The nokukanganisika Zvinoumba ropa

Blood - a zvipenyu mvura kuti inopa nhengo uye zvinyama pamwe zvinovaka muviri uye oxygenic. Pamwechete node ezvinhu anoumba munhu achiparadzira mu dzomumuviri. It anoita akawanda anokosha: muviri, excretory, rokudzivirira, kufema, zvemaziso, pamutemo, tembiricha kuzvidzora.

The Zvinoumba ropa kwevanhu kunosiyana-siyana zvakati nezera. Zvinofanira kunzi vana zvikuru muviri, saka muviri wavo mari yacho yakakura paminiti 1 kg kurema muviri zvichienzaniswa vakuru. Paavhareji, munhu mukuru anenge mashanu kana matanhatu litres kuti Urume ichi zvipenyu.

The sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira yeplasma ropa (mvura mugove) uye vakaumba okunze (erythrocytes, leukocytes, maplatelet). Wevasungwa masero matsvuku eropa inotsamira rayo ruvara. Plasma iri isina mapuroteni (fibrinogen) inonzi serum. Izvi Urume zvoutachiona ane Midzanga maitiro.

The nokukanganisika Zvinoumba Ropa - buffer enyika. The chikuru buffers ropa zvinosanganisira bicarbonate (7% zvachose guru), phosphate (1%), mapuroteni (10%), Chizenga uye oksigemoglobinovaya (kusvika 81%) uye acidic (anenge 1%) wegadziriro. In yeplasma hunodzorwa bicarbonate, phosphate, mapuroteni uye asidhi mumasero matsvuku - rehydrogen carbonate, phosphate, ari Chizenga - oksigemoglobinovaya uye acid. Zvinoumba acidic buffer hurongwa rine Organic acids (acetate, lactate, pyruvic, etc.) uye dzavo munyu pamwe simba zvigadziko. Chinonyanya kukosha mune hydro uye Chizenga buffer gadziriro.

Makemikari anoumba ropa. Ropa kunoratidzwa rusingaperi makemikari anoumba. Plasma iri 55-60% zvachose ropa vhoriyamu uye 90% yemvura. Nezvishoma vanoumba Organic (9%) uye chicherwa (1%) zvokunyama. Organic zvinhu zvinokuvadza vari mapuroteni, zvakawanda zviri synthesized mune chiropa.

Puroteni Zvinoumba ropa. Total mapuroteni tigutsikane neropa mhuka anoda kubva 6 kusvika 8%. Pane vanhu vanenge zana nemakumi mapuroteni zvinoumba plasma. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva zvikamu zviduku zvitatu: sealbumin, globulin, uye fibrinogen. Plasma mapuroteni, zvakasara pashure kubviswa fibrinagena anonzi ropa serum mapurotini.

Albumins zvinobatanidzwa munyaya chokufambisa muviri zhinji uye pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu (makabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta acids, mavhitaminzi, inorganic ions, bilirubin). Munyaya murau nemvura chicherwa muviri. Serum globulins kwoita zvikamu zvitatu alpha-, beta- uye wegamma-globulins. Globulins transports mafuta acids, steroid mahormone, mafuta-soluble mavhitamini, umo miviri.

The carbohydrate Zvinoumba Ropa. Plasma rine monosaccharides (shuga, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine monosaccharides phosphates nezvimwe zvenguva zvibereko carbohydrate muviri. Unorema makabhohaidhiretsi hunomiririrwa shuga. Shuga nezvimwe monosaccharides ari plasma iri pachena uye mapuroteni-akasungwa inoti. Zviri kwakabatana shuga rinosvika 40-50% of zvachose carbohydrate kugutsikana. Pakati makabhohaidhiretsi zvenguva metabolic zvinogadzirwa lactate akapora acid, zviri izvo anowedzera zvikuru pashure rinorema muviri.

The shuga wevasungwa inogona zvakasiyana munzvimbo zhinji chirwere inoti. Chiitiko pamusoro hyperglycemia chinoratidza cheshuga, hyperthyroidism, kuvhunduka, yokutindivadza, fivhiri.

The lipid Zvinoumba ropa. Plasma rine kusvika 0,7% uye mamwe lipids. Lipids vari vakasununguka uye mapuroteni-akasungwa inoti. lipid wevasungwa munguva plasma zvachinja zvokurwara. Somuenzaniso, muna tibhii, unogona kusvika 3-10%.

magasi ropa. biofluid ichi unotora Kwezvokudya Nemiti (okisijeni), carbon dioxide uye Nitrogen iri vakasununguka uye akasungwa inoti. Saka, Somuenzaniso, anenge 99,5-99,7% chete reokisijeni chokuita Chizenga, uye 03-0,5% ari akasununguka mamiriro.