Mwaranzi inopisa: zvinhu, zvinyorwa zvavo uye mukana

About zana apfuura, vanhu yasvika imwe nguva - nguva yokutanga kudzidza zvepanyama, uye ipapo hazvizivi nemwaranzi. Pakati pezana remakore, yainzi mabhomba, paiva rinopikisa kuitika maviri:

• Chekutanga, ndicho mabhomba kubhomba pamusoro paHiroshima neNagasaki;
• chechipiri, wokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa muna Obninsk akazarura munyika.

Mukupera nyaya, rokuparadza simba yazova okusika pavanhu. Chii pane radioactive zvinhu? Chii nefuma anogona kukonzera kupisa?

Ndezvipi zvinhu zviri radioactive

Tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa chaizvo zvinhu dzinoiswa sezvo radioactive. In Mendeleev kuti nguva nenguva hurongwa ine 120 zvinhu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rinoumbwa nemaatomu, uye maatomu zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona isaparara. Izvi anosunungura nemwaranzi ngozi.

Mwaranzi inopisa hunomiririrwa ose zvine maatomu akafanana, akaronga pashure vatungamirire. Total vaizivikanwa anopfuura 80 ngozi radioactive okunze. Somuenzaniso, izvi Radium, France, polonium, strontium, bismuth, germanium, necesium. Vamwe vavo inowanikwa zvakasikwa. Vamwe basa remaoko evanhu.

The ehupfumi pamusoro radioactive zvinhu

The ngozi zvinhu izvi nokuti kuti vari, pakutanga, hazvioneki kuti munhu ziso. Havana ruvara, kuravidza kana kunhuwidza. Kwemakore akawanda munhu anogona kurarama pedyo radioactive tsime, hapana nezvazvo haisi vachiziva. Chimwe ngozi chinhu mukirasi iyi zvinhu kukwanisa avo madaro marefu kubva dzinorwadza. Zvisinei, disintegration dzavo hakubvi zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu pamusoro.

ngozi Nuclear hazvigoni kubviswa nokuda mumuviri kana makemikari nzira. Radioactive zvinhu zvingava mudenga, ivhu, zvokudya. Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi zvakaratidza kuti radionuclides vakawanda anosanganisira miriwo yakadai makabheji uye beets.

Natural radioactive zvinhu

The mwaranzi inopisa anogona huri chicherwa deposits zviri pamatombo dzakawanda, izvo ingasanganisira radioactive zvinhu vari mari yakapiwa. Somuenzaniso, izvi ndizvo nzvimbo Western kweSiberia mafuta-. Pane yakawanda uranium exchange deposits, uyewo vaya zvinhu zviri zvayo Kuparara zvigadzirwa - radon, Radium. Uyewo, mwaranzi inopisa kupinda zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza TPP TPP uye chinogona ushande mamwe marasha.

Regions vane dzinongoitika radioactive mwaranzi

Mienzaniso radioactive nzvimbo Panyika, apo nemwaranzi iri muropa kuchiitika, angava Indian mahombekombe ose Kerala, vokuChina kudunhu Guangdong, pane isotopes vari muvhu, uyewo zvimwe zvikamu munharaunda Brazil. Rakawedzera nemwaranzi choutsi wamatombo yo zvimwe kumatunhu muFrance, Ukraine neSweden.

Kazhinji, zvombo zvenyukireya zvinhu uye radioactive zvinhu zviri zvokuvakisa. Mienzaniso rinogona zvokuvakisa akadai mavhu, alum uye phosphates. Ivo rinoumbwa yakakwirira rakawanda radionuclides vachishandisa pakuvaka indasitiri mhiri bhodhi. Izvi zvinotisvitsa siyana yakawedzera dose pamusoro wegamma mwaranzi mukati muzvivako.

Kushandiswa radioactive zvinhu rokuvaka: pangozi asingaoneki

Pakadaro vave ndakagadza kupfuura kamwe. Somuenzaniso, muna Omsk vavaki anowanzoshandisirwa kongiri kuzadza nzvimbo mined muna Northern Kazakhstan chivakwa marara. Raiva yepamusoro yakawanda radioactive uranium exchange, zvichiguma zvivako zvakanga yekudyidzana yakakwirira kwevari wegamma mwaranzi.

Zvakanzi zvekare kuisa apo radioactive zvokuvakisa zvinoshandiswa kuvaka zvivako dzinogarwa. kutyora Izvi zvakanyorwa muna Yekaterinburg nharaunda, musi Kostousova chiteshi. Nokuti kuvakwa nheyo, plastering, uye dzimwe mhando vapedza, vashandi vaishandisa jecha ine radioactive thorium.

Nyaya dzakadai idzi, akanyora rakakura yakatarwa. In Kazakhstan, Trans-Baikal nezvimwewo zvakawanda dusting mumigwagwa, nhandare, makubhiti, vavaki vakashandisa substandard uranium exchange ores. Izvi zvakaguma kuwedzera cheminda mwaranzi ngozi.

Chakagadzirwa manyuko radioactivity

Mwaranzi inopisa zvinogona kuva nhau maoko evanhu. Pane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti anosvibisa mhoteredzo pamwe radionuclides:

1. Zviri zvenyukireya Kuputika zvinoshandiswa oiri.
2. Bvunzo neeSultan zvechiuto.
3. Enterprises zvenyukireya mafuta kutenderera.
4. Tsaona pa simba renyukireya miti.
5. Uyewo imwe ngozi huru vari kurwa, dzinoshandisa maatomu mabhomba uye anoshongwa.
6. Kuraswa radioactive zvinhu.
7. Kungwara kushandisa siyana unyanzvi mano.

Kutakurwa radioactive zvinhu

Transport kuti mwaranzi inopisa kunoitika maererano chaiyo mitemo, izvo vanotenderwa ne Federal Mutemo "On renyukireya simba." For mabhizimisi akawanda, zvifambiso yavo chinokosha zvinhu zvose. pane chinokosha kuchengeteka marongedzero nokuda chokufambisa idzi zvinhu.

Kupatsanura - iri pfuma yakadaro vane nuclei kubudikidza Nyuturoni kubatwa kutanga panoparadzana. Simply cores dzavo kuparara, uye nokudaro simba asunungurwa. Muenzaniso fissile zvinhu zvinogona kushanda uranium exchange-235, uranium exchange-233, plutonium-239, uye vamwe. Fissile uye radioactive zvokuvakisa vanorambidzwa kutakurirwa kuburikidza netsika. Tsika kuzvidzora ichaitika achishandisa kudzvinyirira kuti kutakura navo mhiri kumuganhu.