Kutakura: maitiro, zviyero. Maturesi ekutakura

Ikutakura chinhu chakakosha, icho chikamu chekutsigirwa kwekusimbisa shaft uye yakagadzirirwa kutenderera kana kuvhara iyo yekupedzisira pasina kurasikirwa nesimba nokuda kwekupesana. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvimwe zvinhu zvinovaka. Muchiitiko ichi, ukuru hwekubereka huri mumatambudziko akawanda anotungamirirwa neGOST.

Mhando

Node dzorudzi urwu dzinoshandiswa mumakambani uye mamwe mapazi ehupfumi hwenyika yakawanda kwazvo. Iko kune hydrostatic, gasi-static, magnetic uye mamwe mapoka anotakura. Zvisinei, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasvibiswa nekusvetuka uye kuputika. Maererano nemutoro unoonekwa, mapoka aya maviri akaparadzana mu:

• Radial;

• Persistent;

• Radial-thrust.

Rolling bearings

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvechimiro chemashoko aya zvikafu kana mabheji, ari pane imwe nzvimbo kubva kune mumwe kune imwe muchengeti chaiyo, anonzi separator. Munguva yekushanda kwekutakura vanopfugama nemakumbo emakona maviri, rimwe rayo rinowedzera mune dzimwe nguva. Node dzorudzi urwu dzinoshandiswa mumabhizimisi kazhinji. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kana ichienzaniswa nemabheji ane mashizha ane zvakawanda zvinobatsira. Kune vakadaro zvinokwanisika kuti tipei kutanga kwekukanganiswa kuduku uye kusakosha kwemafuta. Kunyoresa kwekushanda nekugadziriswa ndikowo kunoparadzanisa kutakura kwakadaro. Maitiro (masimba avo anotongerwa neGOST) emakodhi akadaro anowanikwa mune mahwendefa chaiwo. Nokudaro, hazvisi zvakaoma kuwana mamiriro akakodzera mune izvi kana zvakadaro. Nhamba yemhando iyi inogona kusarudzwa zvachose kumhando ipi zvayo yemaitiro.

Kunzwisiswa kwekunyunyutira uye kutyisa mitoro ndiyo chete inokonzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi. Maitiro ekugadzirwa kwawo anofanira kuonekwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, havazoperi kwenguva refu.

Mhando dzekuburitsa mabheji

Mukuwedzera kune mutoro unoonekwa, node dzorudzi urwu dzinoiswa muzvikwata zvichienderana nezvinoitika zvinotevera:

• Maitiro ekugumbusa zvinhu. Panyaya iyi, mutsaure pakati pebhokisi uye mabheji ekutakura. Miti inoputika yemhando yekupedzisira inogona kunge yakagadzikana, yerikindrical, acicular, yakashata, yakagadzirirwa mutsara, nezvimwewo, munyaya iyi.

• Nokukwanisa kwekuzvigadzirira. Muchiitiko ichi, mutsaure pakati pepakati uye kwete-self-aligning bearings.

• Nhamba yezvikwata zvinoputika. Kune mutsara mumwechete uye kaviri mutambo bearings.

• Mukura. Zvose zvinokonzerwa zvemazuva ano pazvikonzero izvi zvakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvichienderana nemakwikwi akaenzana akaenzana mukati, kubhiti kwekutakura uye kunze kwayo D kunogona kusiyana. Kushandisa mabheji anoshandiswa kunogona kushandiswa kuunganidza motokari, mabhasikoro, mhepo yemhepo, nezvimwewo.

Kuyera

Izvo zviyero zve nodhi dzorudzi urwu dzinosarudza GOST 3478-79. Panguva yekuchengetedza kwayo zvakasimba kwenguva refu uye zvigaro zvakasimba zvinowanikwa. Iyi mitemo inoshandiswa kune marudzi ose ekugadzirisa zvinhu, kunze kweiyo mienzaniso yakakosha inenge yakarongeka. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, node dzinogona kugadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakakodzerwa pane zvakasikwa.

Kuti uzive zviyero zvakakwana zvekutakura kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, iwe unogona, sezvakataurwa, nematafura akasiyana-siyana anoratidza mazhenje ekunze nekomukati, zviduku kudarika zvizere (Rmin), uye mazita ehupamhi hwemhete dzomukati nekunze (B). Semuenzaniso, heino tafura yezvikamu zvakakura zvemadhiramita 8 (akafukidzwa).

Mamwe matafura akajeka anogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku anokosha. Panewo hutsika huri muCompass - mifananidzo yemifananidzo yakagadzirwa nokuda kwekugadzirisa (muraibhurari yekugadzira). Kune matafura ezvimwe ma diameter emhando.

Kunyoresa makirasi

Izvo zviyero zvakaenzana zvekusimudza mabhesi zvinokwanisa kudzidziswa kubva pamatafura chaiwo. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva, dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana muhupamhi hweGOST dzinobvumidzwa. Maererano nekururama kwekirasi, kuburitsa mabheji kunogoverwa mu:

• Kazhinji "0";

• Kuwedzera kwakarurama "6";

• Pamusoro "5";

• Yakakwirira-yakakwirira "4";

• Super high "2".

Nodes dzakagadzirirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kunge dzakanyatsotsanangura kushivirira. Saka, semuenzaniso, mitemo yekutakura bhasikoro (608 rudzi) ndeyokuti:

• Kutsungirira kwebhora - 0 / -0.005;

• Internal track - + 0.0001 / -0.0003;

• Kubva panzira yekunze - + 0.0001 / -0.0005.

Notation

Nzira dzekusimudza mabheji panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo dzinonyatsocherechedzwa. Kuchengetedza kuti mutengi anokwanisa kuona rudzi rwepi nerutivi pamberi pake uye nokuda kwechinangwa chaanogona kushandiswa, zviratidzo zvakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa. Kupisa mabheji kakawanda kunowanikwa necheraved of number. Dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvinosanganisira mavara. Munyaya iyi:

• Nhamba yekutanga kana tsamba inoratidza rudzi rwekubata.

• Idziviri mbiri dzinotevera dzinoona nhepfenyuro ye node. Yokutanga inoratidza boka rehupamhi kana kukwirira, rechipiri rinoratidza hupamhi.

• Iko mbiri dzekupedzisira dzinomiririra chidimbu chemukati. Kana tikachiwedzera ne5, tinogona kuwana kukosha kwe d mu mm.

Izvo zviyero zvakaenzana zvekutakura 66414 (kutarisa munyaya ino inosarudzwa maererano neGOST 3325-85), somuenzaniso, zvakadaro:

• D - 70 mm;

• D - 180 mm;

• Kureba - 42 mm;

• Kurema - 5.74 kg.

Mabheji

Nzizi dzorudzi urwu dzinosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: muviri wakasimba uye kuiswa, pakati peiyo mafuta anokosha. Kubudirira kukuru kwekubereka kwakadaro kunosanganisira, kutanga kwezvose, madhayamita maduku, uyewo kukwanisa kuita kuti zvive nyore kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwemashizha ekuvaka zvakaoma zvikuru. Kukanganiswa kwemasvodhi emhando dzakasiyana-siyana kunofungidzirwa kuti haisi nguva yakareba yeupenyu uye kudiwa kwezvinodhura zvinodhura.

Mhando dze plain bearings

Panguva iyo pane node dzeboka iri:

• High-speed;

• Kupatsanurwa (kushandiswa, somuenzaniso, mumagetsi);

• Makambani anofanirwa kunyatsogadzirira, kunyatsotungamira shafts nekugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwepakati;

• Kutsika kwakadzika-kutsika maitiro;

• Chinangwa chebasa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo (mvura, nzvimbo dzinopisa).

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda mune zvakakosha zvechimiro ichi, pangave kune mvura kana yega-yakapesana nemvura. Muchiitiko chekutanga, nzvimbo dzekushanda dzehombodo uye shaft dzinoparadzaniswa nemafuta akawanda. Apo sendima-mvura inopesana inowedzerwa kumuganhu wemvura (kuburikidza nefinnest mafuta mafirimu akaumbwa nema molecular bonds).

Zviyero zvebhenekeri

Izvo zviyero zve node dzeboka iri zvinotsanangurwa neGOST 2795. Dheta kubva pamatafura chaiwo ndizvo zvazvinofanira kuongororwa paunenge uchigadzira zvinhu zvakadaro. Mitemo munyaya ino inoshanda kumiganhu yakadai seyi:

• Pakati nepakati mukati;

• Kureba (l);

• Kukura kweiyo (C);

• Kushivirira (kukanganisa kunopera).

Tafura iri pasi (yakapfupiswa) inoratidza huwandu hwakaenzana hwemigwagwa yakasiyana yemitsetse yakasiyana.

Chigadzirwa zvinhu uye zvinhu

Iyo mitemo yekubereka zvakasimba, saka, inonyatsotsanangurwa neGOST. Zvimwe zvinodawo zvinodiwa zvehutano hwezvinhu zvakashandiswa pakugadzira. Kutakura dzimba dze slide, sekutotaurwa, kunogona kuve kwakakosha kana kusvibiswa. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, mapepa anokosha kana mabheti anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu. Kutakura kwekubata kwekusimudza kunogadzirwa nenzira ye sleeve. Mune rimwe tsvina inogona kuitwa nehafu yenguva. Pamumvuri unoenderana nekuchinja, kazhinji gomo kuzvirongedza mabheji.

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira node dzorudzi urwu:

• Dhonza dare (nekuda kwechikepe);

• Bhronhesi, simbi yakakanda kana plastiki (kumusango).

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, asi, hongu, kazhinji kazhinji, masango anogadzirwa nematanda kana kunyange kubva ku chipboard.

Zvose zvinodiwa

Nokudaro, kutakura mitemo (kana kuti, kuitevera) kunoita kuti zvikwanise kubudisa yakakwirira kwazvo, yakasimba uye ine unhu hwakanaka hwekushanda. Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvikamu zveboka iri zvive zvinotevera:

• Zvinhu uye zvigadziro zvemabhandi anofanirwa kunge zvakadai sekupa huwandu hwekugadzirisa kwekukakavadzana pakati peimba uye sleeve.

• Izvo simba uye kusagadzikana kwekereke kunofanira kuva yakadaro zvokuti inokwanisa kukunda chero mitoro inokosha.

• Izvo zvakanyanya kuve nyore kwekutakura kwekugadzirwa kwakagamuchirwa. Kana uchiisa, haufaniri kuva nematambudziko.

• Iko kutakura kunofanira kugadzirwa nenzira yakadai yokuti nzvimbo yavo ine nzvimbo yakakwana yekubvisa kupisa kunoitwa panguva yekushanda.

Sei?

Kugadzirwa kwekusimudza uye kuburitsa mabhizimusi emabhizimisi makuru makuru, ayo anowanzobatanidza mabhii maviri makuru: thermal uye mechanical. Mitsara yegungano yemakambani akadaro anowanzoshanda mumagetsi. Mukuwedzera, makemikari emazuva ano anoiswawo mune zvezvitoro.

Munyika yedu iyo inonyanya kufarirwa majeko akabudiswa mumisha yezvinyorwa, uye kuSwitzerland (SKF). Miitiro ye SKF mazai yakafanana neyeRussia.