Information kurongedza pakurarama hunhu. Pfungwa mashoko kwacho

Information pezvakaitwa zvakasikwa zvakawanda zvakajairika kupfuura zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. Chokuita navo rinoteura mashizha ari kuwa, kumera remvura maruva nezvimwe nomuzikamwi chaiyo. Kugona kuchengeta, fambisa uye kugamuchira mashoko - mumwe zvinoitwa nyaya mhenyu. Pasina hazvigoneki zvakajairika muviri, kuchinjira kumamiriro zvakatipoteredza, dzidzo uye zvichingodaro. Information pezvakaitwa mu inorganic hunhu kuvapowo, asi vari kusiyaniswa akawanda zvinhu uye anonyanya kushanda zvifambe wegadziriro.

ubiquitous mashoko

Chii chinonzi mashoko? Nhasi, pane tsanangudzo dzakawanda izwi. sainzi ose, kubata mashoko (akadaro misoro yose ruzivo), anoshandisa njere dzake. The vakawanda tsanangudzo vanoratidza kwakaoma. Intuitively, wose anonzwisisa mashoko mamwe mashoko uye ruzivo pamusoro nyika. In sayenzi kuti akarongeka kune aya vakawedzera Data yaunganidzwa inference uye mamwe mabasa. In wefizikisi, mashoko - ndiwo kwegadziriro zvifambe, ndicho zvinopikisana entropy uye kuri chero zvinhu zvinhu. In uzivi, zvinoita Inonzi asiri zvinhu chimiro kufamba.

ehupfumi

Maererano mutauro ruzhinji, mashoko kunoderedza kusaziva nokubudisa mashoko pamusoro nyika uye kuti pave kuunza wemuTesitamende rimwe zhinji anoti. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa, kuongorora chirongwa sarudzo. Murume kazhinji haagoni kusarudza pakati wandei kusarudza mufambiro kusvikira anogamuchira mamwe mashoko pamusoro ezvinhu. To ruzivo kwakatungamirira chisarudzo chakarurama, chinofanira kuva yakatarwa hwounhu, akadai ichi:

• kutsanangurika;
• utility;
• nokuzara;
• zvinhu sezvazviri;
• kuvimbika;
• nemusoro.

Pfungwa mashoko kwacho

All zviito siyana kuti zvingaonekwa amakavaitira mashoko, akadana pezvakaitwa ruzivo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana uye kutsvaka, hutachiwana uye akatevedzera, arayira uye mupise, kudzivirirwa uye archiving.

Information pezvakaitwa zvakasikwa zviri pana ose dzoro. Chero muviri, unicellular kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, inongogara kugamuchira mashoko pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza kuti kukonzera zvakasiyana kuchinja maitiro kana zvemukati mhoteredzo. Pasina muunganidzwa, kubudiswa uye kuchengetera mashoko zvakaoma kufungidzira rinokosha basa chero fuma. The nyore muenzaniso - pfungwa dzevanhu. At paro, hachisi chinhu, asi inofanira kuramba kubudiswa mashoko zvakatipoteredza, mamiriro muviri, uyewo mashoko inochengetwa mundangariro, uye zvichingodaro.

mashoko hurongwa

All mienzaniso mashoko pezvakaitwa zvakasikwa kuitika mukati imwe gadziriro. Zvinosanganisira zvitatu zvinoti:

• ari wokutepfenyurisa (source);
• mumwe mugamuchiri (mugamuchiri);
• kutaurirana chiteshi.

The wokutepfenyurisa zvingava chero muviri kana zvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, mudzidzi constriction kana nokuwedzera kunoitika pasi zvinoitwa chiedza. The mashoko ari chakadaro kwacho ndiye nzvimbo yakapoteredza munhu kana mhuka. Ndakaitirwa uyu kana the retina.

Communication mugero inonzi ezvinhu kunovimbisa hurukuro mashoko. Izvi zvinogona kuita senzwi kana kuona chinozunguzirwa uye vibrational inofamba pakati svikiro ane zvakasiyana hunhu.

Basic mashoko pezvakaitwa

Yakatarwa yose nezviito kuti zvingaonekwa amakavaitira mashoko kukabatanidzwa mune mapoka akawanda:

• kufamba;
• chengetedzo;
• muunganidzwa;
• kugadzira.

Computer - yakaisvonaka muenzaniso aibuda mashoko kwendangariro. It anogamuchira date uye processing kwavari, kunopa zvakafanira mashoko kana modifies kushanda wegadziriro, kutsvaka akakodzera mashoko maererano zvakafanorongwa nzira, ndiwo anokonzera mashoko pedyo receiver. The kumumvuri kombiyuta iri uropi hwomunhu. Iye anogara interacts pamwe mashoko aibuda, asi kwemasayendisiti zvayo yakadzika, nguva zhinji kupfuura kunzwisisa avo vari yaingowanikwa muchina.

Vamwe ruzivo chinja nuances

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, mashoko pezvakaitwa zvakasikwa kuitika nehurongwa zvinosanganisira itsime, mugero, uye receiver. In muitiro kuparadzira mashoko kubva kutaridza mugero anonongedzera vauye receiver. Panyaya iyi, zvinoreva chiratidzo muviri kazhinji haana kufanana ne zvinoreva shoko. Nokuti kududzirwa ruzivo akashandisa vakatenderana remataurirwo uye zvibvumirano. Vane zvakafanira kuti zvakakurumbira kunzwisisa shoko tigutsikane mumatanho ose kushanda naye. Mitemo yakadaro inosanganisira kuti achiongorora zvaive Morse bumbiro nezvimwe hurongwa zvakafanana, mitemo kuverenga mugwagwa zviratidzo, bumbiro, uye zvichingodaro.

Muenzaniso upi mutauro zviri nyore kuona kuti zvinoreva mashoko scrolled kwete hunhu anonongedzera, asiwo nzvimbo yavo. Mupfungwa iyi imwe chete nguva shoko rimwe nerimwe zvitange anogona zvishoma dzakachinja zvichienderana zvechadenga wacho. Kana mashoko ari chakasvitswa vanhu, dudziro yavo pakutsvaga dzakasiyana zvinhu, kubva zvakaitika kune vasiri mamiriro. Uyezve, imwe shoko anogona chinopfuudzwa nenzira dzakawanda, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana bumbiro mutauro hurongwa kana kutaurirana makwara. Saka, ramba chinhu unogona kushandisa Chikwata "Hanya!", The kushandisa yakatsvuka kana vakawanda Kudanidzira mavanga.

ruzha

Kudzidza mashoko pezvakaitwa kunosanganisira kudzidza pfungwa dzakadai ruzha. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana shoko haarambi chinobatsira mashoko, izvozvo anotakura ruzha. Saka zvinogona vakatsunga kwete chete maturo zvachose kubva inoshanda nemaonero mashoko, asi mashoko raiumbwa anonongedzera kuti mugamuchiri haakwanisi kududzira. Ruzha anganzi uye Data varasikirwa nemusoro. Kureva, chero ruzivo pamusoro nguva kana nokuda ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana angaita kuti ruzha. Haidereri fungidzira ndiyo neizvi muitiro. Somuenzaniso, muna Icelandic mutauro chinyorwa achava pasina nokuda kwevaya kujaira nayo nomunhu uye musoro panyaya mushanduri kana muduramazwi.

Man uye Society

Information pezvakaitwa munyika havasi vangasimudzira vakasiyana nevaya dzimwe kwevari sangano. Storage, hutachiwana uye kubudiswa ruzivo munzanga rinoitwa pachishandiswa chinokosha munzanga masangano uye zvigadziriswe. Mumwe mashandiro nzanga - nokupfuuridzirwa ruzivo. Kunopiwa ndicho kuchinjwa mashoko kubva kuchizvarwa mumwe. Mune dzimwe nzira izvi zvakafanana muitiro nokukopa nhaka zvinhu.

Information pezvakaitwa munharaunda nechokwadi cohesion kwayo. Kukundikana uchatamisa vaunganidza ruzivo, kusanganisira mitemo uye mitemo kukonzera kuparadzana rimwe vagadzirire vanhu kuita chete pahwaro pakugadzira tinoberekwa zvekungofungira.

Storage uye kugadzira

Munharaunda, sapamazuva nomumwe muviri, zvakaoma kubvisa mashoko pasina neripi. Databases, mumaraibhurari, yamabhuku uye mamiziyamu zvine zvakawanda. Kazhinji, asati pasi pavo vadzidzi, vadzidzisi paaivatambudza mashoko kugadzira. Ivo patsanura, Sefa data, sarudzai dzakananga zvinhu maererano chirongwa kurovedzwa, uye zvichingodaro.

History vave vachiona kuchinja wandei kunoshamisa chokuita kubudiswa mashoko uye kwakaita kuti kuwedzera kuunganidza ruzivo. Kwakadaro mashoko nokumukirana anogona kunzi chakatangwa kunyora, kudhinda, kombiyuta, simba yokutanga. Kugadzirwa makombiyuta aiva chezvaizoitika kuunganidza ruzivo. The kombiyuta anokwanisa kugamuchira uye dzinoona yakawanda mashoko, nokuvaponesa uye lossless hutachiwana.

The mananara zvakasikwa: mienzaniso mashoko pezvakaitwa

Mashoko ichibva kwezvakatipoteredza, vanokwanisa kunzwisisa kwete vanhu. Mhuka uye zvinomera, masero kuroorwa uye zvigare vakateyiwa anonongedzera uye kuipindura munzira yakati. Abscission wemashizha mu mumatsutso uye muchirimo kukura mabukira, kuitwa zvimwe postures imbwa kana kusvika imwe anokumhan'arira, kuti hurumende ichiisa anodiwa zvinhu kupinda cytoplasm pamusoro amoeba ... All mananara aya zvakasikwa - mienzaniso kuchinja ezvinhu pashure kutambira mashoko.

Kana miti yava mashoko ezvinhu. Data kuchinjirwa rinoitwa pakati tishu masero. For fauna of hunhu kupanana ruzivo, uye vanhu vanowanzosarudza.

Mumwe kiyi nguva iri dzomusango - kuchinjwa magene mashoko. In izvi zvinoita akangotaura kwaibva (DNA uye RNA), arufabheti pamwe mitemo nokuda kwayo kuverenga (majini code: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine), imwe Uropi danho (transcription DNA), uye zvichingodaro.

cybernetics

Theme: "Information pezvakaitwa" - mumwe vaitungamirira mune cybernetics. Ndicho sayenzi kuzvidzora uye kutaurirana munharaunda, mhuka uye rwokugadzira. Muvambi cybernetics Norbert Viner vaiona. Kudzidza mashoko kurongedza ari sayenzi zvakakodzera kuti vanzwisise zviri kudzora mumwe kana mumwe hurongwa. In cybernetics kusunungurwa maneja uye vakakwanisa chinhu. Vachikurukura kuburikidza mberi uye harungashandurwi Links. Kubva kuzvidzora chinhu (semuenzaniso, munhu) anogamuchira anonongedzera (ruzivo) kune varikutonga (PC), somugumisiro iyo yokupedzisira unobereka zvimwe chiito. Ipapo zvokudya kuna kuzvidzora anogamuchira mashoko pamusoro kuchinja.

Cybernetic pezvakaitwa chokuita basa dzavamwe vapenyu muviri. utariri zvinotaurwa vavete hwaro voruzhinji, uyewo makombiyuta. Chaizvoizvo cybernetics pfungwa akaberekwa ari kutsvaka zvakakurumbira kutaura kuti kuongorora basa zvipenyu, uye michina siyana uye kuziva zvakafanana. kwemaitiro kwenzanga uye zvakasikwa vomunharaunda.

Saka, mashoko kurongedza zvakasikwa - mumwe zvechadenga zvipenyu upi kunzwisisa. Vari kuzadzikiswa nenheyo mberi uye kuzvishandura Links uye zvinobatsira kwerunyararo kugara womukati ezvinhu uye nenguva Achipindura kuchinja dzakapoteredza nyika. Information pezvakaitwa mu zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa (kunze michina, akagadzirwa) chete-Danho chokubuda. Zvinokosha anozivikanwa pamusoro kusawirirana kwavo, - mashoko chinopfuudzwa kubva kunobva kwayo Zvibvisike. The mhuka michina chinoshamisa zvakadaro haana kuchengetwa. Kazhinji, mashoko zvitange vachiri mudura kunobva.

Pfungwa mashoko muitiro yaishandiswa sayenzi siyana. It anganzi interdisciplinary. Information dzidziso rinoshanda nhasi kutsanangura zvakasiyana siyana kwendangariro.