Kuchiteshi chechitima. Railways: kadhi. Railway Stations uye Junctions

Railway dzemapurisa uye nodes vari kunzwisisa rwokugadzira zvinhu. zvinhu izvi vanoumba chete waypoint network. Gare gare munyaya tikanyatsoongorora izvi pfungwa.

F / D chiteshi

Izvi senga samambure zvinhu zvinonamatwa, akashongedzerwa chaizvo namano izvo zvinopa mabiko uye vanotumira zvitima, pezvinenge kwavari kuita kuyambuka. Mukuwedzera, kuchiteshi anobvumira kuti ape uye kugamuchira zvinhu, uyewo kushumira vanhu. Dzakabudirira Track mano zvinopa inotungamirwa uye disassembly kuti chitima nziyo anoshanda yokuzvigadzirisa. Zvichienderana chii kukura uye hunhu basa raiitwa, kuchiteshi anogona kuva mumwe shanu makirasi, kana kuva imwe-curricular. Kuva mumwe woga akatsunga maererano nokukoshesa basa chinhu mu pfungwa.

sarudzo

Railway - ndicho chikuru kugadzirwa chikwata njanji Network. Zvivako izvi vakaitwa kokupedzisira uye kutanga akavhiyiwa vanoumba zvokufambisa muitiro, uyewo mabasa kuitira kufamba nezvitima. About 75% nguva inofamba turnover iri kupedzerwa panzvimbo. Basa chinhu rakarongwa maererano purogiramu chitima kufamba Formulations, avo urongwa chimiro, Kushandisa michina michina uye muitiro. Kushandisa mari hunodzorwa munhu administrative chiito chinokosha. On kwayo hwaro kudzorwa rinoitwa yakachengeteka uye kumeso mavambo uye kugamuchirwa nziyo prosledovaniya chiteshi pamusoro zvitima, uye kushanda zvakanaka uye rationality yomunyika shunting.

Activity chinhu

Dzinokosha maererano izvo kushanda chiteshi vari:

1. Kuramba kugadzira motokari uye zvitima, nokuderedza downtime apo vakamirira kuuya mashandiro.
2. Kuderedza nguva yakawandisa aurayiwe nomumwe chehupenyu basa.
3. The kunonyanyisa parallelism panguva processing nezvitima.
4. The kukurukurirana pamusoro siyana nenyanzvi munyaya Implementation pakati chechitima kwacho.
5. Manager kuti Manual pakugadzirwa uye kuongorora nziyo.

kupatsanura nzira

The chiteshi mutsetse mukati miganhu nhepfenyuro zvinogona:

1. Main.
2. Kugamuchira uye kuenda.
3. Loading uye vachidzikisa.
4. Kufambira.
5. Dhepoti (railcar uye locomotive upfumi).
6. Pedza.
7. Connective.

Zvapedzisira zvinoisa mupopotedzane pezvingoro, dzokuchengetera, mudziyo uye kuchenesa zvinhu, kufambira uye kugadzirisa platforms. Kunewo dzimwe nzira, chinangwa zvakatemwa zvichienderana executable mashandiro ikoko. Lines akagadzirirwa kushumira masangano chaizvo uye mabhizimisi dzinoitwa nevakawanda w / D kuramba Mugwagwa njanji web. Basa makwara ava asiwo kwakachengeteka deadlocks. Ivowo, kushumira kudzivisa mbudo kuti tikaisa ndiri kuti chitima itineraries. Special mitsetse vanoshumira se hove huru, yakaitirwa kumisa chitima, kana zvikamu zvayo, akatadza kudzora achityaira pamusoro downhill. nzira avo kuti kuita mamwe mabasa ikashandiswa mumapaki nokugamuchira, ndichivatuma, kufambira nezvimwe nezvitima. Huru mitsetse inoverengwa kushandisa Roman, chiteshi - Arabic sezviverengo.

njanji junctions

Izvi zvinhu zvacho. Ndivo samambure njanji pazviteshi, mikana, yokunzvenga uye hunde dzacho, mbiru pamusoro Junction pfungwa. In mamiriro avo kunosanganisirawo zvivako viaduct junctions nzira pakati pachavo uye migwagwa uye nzira dzomumaguta. The chiteshi (chitima) aripo Kuronga chinhu, chiteshi, dhepoti uye nezvimwe zvinhu.

kupatsanura

Zvichienderana mwero anosvika uye nhepfenyuro njanji junctions inogona kureva mumwe nomumwe mhando kana. Characterization rinoitwa pahwaro dzinokosha nematunhu. Saka, pengarava gungano chingava chimwe chiteshi. Muchiitiko chino, zviri kuvakwa pamwe vashomanana converging anotenderera. Nodes zvingasanganisira yemapurisa akarongwa yakafanana kana sequentially. Kune mhando wandei dzakaoma zvinhu. Railway nodes zvingasanganisira yemapurisa akaronga crosswise. Muchiitiko ichi pane kuyambuka pakona aripo mutsetse. The raiva pedyo nebundu iri mhando inovakwa pamwe zvishoma yakawanda kubudiswa uye haatarisiri urongwa muchivanze. Pane mativi chinhu mhando. gungano yakadaro inovakwa kuti substantially kunyorerana pakuparwa chitima runoyerera pakati zvose mirayiridzo converging mairi. Nokuti mamwe marudzi vari TOUR, dzeraundi, akafa-mugumo, vasanganiswa uye semiring.

Processing nziyo

Basa yeredhiyo kunotemwa maererano kwacho. Mumwe mukuru zvinyorwa yokudzora mabasa panzvimbo, ndiko administrative chiito chinokosha. MuRussia, izvozvo rinoenderana PTE Railways. Map chinhu chinhu chinokosha pamusoro chiito. The muzvigadzirwa kwacho kunoita kusarudza zvikuru vakarongeka kuti aurayiwe uye nguva remapazi vane ngoro uye chinodzidzisa mhando dzakasiyana. Panguva iyoyo rinopa yesayenzi sangano basa uye kutarisirwa, paumbwe revatema zvikwata okufambisa. Nokuda matanho zvakaoma inopiwa nemupristi tsika mutakurwi zvokufambisa basa, kutumira nokugamuchira nhumbi, uyewo aurayiwe vakaronga mabasa nekuda kubudiswa mota.

Process. Murayiro sangano

The muzvigadzirwa muitiro yakaitwa kuti polling, Sorting, nhumbi uye mutakurwi kufamba zvechitima. Nomazvo sangano mabasa kuwedzera ubereke, kuchengeteka zvifambiswe zvinhu uye tikaisa Nehunde pachavo. Uyezve, akapa rubatso shunting uye chitima kufamba, uyewo kuderedza mari processing mungoro. The muzvigadzirwa muitiro kugadzirwa ouinjiniya mudonzvo ravarwi pamwe netsvimbo motokari uye ari locomotive kwaichengeterwa mabhuku, kukurukurirana uye aramu enyika, nzira kure. Pakuswedera pamwechete vanachiremba nzvimbo simba nemushonga, vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa. Sangano muitiro rinoitwa nevanhu kuita pamwe muitiro boka revashandi, mugwagwa magadzirirwo hofisi. In richiswedera vakasimudza magwaro kufungwa peculiarities uye mamiriro mumwe nomumwe chechitima.

Technical-administrative chiito

Hurongwa, inosidzikwa ne gwaro uyu unoshanda mudonzvo mabasa ose. Administrative chiito zvinosanganisira Vhuṱanzi pamusoro chinhu, kutumira uye nekugamuchira nziyo, maumbirwo shunting kushandiswa, kuchengeteka ruzivo. The mupanda ari rokumanikidzirwa chikamu Gwaro, ine map njanji pazviteshi, mashoko, diagrams, mirayiridzo, uye mamwe mashoko ane chokuita sangano pfungwa basa ose mabasa. Munzvimbo mune basa, shunting dispatchers, osmotrschiki ngoro vane haizoshandisi vari akasungirirwa kubva mushoma administrative chiito.