Ropa Rinoreva zvinyama, uye nei?

Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kunyange kuti ropa ndowenyika connective tishu. Most vaidavira kuti Urume uyu musanganiswa munhu muzvizhinji zvinhu uye ndikasazovapo. Zvisinei, hazvina kudaro. Blood - a connective zvinyama ane yakatsvuka uye achigara munyika zvitange. Urume uhwu anoita mumuviri kuchikosha uye pachinzvimbo kunzwisisa mabasa. It circulates ropa kuburikidza kweropa hurongwa nguva dzose. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, izvozvo anotakura ose anodiwa zvinoumba metabolic magasi uye solutes. Asi nei takura ropa kuti munyama? Imvura.

ropa sezvamunoita

Kuti tinzwisise sei kushandisa ropa rinenge uye nei, vanofanira kufunga yayo kwete chete zvinokosha kushanda, asi chivako chacho. Chii? Ropa iri rinenge rinoumbwa masero uye plasma. Saka chimwe nechimwe chinhu anoita vamwe mabasa uye ine zvivako zvayo.

Plasma ari substantially läpinäkyvä mvura iyo ine zvishoma yellowish tint. chikamu ichi inoumba chikamu chikuru zvachose Vhoriyamu ropa mumuviri womunhu. Plasma rine mhando huru matatu fomu zvinhu:

1. Maplatelet - maplatelet kuti vane denderedzwa kana idenderedzwa chimiro.
2. Leukocytes - chena ropa masero.
3. Red masero eropa - masero matsvuku, iyo kupa ropa maitiro Hue, nokuda yakakwirira zviri hemoglobin.

Havasi vose anoziva zvakadini nemvura zvirimowo mumuviri wedu. Maererano kweropa vanhu hurongwa nguva dzose circulates vanenge 4-5 litres ropa. Saka 55% of zvachose vhoriyamu chepamusoro plasma, uye pauwandu hweavo asara mumusungo shaped zvinhu hunoumba vakawanda erythrocytes akanga - 90%.

haematic

Saka, kuti zvinyama zvinosanganisira ropa, zvikuru kana zvishoma yakajeka. Ndizvo haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti Urume ichi vangava maketeni zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, ropa runoyerera kuburikidza arteries, kutanga anopinda mwoyo kubva mapapu uye ipapo anopararira yose muviri okisijeni. It ane rakajeka rutsvuku ruvara. Mushure zvinyama achapiwa dzakagoverwa pachishandiswa chinhu O _2, ropa runoyerera kudzokera mwoyo kubudikidza mutsinga. Pano, nemvura rinokwidibira.

ehupfumi ropa

Ndoupi mhando rejira zvinosanganisira ropa uye chii ehupfumi? Ndikati pakutanga kuti ichi hachisi mvura. fuma iyi, iyo viscosity iyo kunoenderana chikamu chacho zviri mapurotini uye erythrocytes. ehupfumi izvi sei kumhanya kufamba, uyewo BP. Ndicho kufamba zvinoumba murwiyo uye arambe achirema pamusoro fuma nokuda tishu turnover. masero Separate ropa kufamba zvakasiyana. Vanokwanisa kufamba, kwete nomumwe chete, asiwo mapoka maduku, Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinoshanda masero matsvuku eropa. Ava vakaumba zvinhu vanokwanisa kufamba pakati mudziyo muchimiro "muzvikochikari" kuti kufanana ukapisa murwi mari. Chokwadi, masero matsvuku eropa uye anogona kuzununguswa nomumwe. Kana masero machena, vanowanzogara pamwe masvingo midziyo ropa uye mumwe chete.

Chii yeplasma?

Kuti tinzwisise sei kushandisa ropa rinenge zvinofanira kufungwa kunyatsofunga yenhengo dzayo. Chii yeplasma? Iri chinoumba ropa imvura chiedza tsvuku ruvara. Hazvina anenge segirazi. Hue Its anokonzerwa kuvapo kwayo Zvinoumba nezvimedu mavara uye ruvara nenduru. Plasma anenge 90% yemvura. The yasara Vhoriyamu maigara zvicherwa zvazvichanyungudutswa nemvura uye Organic zvinhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chimiro chayo hakusi kugara. The chikamu chete zvinoriumba dzingasiyana. nhamba idzi kuvimba mhando zvokudya vaparadzwa, sei munyu zhinji yakanga uye zvakadini mvura. The Kuronga zvinhu zviri yeplasma zvinotevera:

1. 1% - zvicherwa, kusanganisira potassium, magnesium, simbi, calcium, yavaibvisa cations, ayodhini, sarufa, phosphorus, kuiisa chlorine anions.
2. Organic zvinhu, ramakagadzwa anenge 2% kubva uric, lactic nezvimwe acids, amino acids uye mafuta, 7% mapuroteni uye anenge 0.1% shuga.

The Zvinoumba plasma

Mapuroteni kuti vari chikamu plasma, vari kushingaira zvematongerwo kupanana mvura, uyewo kwekuda wayo pakati ropa uye tishu Urume. Chokwadi, izvi hazvisi zvose mashandiro yenhengo izvi. Pamusana mapuroteni ropa anova viscous. Uyezve, dzimwe zvinoriumba vari antibodies kuti neutralize yokumwe vamiririri mumuviri. Chaiwo basa nokuti fibrinogen - soluble mapuroteni. fuma iyi rinobatanidzwa nedanho kweropa. Nokupesvedzera zvimwe zvinhu chiedza zviri kuva fibrin, inova insoluble.

Ropa chokuita zvinyama mhando kuti aite chaizvo mabasa mumuviri. sezvamunoita Its akasiyana. Plasma chinewo hormone zvinoberekwa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. The Zvinoumba ichi chinoumba ropa rinewo zvinhu kuti zvinodiwa dzose kushanda muviri. Kazhinji, izvi bioactive okunze.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti plasma iri chisingasvikiki fibrinogen, Kazhinji akadana serum.

erythrocytes

Kuti tinzwisise sei kushandisa ropa rinenge uye nei zvimwe kunyatsotarisa kwete chete kwayo sezvamunoita asiwo chii mabasa anoitwa mamwe zvinoriumba. Uye havasi zvikuru. Vazhinji ropa rine masero matsvuku eropa. zvinoriumba Ava vanoumba kubva 44 kusvika 48% of zvachose vhoriyamu. masero matsvuku eropa vane masero kuti vane chimiro disks, biconcave pakati. dhayamita wavo anenge 7.5 microns. chimiro ichi masero matsvuku eropa kunowedzera kunyatsoshanda vose vasiri kwendangariro. Nokuda concavity kwamakamuri vane nzvimbo yakakura. chinhu ichi chinokosha zvikuru nani gasi exchange. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakura masero matsvuku eropa havana nuclei. The chikuru kushanda Data masero eropa - kuchinjwa kubva mapapu nedzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri chinokosha fuma akadai oxygen. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ropa chinoshanda rejira, iyo anoita zvifambiso mabasa.

The inokosha ehupfumi pamusoro erythrocytes

erythrocytes zita rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "dzvuku." mumvuri masero ake zvinodiwa puroteni inonzi hemoglobin. fuma iyi ane kunzwisisa marongerwo uye anokwanisa namarunda oxygen. Sezvo chikamu Chizenga akawana chikuru mativi akawanda: puroteni - nokusungwa globulin, uye asiri mapuroteni kuti rine simbi. Ekupedzisira acho achibvumira masero kuti kuisa oxygen.

Kuvakwa masero matsvuku eropa, kazhinji zviri mumwongo. Full kuibvisa kunoitika pashure pemazuva mashanu. The sapanosvika upenyu masero matsvuku eropa - kwete mazuva anopfuura 120. Masero aya zvinoparadzwa chiropa uye chirwatata. Panyaya iyi, iyo inonzi hemoglobin anotanga kupinda globulin, uye asiri mapuroteni zvinoriumba. Panewo kusunungurwa resimbi ions. Vanodzokera mumwongo uye anoshandiswa kusikazve ropa masero. Pashure kusunungurwa resimbi vasiri mapuroteni chezvinonhuwira Chizenga iri kutendeukira bilirubin - bile ruvara, rinobuda pamwe bile kupinda zvomudumbu turakiti. Kuderedza mwero masero matsvuku eropa muropa revanhu, kazhinji kunotungamirira kune kukura kupererwa neropa kana kupererwa neropa.

leukocytes

Ropa rinoreva munyama ari womukati kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukuwedzera plasma uye ropa masero matsvuku mukati maro tiri ropa masero machena. masero aya ndiwo emavambo Hauoneki. Inokuchengetedza muviri zvinokuvadza nevamiririri. Muchiitiko chino, masero machena eropa akakamurwa nezernistye - agranulocytes uye granular - granulocytes. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils. Avo akasiyana sei zvimwe madhayi. Kushandisa granular lymphocytes uye monocytes. Vane granules muna cytoplasm uye musimboti, iyo yakaumbwa zvikamu.

Granulocytes zvinodzivirira muviri tusingaoneki. zvinoriumba ava kukwanisa kuunganidza ari panomuka kutapukirwa uye siya midziyo. The chikuru basa monocyte - Absorção de Água anokuvadza vamiririri, uye lymphocytes - pakuburitswa interferon uye antibodies, uyewo kuparadzwa masero kenza.

maplatelet

The Zvinoumba Ropa Panewo, uye maplatelet. Ava diki, Hauoneki uye vasiri zvenyukireya mahwendefa,, chokwadi, muri zvimedu masero anowanikwa mumwongo - megakaryocytes. Maumbirwe maplatelet zvinogona tsvimbo serin'i, idenderedzwa uye denderedzwa. Hwavo upenyu anotarisirwa pasina mazuva anopfuura 10. The chikuru basa maplatelet - rinobatanidzwa kwemasayendisiti chokuita kweropa. Izvi masero eropa anogona kusunungura zvinhu zviri munyaya zvimwe siyana vanomhanya kana kukuvaradzwa ropa mutsinga. Saka fibrinogen zvishoma nezvishoma kutendeukira insoluble tambo kuti fibrin. Masero matsvuku eropa vakasungwazve, uye mugumisiro uri thrombus.

The chikuru basa ropa

Blood, node rinenge vari, izvo kwete chete anotakura okisijeni uye zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinoumba nhengo, asiwo anoita rinokosha mabasa. Chokwadi chokuti Urume mashoko kunokosha kuti munhu, hapana chokwadi. Asi kwete vose vanoziva chii chinodiwa ropa.

jira uyu anoita rinokosha mabasa:

1. Ropa chokuita jira iyo inodzivirira muviri kubva mukukuvara siyana uye zvirwere. Panyaya iyi, chikuru basa iri kuridzwa ne chena muropa masero: monocytes uye neutrophils. Dzinobhururuka kune njodzi nzvimbo uye kuungana munzvimbo ino. basa ravo chikuru - phagocytosis, mune mamwe mashoko - the Absorção de Água zvigare. Muchiitiko chino, monocytes muri macrophages uye neutrophils - kune macrophages. With kuremekedza vamwe mhando leukocytes zvakadai lymphocytes, inongomutsa antibodies izvo makwikwi zvinokuvadza nevamiririri. Uyezve, masero eropa zvinobatanidzwa kubvisa akafa uye tagovera zvinyama kubva mumuviri.
2. Uyewo usakanganwa kuti ropa chinoshanda rejira, iyo anoita zvifambiso mabasa. ehupfumi izvi zvinokosha chaizvo kuti muviri. Pashure ropa kuyerera inobata anenge zvose zvirimo, akadai afemeruke uye kugaya. Liquid zvinyama masero dzakapararira muviri okisijeni uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide, chokupedzisira zvinhu uye Organic zvinhu zvinoratidzwa bioactive okunze uye mahormone.

The rinokosha basa ropa

Ropa zvinoreva zvinyama kuti inodzora tembiricha. mvura iyi kunodiwa munhu chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo nhengo dzose. Kunoitawo ropa kuchengetedza tembiricha kugara. In inowanzotorwa vanoshingaira zvinoriumba kunosiyana-siyana mukati rakamanikana siyana - vanenge 37 ° C.