Planetary nebulae. Sekaiichi Eye Nebula

Nebula muchadenga - mumwe zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa, Zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo. Vari chinokosha kwete chete nemaziso hunokwezva. nebulae kudzidza kunobatsira masayendisiti kujekesa kushanda mitemo pezvakasikwa uye nzvimbo dzayo, kuchinja dzidziso kukura zvakasikwa uye upenyu kunoita nyeredzi. Nhasi, pamusoro izvi zvinhu, tinoziva zvakawanda, asi kwete mose.

The musanganiswa gasi uye guruva

Refu refu, kusvikira pakati remakore rapfuura, vaionekwa nebula nyeredzi masumbu, kure nesu panguva rebei. Kushandiswa spectroscope muna 1860 akabatsira kuumba vazhinji vavo vari anoumbwa negasi uye guruva. Chirungu zvomuchadenga William Heggins akawana kuti chiedza kubva nebula wakasiyana nemwaranzi kuuya kubva zvavo nyeredzi. The chakarondedzera unotora mitsetse chekutanga rakajeka yechitema, yaiteverwa pamwe rima, asi yechipiri nyaya yakadaro mitsetse matema haina kuchengetwa.

Humwe ongororo akasimbisa kuti hweGwara Way nebula emapoka nevamwe vainyanya raiumbwa musanganiswa inopisa negasi uye guruva. Kazhinji kusangana uye kuchitonhora zvakafanana dzichiumbwa. makore aya yomuchadenga gasi uyewo ndezvaJehovha nebulae.

kupatsanura

Zvichienderana ehupfumi ose okunze vanoumba iri nebula mhando dzakawanda. All vari kunyanya kuwanikwa Nokuwanda kwakaita nzvimbo, uye zvakafanana dzinonakidza vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi. Nebula, emitting nokuti chero chikonzero, chiedza vakagamuchira kudanwa kana diffuse chiedza. Kuvapikisa pamusoro zvinokosha parameters, Chokwadi, anonzi rima. Diffuse nebulae vari vatatu mhando:

• tichifungisisa;

• zvakarurama;

• supernova vakasara.

Anobuda, akavapindurawo, dziya kunyika dzeSiria inotungamirwa nyeredzi itsva (H II) uye planetaries. mhando dzose idzi dzinoratidzwa nevamwe ehupfumi kuti vave yakasiyana uye akafanira kunyatsodzidza.

Kumiganhu nyeredzi inotungamirwa

All anobuda nebula - gore rinopenya gasi dzakasiyana siyana. Huru chaikosha vanoumba kwavari - rehydrogen. Under Zvakaitwa nyeredzi, rakamiswa ari pakati nebula, yava ionized uye collides pamwe maatomu kwakanyanya yenhengo makore. Mugumisiro azvaiitwa kuri kuva maitiro pinkish Naiwo mufaro.

Eagle Nebula kana M16 - mumiririri mukuru kwakadai chinhu. Heino nyeredzi Anoumba nharaunda, yakawanda muduku, hombe uye inopisa nyeredzi. Eagle Nebula - nzvimbo iri rinozivikanwa nzvimbo chiteshi, nembiru Creation. Izvi gasi clots achiumbwa pasi pokudzora mhepo akatisiyira vari munzvimbo nyeredzi. By achiumba chiedza pano hunokonzera compression negasi uye guruva mbiru negiravhiti.

Masayendisiti vachangobva vakadzidza kuti vanakidzwe mbiru Creation, tichiri kugona chete makore chiuru. Ipapo Zvibvisike. Kutaura zvazviri, kuparadzwa reMbiru zvakaitika anenge 6,000 apfuura nemhaka supernova kuputika. Zvisinei, chiedza chinobva nharaunda iyi nzvimbo kunouya kwatiri zvuru zvinomwe makore saka vanoongorora nyeredzi akaverenga chiitiko kwatiri - chete mune ramangwana.

yemapuraneti nebulae

Zita zvinotevera mhando anopenya guruva makore wakatangwa William Herschel. Planetary Nebula - wokupedzisira pavaipfuura upenyu nyeredzi. Resettable goko chinovheneka kuumba noruzhinji muenzaniso. Nebula chakafanana dhisiki, kazhinji dzakapoteredza nyika kana kuonekwa kuburikidza teresikopu diki nayo. Nhasi tinoziva kupfuura chiuru zvinhu zvakadaro.

Planetary Nebula - chikamu nedanho kuchinja tsvuku vaRafa kuti chena zvipfupi nyeredzi. Pakati iri rinopisa nyeredzi inotungamirwa, ayo chakarondedzera zvakafanana Zvinovheneka mukirasi O. tembiricha Its rinosvika 125 000 K. Planetary nebulae kazhinji vane encombrements zviduku - 0,05 parsecs. Vazhinji vavo dziri pakati redu renyeredzi.

Misa gasbag kwakadonha nyeredzi diki. Zviri zveefa mashomanana Sun pedyo chete parameter. The musanganiswa gasi uye guruva rinobviswa nechepakati nebula pamwero anosvika 20 km / s. The goko yave iripo 35 chemakore, uye ipapo inova rarefied chaizvo uye indistinguishable.

Features

Planetary nebula angava zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvikurukuru, nzira imwe kana mumwe, zviri pedyo bhora. Kusiyanisa nebula rwakapoteredza, serin'i, zvakafanana dumbbell, irregularly akaumbwa. The spectra kwakadaro nzvimbo zvinhu zvinosanganisira luminous gasi achine Mitsetse uye nechepakati nyeredzi uyewo dzimwe nguva sezvo Absorção de Água mutsetse chakarondedzera ezvokuvhenekesa.

Planetary nebula inongorira yakawanda simba. It zviri kupfuura chete chakarurama kuti nechepakati nyeredzi. Musimboti inotungamirwa nokuda kwayo tembiricha yakakwirira inongorira ultraviolet mwaranzi. Ivo ionize gasi maatomu. The nezvimedu vanotsamwira, panzvimbo ultraviolet vanotanga emit mwaranzi zvinooneka. Dzavo chakarondedzera uye achine mitsetse unotora zvinoratidza paumbwe zvarwo.

Sekaiichi Eye Nebula

Nature - Expert panguva nokusika isingatarisirwi uye akanaka siyana. Panyaya iyi zvinokosha kucherechedza, a yemapuraneti nebula, nokuda kufanana ainzi Sekaiichi Eye (NGC 6543). It rakaonekwa muna 1786 uye ndiye akatanga kuti masayendisiti vanozivikanwa somunhu mugore anopenya gasi. ziso Nebula katsi kuti iri renyeredzi Draco uye ane anonakidza kunzwisisa maumbirwo.

It yakaumbwa anenge 100 apfuura. Ipapo nechepakati nyeredzi rakadeurwa dzavo hamvuropu mitsetse uye vakaumba concentric gasi uye guruva anowanzoramba mufanidzo chinhu. To musi, zvazvinosarira kusvikira pakuguma havanzwisisi mashandiro ari rinonyanya kuratidza nechepakati nemamiriro nebula. The chidzoke zvezviitiko akadaro akatsanangura zvakanaka kubudikidza nzvimbo mumwoyo womunhu nebula ane binary nyeredzi. Zvisinei, apo mashoko, uchapupu vachifarira mamiriro ezvinhu aya, kwete.

denderedzwa rechiedza pakati NGC 6543 tembiricha anenge 15,000 K. Musimboti pamusoro nebula kudziyirwa kusvika 80,000 K. The nechepakati renyeredzi zviuru kanoverengeka chaipenya kupfuura zuva.

munhu huru kuputika

"Special Migumisiro" Nyeredzi Kwakakura kazhinji kupedza hwavo upenyu kutenderera chinoshamisa. Huge kuputika simba achitungamirira kufirwa echokuvhenekesa zvose dzokunze anoshongwa. Vari kubviswa pakati pamwero zvinopfuura 10 000 km / s. Kudhumhana kutamira yacho kunofambira mberi kunokonzera kuwedzera simba iri gasi tembiricha. Somugumisiro, zvacho vanotanga hwihwinyara. kazhinji supernova vakasara havana idenderedzwa inotungamirwa kuti musoro, uye nebulae zvakasiyana-siyana. Chii chinoitika ndiko, nokuti vabudiswa zvinhu panguva kumhanya gogonera siyana clumps masumbu.

zviuru Next zvemakore apfuura

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru supernova vakasara - ndiye Crab Nebula. Nyeredzi akadhinda nayo raputika anenge makore chiuru akapfuura, muna 1054. Musi chaiwo zvaiita kumisa pamusoro Chinese yenhau, umo chinorondedzerwa zvakanaka nokupenya mudenga.

Gakanje mamirire mufananidzo gasi vabudiswa supernova uye vachiri kwete zvakazara kuwadzana yomuchadenga nyaya. The chinhu riri chinhambwe 3300 chiedza-makore kubva kwatiri uye kunosvika akaramba ari kumhanya 120 km / s.

In pakati Crab Nebula supernova vakasara unotora - a Nyuturoni nyeredzi, izvo inongorira maerekitironi Rwako kuti vaunze chichiitwa inobudisa mwaranzi.

chadzera nebulae

Rumwe rudzi muchadenga zvinhu inoumbwa musanganiswa chando gasi uye guruva haakwanisi tisingatungamirirwi emit chiedza. Tichifungisisa nebula sokupenya nokuda pedo zvinhu. Zvingava nyeredzi kana diffuse dzidzo yakafanana. The chakarondedzera vakaparadzirwa chiedza kwakafanana kuti kwarwakabva, asi chiedza yebhuruu nayo chinokurira kune mumwe mucherechedzi.

kunakidza chaizvo mhando iyi nebula chokuita nyeredzi Merope. Chiedza kubva Pleiades kwemakore mamiriyoni akawanda, anoparadza nhunzi nokuda samolecular gore. Somugumisiro nyeredzi nebula nezvimedu vanosarudzirwa mune imwe kuitira uye vanokwezvwa vakananga nayo. Kwapera nguva (musi chaiwo zvisingazivikanwe) Merope anogona kuparadza gore zvachose.

bhiza rima

Diffuse idzodzo kazhinji zvichisiyaniswa Absorção de Água nebula. Galaxy hweGwara Way anezvakawanda wavo. Izvi makore gobvu chaizvo guruva uye gasi rokutora chiedza dzinongoda shure kwavo akabuda uye kufungisisa nebulae, uye nyeredzi. Izvi chando nzvimbo inotungamirwa kunyanya umbwa rehydrogen maatomu, kunyange vanosangana uye kwakanyanya zvinhu.

mumiririri kwazvo izvi mhando - Horsehead Nebula. Zvinonzi munzvimbo renyeredzi zveOrionhi. The maitiro Maumbirwe nebula, saka yakafanana nebhiza musoro, rakaumbwa kubudikidza matambudziko ari akatisiyira mhepo uye nemwaranzi. The chinhu chiri pachena zvinoonekwa nokuti kuti zvaari rakajeka achine inotungamirwa. Muchiitiko chino, Horsehead Nebula - chete chiduku cheefa kwenguva Inofadza makore guruva uye gasi, husingakuvadzi asingaoneki.

Nemhaka neHubble teresikopu nebula, kusanganisira yemapuraneti kujairana nhasi zvakasiyana-siyana vanhu. Mifananidzo nzvimbo pazviteshi, apo ivo dziri, zvinoshamisa kuti makirisito uye regai kusiya munhu hanya.