Nuclear kuputika munhau

Kutanga forties of XX remakore yakanga wakafuma zviitiko zvinokosha kuti nesayenzi. It aizivikanwa mukuru Zvakawanikwa mumunda wefizikisi yenyukireya uye zvaireva kuti vanhu mikana makuru utilitarian kugadzwa itsva simba rine simba. Asi zvematongerwo enyika mamiriro ezvinhu panguva akasarudza nzira kare. Kuedza masayendisiti munyika dzinoverengeka kutungamirira kushandisa renyukireya mune rugare kosi akaratidza maturo, sezvo chokutanga akaiswa nyasha wezvamatongerwe idzva mhando chombo.

Wokutanga kukura zvombo zvenyukireya yakarova United States. Yambokurukurwa mubasa racho pamwe bumbiro zita "Manhattan Project." The mabhomba matatu vakasikwa panguva basa iri, izvo akapa mazita "Utatu", "Fat Man" uye "Kakomana". Bhomba "Utatu" akanga detonated panguva bvunzo yenyukireya, "Fat Man" akadonhedza muNagasaki uye Hiroshima mabhomba kuputika akagashira kubva "vana".

The nyaya inoenda kuti muna August 1945, chaizvo nhatu pashure kuidzwa wokutanga mabhomba bhomba, US President Harry Truman akarayira kubhomba pakati paHiroshima neNagasaki. Saizvozvowo, paiva mabhomba kuputika pamusoro Hiroshima, uye mazuva matatu gare gare, bhomba rechipiri akadonhedza muNagasaki musi August 6 gore rino. hurumende American vaidavira kuti nokuita izvozvo hwogumisa kuhondo pakati United States uye Japan.

Nuclear kuputika zvakakonzera kolosalnye nemigumisiro. Mushure kubhomba uye kuputika muna Hiroshima rufu mutero kuverengwa vanenge zana nemakumi mana zviuru vanhu. Nagasaki zvakare akarasika vanenge zviuru makumi masere vanhu. Japan akanga asina sarudzo, asi kuzvipira. Naizvozvo, August 15th Chishandiso kusarenda yakanga yakasainwa nehurumende Japanese. Munhoroondo yenyika kuputika renyukireya hwamanda mbiri mumaguta Japanese, ndiye chete kuputika, zvakananga nechinangwa pakaparadzwa vanhu.

Kubvira pakutanga kuzarura mumunda wefizikisi yenyukireya kunge pfungwa dzinoshanda mafomu chinangwa chokuunza runyararo, kutsvakurudza mune mirayiridzo iyi mberi. Nechekare muna 1949, Soviet Union, masayendisiti akatanga kuva kuti zvenyukireya simba muzvirongwa. Mumazuva May 1950 kuvakwa nyika yokutanga simba renyukireya chirimwa vakatanga pedyo nomusha Obninsk, Kaluga nharaunda, sezvo watopiwa raparurwa mumakore mana. Makore mashomanana gare gare, dariro rokutanga rechipiri Soviet simba renyukireya chirimwa muna Tomsk mudunhu Seversk wakatangwa. Mugore iroro rakatanga kuvaka Beloyarsk yemapurisa iri Urals muguta Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Region. Pashure pemakore matanhatu, danho rokutanga chiteshi akaiswa kushanda, uye mwedzi mishoma kutanga Beloyarki akapiwa basa iri chinogumbura wekutanga renyukireya nesimba chirimwa pedyo neguta Novovoronezh. At simba rizere, pachiteshi aiwana mushure nokutumwa rechipiri Danho muna 1969. Gore 1973 pakataurwa kushanda Leningrad simba renyukireya chirimwa.

The kuvakwa sebenzi renyukireya simba chirimwa kuchamhembe Ukraine, pedo neguta paChernobyl, akatakurwa muna 1978 uye hwakaguma kushanda chikwata chechina muna 1983. Nokushanda chivako ichi chaiva ZVAITARISIRWA chirongwa kusvika ipapo Soviet Union. The paChernobyl tsaona haana oga. Muna September 1982, panguva gadziridzo yacho chinogumbura rokutanga reactor tsaona pachiteshi, achiperekedzwa nokubudiswa mumhepo, gasi-nemhute masanganiswa radioactive. Somugumisiro, chinokosha kusunungurwa nharaunda pakarwiwa, kunyange zvazvo vakuru vakuru vakanga pamutemo akataura kuti mamiriro ezvinhu asina kukanganiswa.

A inokosha muchinangwa njodzi paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa tsaona akaita, kwakaitika muna 1986. Nuclear rakaputika paChernobyl akatinhira maawa 00 maminitsi 23 April 26 mumuedzo inotevera turbogenerator. The kuputika zvachose vakaparadza reactor, padenga turbine horo yakadhirika, pane zvigaro kupfuura makumi matatu moto vaiva. By 5 o'clock mangwanani ose moto zvabviswa. The tsaona zvakateverwa simba radioactive choutsi. Panguva kuputika akauraya nhengo mbiri yemapurisa, vanhu vanopfuura zana dzakatumwa Moscow. Nokuda tsaona, vanopfuura zana namakumi matatu vashandi of paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa uye kwechimbichimbi vashandi vakagamuchira nemwaranzi kurwara.

Kazhinji, ari generalized Data ane kuputika zvenyukireya paChernobyl yakauraya 28 upenyu, uye vanhu vanenge mazana matanhatu vakapiwa chinokosha nemwaranzi dose, izvo nhengo dzakawanda kujeka zviitiko kuonekwa kusvikira nhasi.