Tsamba: History uye kukosha

Scientific uye zvetsika-pakunamata basa vagara rinokosha zvoupenyu hwevanhu munzanga upenyu. Zvisinei, iye asingagoni kuvapo pasina inokosha nzira yokukurukurirana - mutauro. Mumwe mukuru munhoroondo yevanhu yakanga Latin. Iye akasika akakurumbira chaiko uye kwesayenzi chiyeuchidzo zvenyika yekare. Tsamba uye mutauro chinokosha mumamiriro ezvinhu European vakadzidza, pundits, uye munyikadzimu kwemakore akawanda pashure pokuwa rekare budiriro. simba ravo uye nhasi tinogona kunzwa yakakwana zera sayenzi. Mashoko Roman uye zvirevo yave nguva anoratidzwa mushonga, nhoroondo, uzivi, masvomhu. Muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, taona kunyange Russia ose zuva mazana zvakanyorwa mumitauro yokumwe. Kazhinji, zviri Chirungu, izvo hakusi kuwedzeredza kutaura nhasi chitonge tsika uye ruzivo ezvinhu panyika. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nguva dzose. The mutauro Chirungu atora nzvimbo dzakawanda chete kwezuva raJehovha yaitonga yaitonga. Kwemazana emakore asati ichi zvinoreva kukurukurirana-siyana marudzi pamwe chete somutariri Latin. Uyezve, pasina chaakasiya mitauro ano European (uye vamwe Central European uyewo vanhu vose Americas) ane mutsamba dzavo tsamba. Mushure zvose yemaarufabheti echiCyrillic rechiLatin uye weGermany avanhu nhasi vari zvakananga vazukuru yekare kunyora. Kunyange mitauro ndivo kwetunhu vari yo mukupera neyechiRoma uye ufuza tumitauro vemo zvishoma (sapamazuva Italian kana Spanish) kana kupfuura (mu Chirungu kana German) migove wevakabhuroka.

Mabviro arufabheti

Asi pakanga tsamba pachavo? Zvanzi madzitateguru wanyatsoita kwave? Kana iwe kuchera zvakadzama kupinda mazera yekare, zvinoitika kuti arufabheti iri chaizvoizvo rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki. The yokupedzisira, uyewo, aiva zvakananga mugari wenhaka reFenikiya. Zvisinei, zvakananga-shanduka kuti pachishandiswa tsamba Greek yekare kuumbwa tsamba, kurondwa kusvikira anobudirira. Panewo pfungwa kuti chirongwa inotungamirwa yavo yekudyidzana kufurirwa Etruscan kunyora. Uye kufungidzira kwakakurumbira zvikuru svikiro-antichnikov kare kubva guta Etruscan chaizvoizvo vakatonga tsika uye zvokunamata upenyu kweItari iri pre-Roman nguva (uye madzimambo vokutanga Roman akanga Etruscan vari mavambo). Uyezve, zvinofadza kuona kuti Etruscan chaizvo kunyora, pasinei nokuti matongo akadzorera pamberi paro, achiri undeciphered. Kana tsamba Latin, wekutanga pachena zvinyorwa yomusi VII remakore BC arufabheti ichi pakutanga yaiva tsamba 21, 23 vakazopiwa zvaishandiswa kukura dzekare yaitonga tsika. Ipapo eRoma akaramba muenzaniso yavo civilizational mumakondinendi matatu.

Letters uye nhamba

Uye zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti, kunze yakakurumbira arufabheti, kuti vokuItaly vakapa nyika uye nhamba gadziriro. Zvinonzi zvakare zvisinei kushandiswa kwenguva refu, kusiyana tsamba zaimela akaoma mupikisi. Ivo vakava Arab womuenzaniso kukarukureta. Ndicho zvapedzisira kwakaratidza kuti zvikuru yokuita uye inobudirira wokutanga kumabvazuva uye ipapo nokumavirira. Kushandiswa sezviverengo Roman nhasi kazhinji vanotarisa kuti mugove wakatarwa utsaurirwe tsika pane kuita ndaisagona faniro nani.