Pfungwa uye inokosha kombiyuta mapurani.

Mugore 60-ies programmers akawanda makatanga kuva ichangobva design, kusanganisira kongiri kuti Hardware uye Software mukukurukurirana uye chamuita kuti tsanangudzo kombiyuta mapurani. Computer Architecture rava chikamu chinokosha munyika kombiyuta nyika, uye anoramba saka nanhasi.

Pfungwa uye anokosha kombiyuta mapurani

Computer Architecture - a symbiosis siyana pamwe nezviito, configuration uye interconnect inokosha pfungwa kombiyuta nodes. symbiosis ichi anoshanda chokupika User mabasa, uye komberedza zvinhu zvinoverengeka muchiungana kuti pave Hardware uye software, apo mukuru mupfungwa weveta kwetunhu linkages uye nenheyo yokusafa okunatsiridza siyana kadambari. Somuenzaniso, muna kugadzirwa huru zvinoriumba engineering michina uye functionality yayo zvinogonawo, asi vakaparadzana ivhu akatorwa kunokosha kusiyana mutengo, nokukurumidza uye kuita.

Munguva daily basa chero User kunonyanya kufarira kwete chete kunyatsoshanda uye kumhanya muchina, asi ayo nezvaanogona kuti kugadzirisa chaizvo mabasa. Somugumisiro, mumwe Data yakatarwa pakati mutengi zvinodiwa zvakaita kuti zvinokosha kutanga chinhu nehwaro kombiyuta zvikuru yakavimbika uye nyore kushandisa. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda mwero wacho zvinhu hakusi risingaperi, iro Ndokusaka nyanzvi kutungamirira kuona chisarudzo mumagazini ino iri mazuvaano kombiyuta mapurani.

Somugumisiro ari mazuvaano makombiyuta vakanga akamisa makombiyuta simba pamwe multiprocessor mapurani, izvo zvinoita kuti ishande vakawanda processors panguva imwe chete. Uyezve, kuwedzera simba kombiyuta, zvikuru basa rake raisanganisira processors.

The Mhando chikuru kombiyuta mapurani

The yose yekombiyuta rinokamukana Mhando kombiyuta mavakirwo mumapoka matatu, nokuda uwandu hova mirayiro uye data, tarisai kwavari:

• The muvambi chaiwo mavakirwo kombiyuta yacho 1st uye 2nd chizvarwa raiva Dzhon Fon Neyman, uyo akagadzira mirayiridzo inokosha kutevedzana. To boka iri ndezvaJehovha uniprocessor gadziriro kuva mune imwe nyaya rimwe date rukova (SISD), uye wechipiri - vakawanda mashoko rukova (SIMD). Kupira uku michina inokonzerwa chete Vector kudzidziswa aibuda, ukuwo muzvizhinji kuti mashoko Hova pachavo.
• The rakatevera boka, izvo zvinosanganisira mhando mapurani - MIMD. Chinonzi multiprocessor gadziriro rine vakawanda murayiridzo murukova uye date rukova. Izvi mapurani hurongwa dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa supercomputers ano.
• Pakupedzisira, wechitatu mhando mapurani - MISD, anomirira rimwe purogiramu yakawanda mashoko. Zvinosuruvarisa MISD haana rinoshanda kukosha. Izvi mhando anotaurwa kwete kombiyuta mapurani uye kuumbika parallelizing zvirongwa. Rinoratidza mawa aurayiwe maviri kana kupfuura makopi chete chirongwa akasiyana processor modules nedzimwe mashoko.

Zvakakodzera kufunga chinokosha kutungamirirwa kukura kombiyuta mavakirwo sezvo muchina Data Hova dzakadaro. Munguva 80s zvakanzi vaifungidzira kuti tarisiro yakakwirira-waivako kombiyuta zvakabatana kombiyuta kudzorwa date aibuda mune inodurukira ava kugona kumhanya mirayiro kakawanda zvakananga, kunyange kukurukurwa pamusoro mhando kombiyuta mapurani vari kadambari hurongwa, vakakwanisa pokami mapoka. Mukurima ano vajaira zvinhu chete shomanana nzira yaishandiswa microprocessors ine muzvizhinji pakati dzichipfekeka dzakabatana uchishanda synchronously vakamirira Kuwanikwa operands.