Gungwa reBaltic: salinity, kudzika, kurongeka, tsanangudzo

Gungwa reBaltic ndiro nzvimbo yekuchamhembe yakadzika iri muEurasia. Inodonha zvakadzika muvhu, uye nekuda kweizvi zvinoreva mvura inoyerera yepakati mukati. Gungwa rinozadza mvura yeAtlantic. Iko iri kuNorthern Europe. Nyika dzeBaltic dzinosvika kuGungwa reBaltic. Uyewo zvakadai seDenmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Russia nePoland. Negungwa, rukova rwunopindirana kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuDenmark matambudziko uye North Sea.

Nharaunda yemugodhi inenge 415 mamiriyoni makiromita. Izwi regirazi remvura rinopfuura 20 000 cubic meters. Km. Gomba rakadzama rakasvika 470 mamita.

Hydrology

Gungwa reBaltic, iro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune mhuka nemichero, rinozara nemvura zhinji yakachena. Izvo zvinogara zviripo zvekunaya. Mvura inoyerera inopinda mumugodhi ichionga nekuda kwezvikepe uye zvigaro. Matavi ane mazana asina kukwana uye, sekutonga, kukosha kwavo hakusi kupfuura 20 cm.

Kudzika kweGungwa reBaltic nguva dzose mukati meharaunda imwechete. Inonyatsotungamirirwa nemasasa emhepo. Pedyo nemhenderekedzo , mvura inogona kukwira kusvika pamakumi mashanu, munzvimbo dzakamanikana - kusvika mamita 2.

Izvo zvinenge zvisina dutu pamvura inoyerera. Kungofanana nedzimwe mhendzi dzinosuka Russia, muviri weBaltic wakanyarara, uye kazhinji apo mafungu ayo anokwanisa kusvika kusvika mamita mana. Dutu zhinji mukuwa, munaNovember. Maximum kuchinja - 7-8 pfungwa. Muchando, ivo vanomira, izvi zvinotungamirirwa nechando.
Kuramba kuri kubuda kweGungwa reBaltic kuduku. Mukati me 10-15 cm / s. Iyo huru yekuyerera inowedzera panguva yemvura zhinji kusvika ku100-150 cm / s.
Mafungu eGungwa reBaltic anenge asingaoneki. Izvi zvinoshandiswa, kune imwe nzvimbo huru, nekuparadzanisa kwemvura inoyerera. Nhamba yavo inopesana mukati mamaminita makumi maviri. Kuwedzera kwemahombekombe emvura ari muna August naSeptember.

Chikamu chikuru chegungwa chakafukidzwa neqiri kubva munaOctober kusvika munaApril. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati pegungwa hachidimbu, asi magetsi anokwanisa kuputika kuburikidza navo panguva yekucheka (June-August).

Gungwa reBaltic rakapfuma mune zvakasikwa zviwanikwa. Kune mairi emafuta pano, zvitsva zvitsva zvirikudziridzwa. Uyewo, mahomwe makuru emamber ave achangowanikwa. Pasi pegungwa zvinopfuura nzira yegasi "Nord Stream".

Uye Gungwa reBaltic rakapfuma mune hove uye hove dzegungwa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwekuyerera hwakaderera zvikuru. Mvura yakazara nehupfu hunobva kuhova huru. Kuvapo kwezvikwereti zvemakemikari zvigadziriswa zvakare.

Pamusana pokudzika kwakadzika kwegungwa, kutumira hakusi kwakakurumbira pano. Ndiyo midziyo midzi chete ine simba rokuyambuka mvura isina mvura. Nzvimbo dzakakura kupfuura dzose dzeGungwa reBaltic: Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Gdansk, Copenhagen, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, Stockholm.

Mvura yegungwa iri haina kukodzera pakuvandudzwa kwekushanyirwa kwevashanyi, asi zvisinei pane sanatoria uye zvipatara kune rumwe rutivi rwegungwa. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuRussia inogara maguta eSvetlogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Sestroretsk, Latvian Jurmala, Lithuanian Neringa, Polish Koszalin uye Sopot, Germanic Albek naBinz.

Tsanangudzo pfupi yekushisa kwemvura yegungwa uye salin

Muchikamu chepakati cheGungwa reBaltic, sekutonga, kutonhora hakuwanzopfuura 15-18 ° C. Pasi iyo inenge madhigirii mana. MuGulf, kune kazhinji kanyoro kunotyisa uye +9 .. + 12 ^° C.

Gungwa reBaltic, iro runyararo rwunoderera mumhepo kubva kumavirazuva kuenda kumabvazuva, pakutanga kwemazuva ano kune hurumende yepamusoro ye 20 ppm. Pakadzika iyi chiyero ichiwedzerwa ne 1.5 nguva.

Title

Kwenguva yokutanga zita rokuti etymological "Baltic" rinowanika munhoroondo yezvakaitika zvezana remakore rechi11. Zita rekare regungwa ndiVa Varangian. Iyo inotaurwa munyaya inonzi "Tale ye Bygone Makore".

Extras

Pfungwa dzakanyanyisa dzeGungwa reBaltic:

• Kumabvazuva - Wismar (Germany), inosanganiswa - 53 ° 45` p. W.;
• Northern - Polar nharo dzinosanganiswa - 65 ° 40` s. W.;
• Kumabvazuva - St. Petersburg (Russia), inobatanidza - 30 ° 15` in. E.
• Kumadokero - Flensburg (Germany), inobatanidza - 9 ° 10` in. E.

Geographical character: nharaunda, nharaunda uye mabhanga

Gungwa reBaltic (salin uye mararamiro ayo anorondedzerwa pasi apa) rakatambanudzwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero ne160 km. Kuputika kukuru kunowanikwa pakati pemaguta eStockholm uye St. Petersburg. Ndiyo makiromita 650.

Maererano nemashoko ezvakaitika kare, Gungwa reBaltic ravepo kwemakore anenge 4 000. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, rwizi rwakakwana runoputika runopinda mumvura iyi inotanga kuvepo, neNeva (74 km). Mukuwedzera kwairi, inopfuura 250 nzizi dzinobatana nekuyerera. Iko huru pane iyo ndiyo Vistula, Oder, Narva, Neman, Western Dvina.

Mamwe mapeji eGungwa reBaltic anonyengera pamakona ayo makuru. Kumusoro ndiko Gulf of Bothnia, iyo yakakura uye yakadzika. Kumabvazuva - Riga, iri pakati peEstonia neLatvia, Finnish, ichigeza gungwa reFinland, Estonia, Russia, uye Curonian Lagoon. Nokuda kwekuti iyo yekupedzisira inoparadzaniswa kubva pagungwa nejecha rakasviba, mvura iri mumupata inenge yakachena. Ichi chinhu chinoshamisa.

Ivhareji yakadzika yeBaltic Sea ine mamita makumi mashanu, pasi inenge iri mukati mekondinendi. Iyi nuance inoita kuti zvikwanise kuitumira kumadzimai emvura ari mukati.

The Islands

Munzvimbo yemvura yegungwa mune dzinopfuura 200 zvakasiyana muzviwi zvakakura. Izvo zvinowanikwa zvisina kufanira pedyo negungwa, uye kure navo. Zviwi zvakakura zvikuru zveBaltic ndeZ Zealand, Falster, Myon, Langeland, Lollann, Bornholm, Fyn (ndeyeDenmark); Eland uye Gotland (zvitsuwa zveSweden); Fehmarn naRügen (inoreva Germany); Hiiumaa, Saaremaa (Estonia).

Coastline

Gungwa reBaltic (gungwa rinoipisa kwazvo nemvura yaro) ine gungwa rakasiyana nechepamusoro pemativi ose emvura. Muchikamu chekuchamhembe - pasi inenge isina kukwana, ine matombo, uye gungwa rinochekwa nehove duku, kuputika uye zviduku zviduku. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba, pane chinopesana, chine nzvimbo yakadzika, uye gungwa rakadzika, rine gungwa rine jecha, iro mune zvimwe zvikamu rinomiririrwa nemadonhwe maduku. Chiitiko chinowanzoitika pamhenderekedzo duku ndiyo jecha rinopfira, kudzika mukati megungwa.
Sedimentary pasi inomiririrwa nehuni, black silt (ine glacial yakabva) uye jecha, uye pasi rine maatombo uye mabwombo.

Salinity uye kuchinja kwayo nguva dzose

Nokuda kwehuwandu hwemvura uye mvura ine simba inoyerera ichibva nenzizi, Gungwa reBaltic (iyo salinity yegungwa iri duku) yakazara nemvura yakachena. Inoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira. Apo gungwa reBaltic rinopinda gungwa zvakadzika, mvura inenge ichitsva, uye Gungwa reNorthwa rinokurudzira ruzivo rwayo. Izvi hazvirevi zvachose. Dutu remhepo rinokurudzira kusanganiswa kwemvura.
Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, salinity yeGungwa reBaltic iri pasi. Kuderedza kudarika kwacho kunowanikwa kune gungwa, nhamba yakakura yekuvimbisa - pasi.
Panharaunda iyo mvura inosangana nematambudziko kumadokero - kunwa kwemvura kunosvika 20 ‰ pagungwa, pasi - 30 . Kumhenderekedzo yeBownia neGulf of Finland chiratidzo chiduku. Iyo haina kudarika kukosha kwe 3 . Nhamba kubva pa6 kusvika ku8 inofanana nemvura yepakati.

Nguva yemazuva ano inokanganisa kugoverwa kwehuyu hwemvura yeGungwa reBaltic. Saka, mumwaka wechando-zhizha, inoderera ne 0.5-0.2 ppm. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti yakanyunguduka nzizi dzine mvura yakachena mugungwa. Muchikwata uye munguva yechando, pane zvinopesana, inowedzera nekuda kwekuuya kwechando kumusoro masses.

Kushandurwa muhuyu hwegungwa ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvinokosha zvinodzora zvipenyu, zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvinoshandiswa pamhenderekedzo. Mune chikamu pamusana pokutsva kwemvura, gungwa rine chisina kusimba.