hungary, 1946. TSANANGURO zvazvingava yaiva 42 quadrillion muzana.
3. Yugoslavia, kuguma muna1993. TSANANGURO zvazvingava yakanga 5 quadrillion muzana.

Munyika yanhasi, zvikuru unoshamisa muenzaniso hyperinflation anoonekwa kuva Zimbabwean. In mufananidzo pazasi - akakurumbira dhinominesheni muna mazana tiririyoni Zimbabwe madhora.

In mhedziso ...

Hyperinflation - rudzi mitengo, rine chaizvo mukuru mwero wepagore mutengo kukura (kubvira 900 zvakakwanirana mamiriyoni muzana pagore). Somuenzaniso, muna Zimbabwe, muna 2008, zvokudya mitengo yakawedzera panguva chinyorwa kumhanya - hafu yeawa.

Mitengo uye hyperinflation (zvikurukuru) vanowanzotevedzera kuenda yakadzika zvoupfumi, zvakaipira zvinogona kuva zvakaoma imwe nehurumende.