Shanduka dzidziso Darwin

The shanduka Dzidziso Charles Darwin anonzi rinokosha basa zvipenyu past vanopfuura zana nemakore. Zvisinei, gakava pamusoro basa iri kuitwa kubva musi ayo bhuku.

Darwin shanduka yokuti yakatangwa nokupesvedzera kwakapararira muEngland, pfungwa, kuratidza socio-ezvoupfumi nguva - norusununguko makwikwi uye waifarirwa kurwira kuvapo munzanga. Panguva iyoyo, ivo vaionekwa mutemo nokudenga zvakasikwa.

Darwin shanduka dzidziso rakaumbwa maererano yayo zvakabudiswa, kuti musayendisiti wakaita panguva rwendo muchikepe "Beagle". Pashure pokudzidza zvemaumbirwo wenyika South America, iye akazviita vachidavira kuti zvakasikwa zvikonzero zviri zvikuru munhoroondo panyika, uye kwakabva nemhuka kuti agare panyika.

Paleontological anowana Zvinobvira kuziva kufanana pakati pemhuka vagere nharaunda panguva iyoyo kuSouth America, uye yakatotsakatika mhando. Darwin anowana vamwe "Transitional siyana" mubatanidzwa unhu vezvikwata anoverengeka.

Wandei kukosha wakanamatira ivavo, uye nenzvimbo kuparadzirwa zvipenyu. Saka, Darwin akawana kuti fauna of South America ine mhando dziri ndisipo ari Fauna of North America. Asi musayendisiti nepfungwa kuti kufanana nyika mhuka vaviri mundima idzi asati. Insulation fauna of, maererano naye, kwakaitika pashure maererano veMubatanidzwa ebani kumaodzanyemba munharaunda Mexico.

Kufarira vaiva Data unganidzwa nokuda Darwin ari pamusoro Galapagos Islands, nhema 950 chete kubva kumadokero South American kumhenderekedzo iri nePacific Ocean. Zvitsuwa izvi muri kuputika mavambo, uye vari geologically muduku nharaunda. Munguva yokudzidza musayendisiti akaona mumwe zvakafanana. fauna of yavo Fauna of South America. Zvisinei, paivawo kusawirirana.

Saka, pakazosvika mangwanani namapfumbamwe remakore pahwaro ari yakaunganidzwa ndeechokwadi zvinhu vakanga akagadzira zvimwe vafunga uye kunanga, iyo yakavakirwa yaDarwin yokushanduka-shanduka. zvatinopiwa ari variability kwazvakaita uye kubatana tichitarisa chimiro zvipenyu akanga akaberekwa ari dzinongoitika mapoka kusimbisa zvakafanana uye kuchinja nezvimiro, nhoroondo kukura panyika, uyewo kufanana tuvana Kuva zvakanyatsorongwa mapoka ezvipfuwo kure.

The shanduka Dzidziso Darwin rava kunanga kupfuura dzinongoitika nesayenzi yacho XIX remakore. Dzidziso iyi yakanga vakava mukuru weboka kukura pfungwa yesayenzi uye socio-ezvoupfumi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kusati kwatombova yaDarwin, masayendisiti akawanda vakaratidza pfungwa yakafanana kune akaratidza mariri. Asi pasinei anoramba kukura rwokuzvarwa sayenzi kuunganidza zvinhu, zvinopesana dzisiri dzidziso, maonero chaiwo kusashanduka akaramba kudzora. Darwin vamutangira haana kugadzirisa huru nyaya. Saka, hazvina nekusimba mukana imwe mhando itsva kwemarudzi fomu. It harina kugadzirisa uye chinetso yakakodzera uye kuchinjika idzva makemikari fomu zvakatipoteredza. Uye, pakupedzisira, zvakanga akazarura mubvunzo chinangwa mauto uye kukura zvinokonzera.

Evolution, maererano Darwin, achitaura dzinonetsa nyaya kukura zvakasikwa tichitarisa zvinhu zvakasikwa-zvesayenzi. Vakasimudzira zvikuru pamusoro pokumuka sayenzi zvoutachiona, dzidziso akabatsira kusimbisa kunzwisisa hunhu rose, kushandisa zvinhu tsananguro yacho mananara kwokugamuchirwa. Darwin vari dzidziso yake kwete kuiswa hunobatsira mashoko, asiwo achitsoropodza revisited mhedziso yavo, kufungisisa nebudiriro zvokurima uye zvipenyu zvavo.