Nyorai Chordates: inobudisa kwokunze uye zvemukati marongerwo

Type Chord ane zvinopfuura chiuru 40. Zvipenyu Living. Izvi zvinosanganisira bescherepnyh (tunicates uye Amphioxus) uye cranial (cyclostomes (lamprey), hove, amphibians, nezvinokambaira, shiri, mhuka). Vamiriri ichi mhando anowanikwa munyika yose uye nzvimbo dzose. Vazhinji chordates vari kushingaira, mobile mararamiro, asi pane zvinhu zvipenyu kuti vasiyana substrate - tunicates. Miganhu uye uremu zvinosiyana zvikuru munyika mhando uye izvi kunoenderana mhando kwezvakatipoteredza uye mhuka nzvimbo.

Pasinei yokuti mhuka ikashandiswa mune mhando Chord, zvikuru zvakasiyana nechitarisiko, zvaiva womukati mamiriro, mararamiro uye zvakatipoteredza, vane zvimwe zvinhu. Kuti uone kufanana kunobatsira mukuru hunhu chordates.

chordates All vane:

• Axial marangwanda, izvo anomiririrwa Chord panguva bescherepnyh nomuzongoza mu cranial. The marangwanda ane chimiro beach anoita zvokutsigira nerevane anopa elasticity muviri.

• Gill slits iri huro. In protostomes zvipenyu kurarama dzose nguva mumvura uye regai kusiya izvozvo, dakashwa slits vanoramba hwose. Uye deuterostome uyo akasiya hwemvura nzvimbo, uye ipapo shure kutsigira (Dolphins, hove huru, makarwe), uye mhuka nyika Gill slits kuripo chete pane vamwe mumatanho ose embryo kukura, uye ipapo kunyangarika. Asi, vari kushanda mapapu - kufema nemiviri yenyika.

• Central tsinga (CNS), ndiro chubhu iri parutivi musana. Mumamiriro chordates chinhu mukaha chubhu anoramba hwose, uye mhuka yakakwirira rakakamurwa uropi uye musana. A tsinga harinzwi izvo Uchabva nechepakati tsinga, peripheral tsinga fomu.

• Kweropa up hurongwa. Mwoyo, kufanana Neural chubhu ndiye ventral kurutivi muviri.

Chordates vane nevamwe Maitiro mukati marudzi, nokuti mararamiro avo uye dzinogarisana, uyewo achichinja kuita pairi. Kuwedzera zviratidzo kusiyana nezvimwe zvinenge zviri chordates uye zvakafanana nevamwe mhuka. zvakafanana izvi:

• Bilateral symmetry kuti tinoberekwa sandara makonye, tumbuyu uye zvimwe zvinenge.

• Uchitikurudzira (zvikasadaro yechipiri muviri mhango), umo zvomukati dziri. Secondary mhango anooneka annelids.

• Iva muromo yechipiri iyo achiumbwa panguva gastrula padanho kubudikidza budiriro rusvingo.

• Metameric urongwa miviri (segmental), zvakajeka kwakunoitwa embryonic Danho uye mumamiriro chordates, kwemhuka mukuru unogona kuonekwa sechivako tsandanyama uye muzongoza akabatana. Nokuda ichi mhando Chord achiratidza kufanana annelids nezvipembenene.

• Kuvapo nenhengo dzawo - kweropa, kufema, huta, zvomudumbu, excretory, pamuviri.

Saka, rudzi Chord rinobatanidza mhuka, iyo kuburikidza bilateral symmetry inozivikanwa, uye kazhinji, kuvapo dakashwa slits mukutanga mumatanho okukura uye kubuda ari womukati marangwanda - the chords or the, pamusoro riri pakati Neural chubhu. Pasi Chord chinhu zvomudumbu chubhu.