Prose munyori uye publicist A. I. Gertsen: Biography uye mabasa

The ramangwana munyori uye anofunga kukuru A. I. Gertsen akaberekwa rakabvongodzwa 1812. mwedzi-Six mwana Aitondiitira mumaoko rechiFrench vakati vachinzvera Nest mhuri vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata kuti muMoscow. Stories pamusoro hondo uye vose kudanana nguva Alexander rokutonga yaigadzirwa mwana nechido muroti, ane chinangwa chikuru chaiva kurwira nani Russia. Pataikura, akanga asina kuchinja zvinangwa zvake.

Childhood uye Education

A. I. Gertsen akaberekwa mumhuri yakapfuma wamambo Ivana Alekseevicha Yakovleva. Zvinofadza kuti upfumi hwake hwakasimbiswa patsime-anozivikanwa mavambo. Mumwe madzitateguru mhuri yakanga Andrew Mare, iyewo akatora nzvimbo Romanov dzinza.

Amai raiva commoner mavambo German, kunze akanga nemakore 16. Nezvikonzero izvi, baba havana kunyoresa muchato chete musikana, uye akaberekwa mwanakomana chakagadzirwa zita ane yakagadzirwa Ivanom Alekseevichem. Sydäntä muna German zvinoreva mwanakomana mwoyo.

mutauro iyi kazhinji akaita basa rinokosha mune jaya upenyu. munyori waaidisisa ainzi ari Schiller. Somuenzaniso, mutambo "nemakororo" chaidiwa kuverenga sydäntä, uye ayo hunhu chikuru Karl Frizington - dzakanakira uye muenzaniso jaya. Ndirwowo guru rokutanga mabhuku chiitiko munyori yemberi inogona anoonekwa kudzokorora-mafungiro "Wallenstein", iro aivawo munyori Schiller.

Kunyange kuva mwana sydäntä Alexander Ivanovich akasangana bhururu wake Nikolai Ogarev. Vana vakanga dzinoshamiswa mashoko kumukira Decembrists muna 1825, uye ipapo akapa mumwe chipikirwa kurwira chimurenga.

batanidzo

Utopian dzakanaka jaya akapinda Moscow University, apo akanga ari madenderedzwa dzakawanda yakakura vechidiki. Zvikurukuru, vakatsigira zviitiko muFrance muna 1830, apo somuuyo of July Revolution rakaparadzwa naCharles X.

Muna 1833 akatsigira chinyorwa mudzidzi wake Copernicus, uye akagamuchira Ph.D. uye sirivha menduru. Zvaiita kuti ake mberi yakabudirira kushumira vagari revatongi upenyu. Zvisinei, gore rimwe gare gare A. I. Gertsen wakawira kunyadziswa uye akaendeswa kuutapwa amachinda Vyatka nemashoko akashandiswa "nokuda yokurira libelous mavhesi." In yemauto Krutitsa wemamongi apo akanga wavharirwa panguva kuferefeta, munyori apedza "The German mufambi."

At Vyatka sydäntä akauya kuzoshanda muhofisi yeko sezvo muturikiri. Life guta duku gumi nezviviri sokuti zvakaipisisa hakunakidzi pashure Moscow nefemero. Kuti zvose zvakachinja muna 1837 ukabatwa Ziso wenhaka vakatapwa pachigaro, remangwana Alexander II. Iye zvakakuvuyisira kuzorora hurumende uye sydäntä shanduro Vladimir. Ipapo munyori yakava vakajairana nyanduri Vasiliem Zhukovskim, uyo akanga achangobva kuona rufu Aleksandra Pushkina.

"Anocherechedza of Yababa" uye dzokumadokero

Pakupedzisira muna 1838, sydäntä vakatendeuka Vladimir, apo akaroora pamwe Nataley Aleksandrovnoy Zaharinoy, uye nokukurumidza akagamuchira dangwe Alexander. Zvadaro, munyori akakwanisa kutamira guru, asi akanga zvakare kuutapwa Novgorod kuti freethinking. Asi kunyange ipapo haana kugara refu, akadzokera kuMoscow. Akashanda "Notes of Yababa" magazini panguva iyoyo. Sezvo A. I. Gertsen aiva mumwe vatungamiri dzokumadokero, lobbying nokuti kufamba Russia iri European nzira kukura.

Muna 1845, munyori yakabudisa zvitsauko ake mabasa yakakurumbira, kutanga "Ndiani mhosva?". Ipapo sydäntä akasarudza kutama nokuti kuti zviremera haana kufanana maonero ake, kunyanya murimi mudiki mubvunzo. Zvino kutambudzwa haana, akaenda kuna Europe, kwaakanga kuzombodzoka.

Europe

Nokukurumidza, muna 1848, Europe akatanga wemauto chimurenga pamusoro hurumende yekare. Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich akatora chikamu pakuendeswa ichi, kunyanya mune mudungwe Roman. Kana chimurenga yakatanga muFrance, mhuri emunyori yakatamira Paris. Pashure sydäntä akatora rutivi mukuratidza achirwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, rutsigiro kuti kudzoka yepamutemo kurongeka, vakatanga kutambudzwa nhengo dzayo. Publicist akatizira kuSwitzerland. Kana kupanduka ikanyarara, akadzokera Nice.

Muna 1850, chirevo akasunungurwa kuRussia kuti sydäntä inowira pasi "nokusingaperi muutapwa." Chikonzero chaiva ake journalistic mabasa mumagazini zhinji, apo akashora masimba Nikolaev. Pasinei nokurambidzwa pakudhinda kuRussia, mabhuku uye nyaya sydäntä waJehovha rakabudiswa mumitauro dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuEurope kunze.

Muna 1851, mukati chikepe, amai vakafa zvinosuruvarisa munyori uye mwanakomana wake Kolya. Zvinotevera May, kana mudzimai wake akafa achisununguka uye achangoberekwa mwana. Zvinosuwisa rwakamuita kutanga netsamba dzake kuti chete muna 1868 dzakabudiswa pasi rokuti "My Kare uye Thoughts". Panguva iyoyowo London rava zvachose nzvimbo dzokugara, izvo akasarudza Aleksandr Gertsen. "My Dzekare Thoughts" akazova chaiwo ayo Genre.

"The Bell"

Muna 1853 muLondon, kwakanga Russian zvokudhinda imba usingabhadhari, ane muvambi akanga Aleksandr Ivanovich Gertsen. The anofunga huru vaida kuumba journalistic bhuku, pfungwa iyo yaizova enyika uye magariro zviitiko yokumusha.

nokukurumidza Akafa mushure Nicholas I, uye Russia akarasikirwa Crimean War, uye ipapo pamusha pakava chikumbiro kuti vachinje. Panguva ino, makore makumi matatu munyika kwakanga kusina kuchinja, uye akatonga nezvinoita pakupindura kwebope yacho Decembrists. Apo shamwari uye wandaiziva Ogarev kuLondon, sydäntä muna 1857 iye akasika pepanhau "The Bell", razova chiratidzo yaitonga wechokwadi.

Bhuku akazviratidza itsva zvokuvakisa correspondents, uyewo mabhuku maduku chaiko. Ukobvu nhamba yakanga 8-10 machira. Nguva yokutanga Russian rakabudiswa shanduro pepanhau aongororwe. Ndakariverenga pachake, Alexander II. Zvisinei, pashure imwe kamuri muna 1858 dzakabudiswa magwaro chakavanzika nezvewikendi kuchinja zvinhu murimi mudiki, "The Bell" rakarambidzwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, pepanhau akakwanisa kupinda munyika zvisiri pamutemo. Yepamusoro kubudirira gore 1861, apo nekodzero dzevanhu pamusoro vanhuwo zvavo yakabudiswa Russia.

mumakore achangodarika

Kana munyori akatsigira vokuPoland yemuna, kufarirwa mairi yakavhiringidzwa zvachose. "Bell" akarega kubudiswa muna 1867. Switzerland rava musha mutsva, apo Aleksandr Gertsen kuzununguswa. Muchidimbu: chasara hwake akava kutsvakatsvaka uye akawira kunze wakadaro vanhu.

Muna 1870, akafa nemabayo Aleksandr Gertsen. "Ndiani mhosva?" Uye journalistic mabasa immortalized zita rake. Munguva Soviet, akanga azivikanwa sechiratidzo kurwira chimurenga pamusoro simba roumambo. Munyori akavigwa Nice.