Russian munyori Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin: upenyu uye basa, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Handina ruzivo zvakasiyana zviitiko zvakawanda Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, ane upenyu uye basa akazara nezviitiko zvinoshamisa munyika zvazadziswa. mabasa ake vanonakidzwa zvibudirire sezvo kuti vanhuwo vaverengi, uyewo nyanzvi. nyaya dzakawanda Kuprin vane mwero mabhuku Genre, akadai "The Captain Rybnikov". Nguva dzose kuramba nevakawanda anokosha akadai kubva chefuma Russian mabhuku se "Garnet norundarira", "Shulamith", "Oles", "Listrigony," Junker "- zvose regai zvinyore Chii anoverengwa vana vanhasi nyaya dzakadai. " The White Poodle " ! Alexander Kuprin munyika yedu ane national zvechokwadi kuzivikanwa.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Munyori ramangwana akaberekwa muna August 1880 mutaundi duku Penza province. baba vake - zvishoma mukuru, akafa apo mwanakomana wake haawanzotauri rimwe. Amai aisagona Mutsai muduku Alexander, nekuti haana mari yakakwana, uye akaupa mukomana kuchikoro nherera.

Alexandrov School muMoscow asina ndoga richiita ndangariro. Pano takapfuura kuyaruka uye vechidiki, wokutanga vechidiki yunoshestkaya zvinhu, mabhuku mabasa, uye kupfuura zvose kubva ndechokuti chikoro yakawanikwa Alexander Kuprin - shamwari.

Moscow akanga akanaka pamwe tsika dzavo ateteguru, yayo ngano, akazadzwa duku-guta kuzvikudza (vaurawa Dzevana guru!), With dzayo dzemunharaunda mukurumbira, eccentrics. pakuonekwa guta raiva kuchakasimba uye hapana mumwe asingadi.

Tanga kunyora

Studies Kuprin akapa dzidzo nokururamisira kwakakwana: mitauro - Russian, French, German. Physics, masvomhu, nhoroondo, jogirafi uye mabhuku (mabhuku). Heinoi ichangoburwa, uye rava ugaro upenyu naye. Pano kuchikoro, uye akanga akanyorwa nyaya yake yokutanga - ". Journal of Russian satirical" "The Last Debut", rakabudiswa muridzo unoridzirwa inopisa munyika

Kuprin waiona kufara, kunyange kushandiswa chiito ichi ari kutonhora (mabhuku, asi majaya Kuprin vairambidzwa pasina ruzivo mukuru wechikoro haana kuzviziva, asi nokuda kwokushayiwa zivo upenyu chomukati uye akatendeuka akarangwa).

Pakupedzisira, mumwe munyori Pokuda aiva kirasi yokutanga abudiswa chikoro uye ndishande kurutivi rwezasi-yokumadokero nomuganhu Russia, kure dzematunhu maguta kwehurongwa vakanga sowakajeka inorondedzerwa nyaya "Duel" uye nyaya "The Wedding".

Service pamusoro nyika miganhu

Material nokuda kwazvo, zvakaoma-yakahwina kusvikira pakuguma nemabasa akadai 'Inquiry "," Bed "uye vamwe vakatanga basa iri pamuganhu. Zvisinei, munyori akanga kufungisisa pamusoro nyanzvi mabhuku basa. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kutenga zvinokwana ruzivo ichi, uye saka akanga inobudiswa dzematunhu mumapepanhau uye nyaya "murima" akatora mu "Russian Pfuma" magazini.

Muna 1890 Kuprin, ane upenyu uye basa sokunge ngavafukidzwe chikwindi ari boondocks, pakarepo akasangana Chekhov uye Gorky. Vose tenzi rakabatsira chihombe basa njodzi Kuprin. Sezvingatarisirwa, Alexander Kuprin mabasa ivo aikoshesa zvikuru kudaro, uye kunyange zvakawanda - mafungiro avo, uye Chekhov akapotsa kunamatwa.

Musoro

Kwete kunyange mumwe mukuru uye rinokosha nyaya kushandiswa kwoupenyu hwose romunyori Alexander Kuprin, - rudo. Heroes kubva mumapeji ake prose zvakananga chiedza pfungwa iyi, dzichiratidza zvayo zvakanaka kuratidzwa, nguva dzose inopenya, nguva dzose kuchirwadza, kusara vashoma (somuenzaniso, "Lilac Bush" - ichi nyaya simba pfungwa zvinoshamisa yakanaka ndiye "zvipo Magi" by O. Henry, apo zvose inoguma zvakanaka, kunze kunyara-mukuru gamba nokuti kunyengera yake duku). vanyori All chaiye sezvo Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, Biography zvinobatsira pakusika.

"Oles"

The zvakakwana guru uye rinokosha chaizvo basa yokutanga ikoko muna 1898. Nyaya iyi "Olesya" - chinopunyairireiko, pasina melodrama, chiedza, rudo. Zvakasikwa zviri heroine - pakunamata zvinoenderana kusiyana munhu guta guru uye chisimba. Sezvingatarisirwa, mukati rusununguko, nyore Olesya ndikadzura protagonist kupfuura magineti chimedu zvesimbi.

Craven mutsa kwakanga kwakasimba kupfuura pfuma yomudzimu, anenge akauraya mumwe musikana yakachena uye simba. The zvezvinotaurwa magariro upenyu kunogona kuchinja, kunyange njodzi dzinongoitika munhu akadai Olesya, asi ichi chinhu Kuprin havabvumirwi. Kunyange refu pfungwa rudo havagoni ndimutsidzire unhu hwomudzimu wakaparadza budiriro. Naizvozvo mukuru pfungwa iyi nyaya wakanakisisa kuti Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha upenyu akadzidzisa kwose kwose uye ona chiedza uye mumvuri, nayo pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga dzingasajeka.

"Garnet norundarira"

In vakawanda mazuva ose chokwadi, munyori anotsvaka uye anowana vanhu vakadaro, vane Kunyanya refu pfungwa kukwanisa kumuka pamusoro prose upenyu kunyange zviroto. Achitaura rondedzero "murume muduku", Alexander Kuprin, ane mabhuku anoverengwa nokukara, zvechokwadi anoita zvishamiso. Zvachinja kuprinskomu "muduku" hunhu hwevanhu dzisinganyatsooneki, vachimbundira rudo, tariro uye pathetic. Inenji, chipo. Kunyange kufa, iye ichiraramisa rudo upenyu, kukurira rufu. Uye mumhanzi, mumhanzi, mweya aberekwazve. Zvinoita mumutsara mumwe nomumwe, kutamira kubva inotonhorera aitya kufungisisa kunzwa nyika.

True platonic rudo vanotozvikuvadza zvaisiririsa. Chastity vatambi ane zvinovaka rokusika. vatambi ava kuonekwa vaverengi sezvo Kuprin asati aona upenyu uye basa yatinoswedera navo munyika utsinye, kuedza kuputsa kusimba mweya. Muchiitiko chino, dzinenge nguva dzose pane underestimation ari gamba pachake, nekudavira kodzero nhaka mukadzi anoda yose make. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunzwisisa kwakaita ezvinhu uye mutambo pakupedzisira haasiyi muverengi pfungwa tariro, magamba wakakubudisai muverengi Alexander Kuprin, ake bhuku zvachose - raifara zvikuru, netariro chaizvo. Light kunzwa pashure pokuverenga nguva refu asi haaregi muverengi.

"The White Poodle"

nyaya iyi, rakabudiswa muna 1903, musi wakare nhengo mukuyi, mukomana Seryozha uye imbwa dzavo vakatendeka - a poodle Arto uye munyori anonzi - "The White Poodle". Alexander Kuprin, sezvaiwanzoitwa, nyaya sketched kubva muupenyu. By dacha ake kazhinji akauya vaenzi - vemifananidzo, chete perekhozhie vanhu, vafambi uye zvose Kuprina privechala mhuri, akadyisa kudya uye chekumwa tii. Pakati vakakokwa paiva kamwe murume ane hurdy-gurdy, zana Acrobat duku chena imbwa Post doctorate yekare. Ndizvo avo vakaudza munyori zvakaitika kwavari.

Rich Mudzimai vakasimbirira kutengesa kwaari poodle shoma, ichaparadzwa uye capricious mwanakomana, vatambi, Chokwadi, akaramba. Mukadzi akatsamwa, vakaripira munhu akaba imbwa. Uye Sergei upenyu hwake pangozi kuti chichisunungura kufarira Artoshku. Kuprin nyaya aiita zvinofadza mune nyaya nyore raisanganisira vaviri ake kufarira misoro - social kusaruramisira uye ushamwari kusafarira, rudo mhuka, dzinovabatsira. Saka kazhinji munyori pane kushanda, sezvaakataura amene Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich Biography.

"The Duel"

Panguva pabasa, mumwe refutenendi yechipiri muna 46TH Infantry chemazana chehondo uye of the dnipro river pamuviri akatambura Alexander Kuprin "The Duel." City Proskurov umo akashanda, nyore akazivikanwa nyaya iyi. Pamusoro pamudyandigere wake, munyori vakatanga systematize zvinyorwa zvavo zvakasiyana. Kana nyaya yapera, izvozvo akarumbidza Bamba Gorky, achidana zvinoyevedza uye zvose mafungiro uye vakatendeseka navatariri vanofanira zvirambe.

Uyewo A. V. Lunacharsky yakatsaurirwa kuna "machisi" nyaya "Pravda" iri kuwa muna 1905, apo pazvinhu zvose musoro uye manyorerwe kunyora ari kutambirwa, achiti pamusoro mapeji akanaka nyaya Kuprin, izvo nyanzvi yekutaura nyaya kuhondo, uye mupurisa ose vachazvinzwa inzwi neporugannoy pachako rukudzo yenyu.

Vamwe Mifananidzo "Duel" Paustovsky akatumidza dzakanakisisa mabhuku Russian. Asi pakanga dzinopesana mazano. Havasi vose vakabvumirana CSKA chokwadi kuti kwakaratidza Alexander Kuprin (upenyu uye basa akati pachena kuti haana kunyora shoko nhema). Zvisinei, refutenendi General Geysman akapomera munyori makuhwa, kuvenga hondo uye kunyange aedza zvematongerwe enyika.

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa Kuprin nezvenhoroondo muhondo wechidiki refutenendi Romashov mupurisa mukuru paukuru. Tsika, drills, vulgarity mukuru vanhu - zvose chakaita upenyu Kuprin mudunhu hondo akasunda kubva vaduku kudanana nemaonero uye - zvakare! - chipo, kukanganwira, uye misoro, rudo rwokuzvipira.

Pakadhindwa rokutanga yokufungidzira yakabudiswa nokuzvitsaurira Maksimu Gorkomu, sezvo zvose zvikuru nechisimba uye zvikuru ushingiwo munyaya kuona matambudziko aro. Asi nyaya haana kufanana Chekhov, uye yake kudanana mwoyo - kunyanya pane Kuprin zvakamuvhiringidza zvikuru uye akatambudzika.

Mumatsutso gore rino vari munyori inoshandiswa Balaklava muCrimea, uko kuverenga rinoyamura manheru Nazansky kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura kubva "Duel". Balaklava - guta muchiuto, uye vateereri nguva zvakazoonekwa kuva mugove. Rakamuka nezvechimwe chinyadzo hombe, izvo zvakabatsira kudzima kuzvikepe, refutenendi P. P. Shmidt, papera mwedzi akatungamirira nokumukira pamusoro ngarawa "Ochakov". Munyori akaona akazvionera utsinye hwokuuraya vehurumende nevapanduki kuti anotsanangurwa zviitiko izvi nokutumira tsamba kuna St. Petersburg, pepanhau "New Life". Panguva Kuprina ichi kubva Balaklava akatuma maawa mana navasere. Asi munyori akakwanisa kuponesa kubva kushungurudzwa vafambisi vechikepe shoma kubva "Ochakovo". Kupanduka uku nyaya yakanaka zvakanyorwa: "nomupedzachose", "vaNefirimu" anoshamisa "Gambrinus".

emunyori mhuri

mudzimai wokutanga aiva Maria Kuprina Karlovna Davydov, waakawana muna 1902 uye muchato muna 1909. Aiva mukadzi akadzidza zvikuru, mwanasikana yakakurumbira cellist uye vanobudisa magazini. Akatevera muchato akava mudzimai akakurumbira yokutungamirira Nicholas Jordan-Negoreva. Maria Karlovna akasiya ndangariro Kuprin bhuku - "Makore vaduku".

Vakagara pamwe chete, uye mwanasikana - Lidiya Aleksandrovna Kuprina, uyo akafa mangwanani muna 1924, achipa muzukuru wake Alexei munyori. Children Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha uye muzukuru wake zvakasiya hapana mumwe mwana akaberekwa akamira Kuprin.

mudzimai wake wechipiri, ake neMuse uye muchengeti ngirozi - Elizabeth Moritsevna Heinrich, uyo akaroora munyori takaroorana muna 1909. Aiva mwanasikana mifananidzo uye hanzvadzi mutambi. Elizabeth Moritsevna akashanda zvose hwake, izvo panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvisina kudaro, aiva mukoti. I haaizorarama kukombwa Leningrad.

Vaiva mwanasikana Xenia Alexandrovna, akanaka uye akangwara musikana, kuti kufarira kuti kwete chete mhuri, asi vanhu, vanenge zvishoma kuti Chat naye. Aishanda munzvimbo fashoni imba pedyo panguva yaPauro Poiret, aiva muenzaniso uye mutambi. Muna 1958 akadzokera achibva kuFrance kusvika Soviet Union. Akanyorawo netsamba "Kuprin - baba vangu." Aitambisa ari Moscow yemitambo ainzi pashure Pushkin. Xenia In makore akazviratidza hanzvadzi Zinaida, asi muna 1912, akafa nemabayo.

Pre-hondo, hondo uye post-yehondo

All 1909 Kuprin achishanda nesimba - akanyora yokufungidzira uye ngozi nguva yedu vaanotonga. The munyori aida kuratidza upenyu kubva mukati mumwe yepfambi kumwe mudunhu. Ngano akadana "The Mugomba". Zvakanyorwa nguva refu. Mugore iroro akanga Pushkin Prize akanga paakavapa, uyewo Ivan Bunin. Izvi yaiva pamutemo kubva Academy of Sciences.

Muna 1911 Kuprin aifanira kutengesa kodzero izdatelstkoe Complete Works. Agamuchira kubva muparidzi namazana muripo, kare muna 1915, munyori akanyora kuti yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka chikwereti. Takabva yakabudisa nyaya "Garnet norundarira", iro rakanyorwa Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich saka nounyoro, nyaya "telegrapher" uye "nhema mutsvene" - anoshanda wakanaka, lyrical, akasuwa. Vakaratidza zvakajeka kuti mweya romunyori haina yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka upfumi, kuti achiri kuda mutsoka, kuti rudo uye tsitsi.

Muna 1914 Kuprin zvakazvipira hondo, mutevedzeri zvakare. Akashumira kuFinland, asi kwete kwenguva refu; akanga azivikanwa kukodzera nokuda utano basa. Akadzokera kumba, uye kumba - chipatara: Elizabeth Moritsevna uye mwanasikana Xenia akachengeta vakakuvadzwa ... It vakapfuura makore hondo. Revolution pamusoro 1917 Kuprin haana kunzwisisa uye havana kugamuchira. Lenin haana kufanana. Pashure pokukundwa White kufamba muna 1920 Kuprin akasiya Russia.

Makore makumi maviri oupenyu Kuprin muFrance akaratidza zvakaoma sei kuchinja vanhu Russian kunze. It vasina zvakaoma. mabasa yakakurumbira emunyori mumutauro French, asi idzva iri haana kunyorwa. Mabhizimisi kunyanya haana kushanda kunze. Chinhu chikuru - vakadya mweya madanha. Gone youth, utano, simba, tariro ... Hazvina zvomunguva yakapfuura ichi yakazara kuburikidza chete basa guru rakanyorwa naAlexander Ivanovich kubva Russia - the yokufungidzira "Juncker". It akagamuchira anenge muvhidhiyo ndangariro kuchikoro remauto, kudziya, zvinosuruvarisa, asi pamwe chete mhando uye munyoro kusetsa kuprinskim. He chaizvoizvo, vainyatsoda kudzokera kumusha.

Home!

Yapera, hope wakauya Kuprina wechokwadi kudzokera Russia. A munyori nechirwere chisingarapiki kumusha kufa. Musangano chinopa kudziya - akada kwazvo zvokuti zvinenge vose Moscow akasarudza kusangana naye. Joy Alexander Ivanovich akanga nemufaro. Zvapupu zvakaona zvinopupurira kuti kazhinji akadanidzira, rafambira nezvose: Vana, uye munhuwi wacho Motherland, uye kunyanya kudiwa uye kuda vamwe. Munyori, pasinei nokurwara ake, yakabudiswa: rondedzero pamusoro guru "Moscow chizvarwa", zvadaro kuyeuka Gorky (pamwe hombe defaults, sezvo kuenda kumwe Kuprin Gorky haana nyasha rutsigiro uye rakabatanidzwawo "utongi chinotyisa uye varanda").

Under idzva 1937 Kuprin akatamira Leningrad uye vakagaramo, yakapoteredzwa kunyatsotarisirwa. Muna June 1938, akashanyira Gatchina wake anodiwa, apo saka magnificently yatumbuka kamwe Lilac. Vanosiya makoteji avo ekare, uye zviuru makumi manomwe muripo nokuti, vakagara pasuo shamwari wechirikadzi yakakurumbira mapurani. Kuprin akanga achifamba kuburikidza bindu rakaisvonaka kunakidzwa rugare uye mufaro hwakadzikama.

Zvisinei, chirwere achiri vakakunda, chirwere chakanga inotyisa - kenza yegurokuro. In Leningrad Ndadzoka kubva Gatchina, kanzuru akasarudza kushandisa Kuprin. Kwenguva akanga nani, asi vanachiremba akayambira tariro, pfungwa, pasinei. Kuprin akafa. Mumakore mazuva, aiva zvose kuti kunobvira - chakanakisisa vanachiremba, rakaisvonaka hanya. Asi ekisitenjeni ichi muupenyu arege zvachose.

upenyu husingaperi

Mabhuku mutsoropodzi, akanyora netsamba wakajeka mufananidzo zvinoshamisa, Russian zvechokwadi munyori, uyo akaramba yakanakisisa dzenhoroondo netsika dzose dzakaoma realism, kupenya muteveri L. N. Tolstogo. Alexander Kuprin, iyo inoti iri nzira zana kare, haana kunyorwa anopfuura zana mabasa Genres siyana. Aiva chokwadi, vakatendeseka, vane kwazvo chaizvo zvinokosha neimwe pakutaura, akanyora chete zvaanenge akamborara, akaona, perechuvstvoval.

Kuprin yakanyorerwa widest zvichibvira vateereri, muverengi nayo hakunei chechikadzi uye zera, vose achawana Mitsetse ake yavo, kukosheswa. Humanism, kuramba raifara, mapurasitiki, kurondedzerwa akajeka, akapfuma chaizvo mutauro rubatsiro Kuprina mabasa vanoramba kusvikira zuva rino rimwe inonyanya kuverenga. mabasa ake kunge filmed, kufanorongwa uye mumitauro yakawanda.