Senitrogen arambe achirema

Nitrogen - namakemikari chinhu periodic ezvinhu, varehwa tsamba N uye kuva kutevedzana nhamba 7. Pane morekuru N2, iine maatomu maviri. mushonga uyu Hauoneki, odorless uye shata gasi sezvazvakaita inert pasi pomureza ezvinhu. The arambe achirema pamusoro senitrogen pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu (pa 0 ° C uye kumanikidzwa 101,3 kPa) akaenzana 1.251 g / dm3. The chinhu chimwe pasi muchadenga mune mari 78,09% cheBhuku kwayo. Wakatanga yakawanikwa somunhu chezvinonhuwira mhepo wokuScotland chiremba Daniel Rutherford muna 1772.

Liquid senitrogen chinhu cryogenic zvokunwa. At mumhepo kumanikidzwa nayo mamota pa - 195,8 ° C. Saka, zvinogona kuchengetwa chete kwadzo midziyo, izvo simbi matangi kuti liquified magasi kana Dewar mumidziyo. Chete muchiitiko ichi inogona kuchengetwa kana zvifambiswe pasina kurasikirwa nokuda kwemvura. Riome chando (liquefied carbon dioxide, zvimwe kuzivikanwa sekabhoni yakasviba), mvura senitrogen rinoshandiswa sezvo refrigerant. Uyezve, rinoshandiswa kuti cryopreservation ropa, masero embeu (dzisingaoneki uye mazai) uyewo mamwe utachiona ivhu uye zvinhu. Akabvunza, uye kurapwa tsika, somuenzaniso muna cryotherapy mukubvisa cysts uye nemburwa paganda. mvura senitrogen arambe achirema vakaenzana 0,808 g / cm3.

Vazhinji yeimwe industrially kukosha zvakadai nitric acid, amoniya, makemikari nitrates (zvinoputika, rinochiwedzera) uye cyanides vanoumba N2. Zvikuru simba zvisungo zvokuvamba senitrogen ari Morekuru kunokonzera zvinetso nokuda kwayo kuita nemakemikari, akafanirwa kuti inertia ayo pasi pomureza ezvinhu (tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa). Kusanganisira izvi zvikonzero N2 kwakakosha muminda zhinji zvesayenzi uye maindasitiri. Somuenzaniso, zvinokosha kuramba ari situ nevezera ari dzokubudisa mafuta kana gasi. Chero mafomu aro anoshanda kana sayenzi zvinoda kuziva chii arambe achirema kuti senitrogen paneimwewo kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha. Kubva mumitemo wefizikisi uye wethermodynamics zvinozivikanwa kuti pane kugara inzwi kuwedzera kupisa kuchawedzera kumanikidzwa uye arambe achirema pamusoro gasi, ndiEzekieri.

Apo uye tinofanira kuziva arambe achirema kuti senitrogen nei? Kukarukureta pamusoro parameter ichi rinoshandiswa kana mazano pezvakaitwa kuitika kushandisa N2, murabhoritari uye mukugadzira. Uchishandisa anozivikanwa kukosha arambe achirema pamusoro gasi, zvinokwanisika kuti ngaaverenge vakawanda womumwe vhoriyamu. Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti anotora gasi vhoriyamu pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu 20 dm3. Muchiitiko chino, zvinokwanisika kuverenga kurema: m = 20 • 1,251 = 25,02 d Kana asiri mureza, uye anozivikanwa Vhoriyamu N2 pasi izvi ezvinhu ezvinhu, zvinofanira kutanga kuwana (nokuti Directories), kuti arambe achirema kuti senitrogen ari kumanikidzwa kunotsanangurwa uye tembiricha, uye kukosha uyu zvino vawanda pedyo vhoriyamu maigara gasi.

Masvomhu kwakadaro vakatakudzwa kubva pamusoro kugadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviyero kwacho dzakabatana. Ivo zvinodiwa nomufambiro kwesayenzi urongwa, pakusarudza zvishandiso, kukarukureta unyanzvi uye zvoupfumi parameters, uye zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, pashure kumbomira zvose makemikari kugadzirwa midziyo uye pombi vanofanira pamberi achizarura uye chinouraya kuti igadziriswe zvinonatswa ane inert gasi - senitrogen (ndiyo yakachipa pashiri uye iripo kupfuura pane Somuenzaniso, nehelium kana argon). Kazhinji, vari ikaridzwa yakadaro svinga N2, riri kanoverengeka vhoriyamu motokari kana mapaipi, nzira bedzi kubvisa hurongwa zvinobata moto magasi uye mhute uye kubvisa kuputika kana moto. Kuronga kumisa kushanda pamberi kugadziriswa, mukoti, nokuziva vhoriyamu uye arambe achirema wegadziriro iri usina senitrogen, N2 anoti vakawanda, iyo inodiwa kuvhuvhuta.

Kurerutsa Masvomhu, izvo regai zvinoda zvakarurama, magasi chaiko inofananidza kuti dzakanakira gasi uye kushandisa mutemo Avogadro vake. Sezvo kurema 1 mol pamusoro N2 dziwande akaenzana magiramu 28, uye 1 norwaivhi upi Vhoriyamu dzakanakira gasi anopindura 22.4 litres, kuti senitrogen arambe achirema akaenzana 28 / 22.4 = 1.25 magiramu / fő = 1.25 g / dm3. Nzira iyi ndiyo kushandiswawo nokukurumidza kuwana arambe achirema nerimwe gasi, kwete chete N2. It rinowanzoshandiswa Analytical mumarabhoritari.